SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 10
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
MIXED METHOD RESEARCH
ATHIRA SANKAR . M
FIRST M.Ed.
N.S.S COLLEAGE OTTAPALAM
WHAT IS MIXED RESEARCH?
• Mixed methods researchis a procedurefor
collecting, analyzing, and “mixing ” both
quantitativeand qualitativemethods in a single
study or a series of studentsto understanda
researchproblem.- Creswell & Plano Clark (2011)
MIXED METHODS RESEARCH DESIGN
COLLECTING BOTH QUANTITATIVE
AND QUALITATIVE DATA
QUANTITATIVE
• Questionnaire
• Survey
• Census
• Attendance Record
• Checklists
QUALITATIVE
• Interviews
• Observations
• FGD
• Documents Studies
• Case-Study
• Audio-visual materials
FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING
PERSPECTIVES ON MIXED METHODS
Quantitativedata Qualitativedata
Findings Findings
Comparison
Findings
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
• Provide the rationale for the design
• Include collecting qualitative and quantitative data
• Consider priority
• Consider sequence
• Match the data analysis to a design
REASONS FOR USING MIXED
METHODS
• To explainand interpret
• To explorea phenomenon
• To developand to test a new instrument.
• To addressquestion at different level
STRENGTHS?
• Can be easy to describeand to report
• Can help to generalizequalitativedata
• Helpful in describingand validating an
instrument
• Can positionresearchin a transformative
framework
WEAKNESSES
• Time required
• Discrepanciesbetween differenttypes of data
• Can be difficultto decidewhen t proceedin
sequential designs.
• Little guidanceon transformative methods
Mixed method research

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Qualitative research design in research in education
Qualitative research design in research in educationQualitative research design in research in education
Qualitative research design in research in educationRashna Asif
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsJukka Peltokoski
 
Mixed method research
Mixed method researchMixed method research
Mixed method researchNaveen Pareek
 
Educational research need concept and types by purpose
Educational research need concept and types by purposeEducational research need concept and types by purpose
Educational research need concept and types by purposeInam Jahangir
 
Tools in Qualitative Research: Validity and Reliability
Tools in Qualitative Research: Validity and ReliabilityTools in Qualitative Research: Validity and Reliability
Tools in Qualitative Research: Validity and ReliabilityDr. Sarita Anand
 
Mixed methods research. newpptx
Mixed methods research. newpptxMixed methods research. newpptx
Mixed methods research. newpptxmuhammad abu bakr
 
Generalization and Interpretation of Research Results
Generalization and Interpretation of Research ResultsGeneralization and Interpretation of Research Results
Generalization and Interpretation of Research ResultsHermieAbaquita2391
 
Grounded theory
Grounded theoryGrounded theory
Grounded theoryAamiruvas
 
Mixed research-methods (1)
Mixed research-methods (1)Mixed research-methods (1)
Mixed research-methods (1)Rakibul islam
 
Qualitative quantitative mixed method 2018
Qualitative quantitative mixed method 2018Qualitative quantitative mixed method 2018
Qualitative quantitative mixed method 2018Anis Amira
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodologyNeha Gupta
 
Survey Method in Research
Survey Method in ResearchSurvey Method in Research
Survey Method in ResearchJasmin Cruz
 
Lecture 6. univariate and bivariate analysis
Lecture 6. univariate and bivariate analysisLecture 6. univariate and bivariate analysis
Lecture 6. univariate and bivariate analysisDr Rajeev Kumar
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Case study method in research
Case study method in researchCase study method in research
Case study method in research
 
Qualitative research design in research in education
Qualitative research design in research in educationQualitative research design in research in education
Qualitative research design in research in education
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research Methods
 
Mixed method research
Mixed method researchMixed method research
Mixed method research
 
Mixed method research
Mixed method researchMixed method research
Mixed method research
 
Mixed Method Research
Mixed Method ResearchMixed Method Research
Mixed Method Research
 
Ppt of mixed method design
Ppt of mixed method designPpt of mixed method design
Ppt of mixed method design
 
Educational research need concept and types by purpose
Educational research need concept and types by purposeEducational research need concept and types by purpose
Educational research need concept and types by purpose
 
Mixed method
Mixed methodMixed method
Mixed method
 
Tools in Qualitative Research: Validity and Reliability
Tools in Qualitative Research: Validity and ReliabilityTools in Qualitative Research: Validity and Reliability
Tools in Qualitative Research: Validity and Reliability
 
Mixed methods research. newpptx
Mixed methods research. newpptxMixed methods research. newpptx
Mixed methods research. newpptx
 
Generalization and Interpretation of Research Results
Generalization and Interpretation of Research ResultsGeneralization and Interpretation of Research Results
Generalization and Interpretation of Research Results
 
Grounded theory
Grounded theoryGrounded theory
Grounded theory
 
Mixed research-methods (1)
Mixed research-methods (1)Mixed research-methods (1)
Mixed research-methods (1)
 
