Grade 12 - Physical Science

1. AUDREY FLORES
ALLAIN DE
ROSARIO

2. Elements can
be classified
by their
atomic
structure.
Elements with
similar
arrangements
of electrons
have similar
properties.

3. Elements with similar
electron arrangements
are grouped together in
families, or groups.
There are 18 groups or
families.
Elements in a group are
in columns found
vertically on the
periodic table.

4. .
• All of the elements in a column have
similar properties.
.
• The elements with the lightest atoms
are at the top of the column.
.
• The more massive are at the bottom of
the column.

5. IA, IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB,
VIB,VIIB,VIIIB, IB, IIB
(EXCEPT HYDROGEN) – (1-15)
IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, #1 H
(Except Atomic Numbers: 13, 31,
32, 49, 50, 51, 81, 82, 83, 84)
- (13-18 & #1 H)
VIIIA - (18)
These are also referred to as the inert gases. They do not combine with anything
because their outer energy level is complete.

6. Elements are
placed in
periods going
horizontally
(across) the
periodic table.
The size of atoms decrease
Atomic # and Atomic Mass increase
The elements change from metals through metal-like elements to nonmetals
The periodic table has 7 rows called periods.
Metals are usually shiny. There are about 75% of the elements that are metals.
Nonmetals except for hydrogen are found on the right side of the chart.
Nonmetal solids usually have dull surfaces and are brittle.

8. Family 1:
ALKALI METALS
Family 2: ALKALINE
EARTH METALS
Family 3-12:
TRANSITION METALS
Family 14:
CARBON FAMILY
Family 15:
NITROGEN FAMILY
Family 17:
HALOGENS
Family 18:
NOBLE GASES
Family 11:
COINAGE METALS
Family 16:
OXYGEN FAMILY