Qualitative quantitative mixed method 2018
Qualitative quantitative mixed method 2018Qualitative quantitative mixed method 2018
Qualitative quantitative mixed method 2018
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodology
 
Survey Method in Research
Survey Method in ResearchSurvey Method in Research
Survey Method in Research
 
Survey Design
Survey DesignSurvey Design
Survey Design
 
Lecture 6. univariate and bivariate analysis
Lecture 6. univariate and bivariate analysisLecture 6. univariate and bivariate analysis
Lecture 6. univariate and bivariate analysis
 
Qualitative research
Qualitative researchQualitative research
Qualitative research
 

Ähnlich wie Mixed method research

Mixed-Methods-Research-Mohammadi.pdf
Mixed-Methods-Research-Mohammadi.pdfMixed-Methods-Research-Mohammadi.pdf
Mixed-Methods-Research-Mohammadi.pdfHarunOrRashid70
 
Mixed Methods Research Designs
Mixed Methods Research DesignsMixed Methods Research Designs
Mixed Methods Research DesignsJibran Mohsin
 
Mixed Methods Designs
Mixed Methods DesignsMixed Methods Designs
Mixed Methods DesignsJibran Mohsin
 
qualitative
qualitativequalitative
qualitativeMasHeriK
 
ppt research method 1.ppt
ppt research method 1.pptppt research method 1.ppt
ppt research method 1.pptnovasyahminan
 
Developing Effective Research Proposals
Developing Effective Research ProposalsDeveloping Effective Research Proposals
Developing Effective Research Proposalsmahee tori
 
Mixed Methods Research Design
Mixed Methods Research DesignMixed Methods Research Design
Mixed Methods Research DesignSYIKIN MARIA
 
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCHQUALITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCHANUKU2
 
Survey Research Methods with Lynn Silipigni Connaway
Survey Research Methods with Lynn Silipigni ConnawaySurvey Research Methods with Lynn Silipigni Connaway
Survey Research Methods with Lynn Silipigni ConnawayLynn Connaway
 
Qualitative Research Methods in LIS
Qualitative Research Methods in LISQualitative Research Methods in LIS
Qualitative Research Methods in LISLynn Connaway
 
Qualitative Research Methods in LIS
Qualitative Research Methods in LISQualitative Research Methods in LIS
Qualitative Research Methods in LISOCLC
 
Qualitative data analysis - Martyn Hammersley
Qualitative data analysis - Martyn HammersleyQualitative data analysis - Martyn Hammersley
Qualitative data analysis - Martyn HammersleyOUmethods
 
Triangulation: An Approach to establish Credibility and Dependability of Qual...
Triangulation: An Approach to establish Credibility and Dependability of Qual...Triangulation: An Approach to establish Credibility and Dependability of Qual...
Triangulation: An Approach to establish Credibility and Dependability of Qual...sankarprasadmohanty
 
Differentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
Differentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Research DesignDifferentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
Differentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Research DesignDino Andrey
 

Ähnlich wie Mixed method research (20)

Mixed-Methods-Research-Mohammadi.pdf
Mixed-Methods-Research-Mohammadi.pdfMixed-Methods-Research-Mohammadi.pdf
Mixed-Methods-Research-Mohammadi.pdf
 
Mixed Methods Research Designs
Mixed Methods Research DesignsMixed Methods Research Designs
Mixed Methods Research Designs
 
Mixed Methods Designs
Mixed Methods DesignsMixed Methods Designs
Mixed Methods Designs
 
qualitative
qualitativequalitative
qualitative
 
ppt research method 1.ppt
ppt research method 1.pptppt research method 1.ppt
ppt research method 1.ppt
 
Developing Effective Research Proposals
Developing Effective Research ProposalsDeveloping Effective Research Proposals
Developing Effective Research Proposals
 
Mixed Methods Research Design
Mixed Methods Research DesignMixed Methods Research Design
Mixed Methods Research Design
 
Mixed Methods Research Design
Mixed Methods Research DesignMixed Methods Research Design
Mixed Methods Research Design
 
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCHQUALITATIVE RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 
Survey Research Methods with Lynn Silipigni Connaway
Survey Research Methods with Lynn Silipigni ConnawaySurvey Research Methods with Lynn Silipigni Connaway
Survey Research Methods with Lynn Silipigni Connaway
 
Qualitative Research Methods in LIS
Qualitative Research Methods in LISQualitative Research Methods in LIS
Qualitative Research Methods in LIS
 
Qualitative Research Methods in LIS
Qualitative Research Methods in LISQualitative Research Methods in LIS
Qualitative Research Methods in LIS
 
Sample Lecture
Sample LectureSample Lecture
Sample Lecture
 
Qualitative data analysis - Martyn Hammersley
Qualitative data analysis - Martyn HammersleyQualitative data analysis - Martyn Hammersley
Qualitative data analysis - Martyn Hammersley
 
LEAD 901 Chapter 10
LEAD 901 Chapter 10LEAD 901 Chapter 10
LEAD 901 Chapter 10
 
Triangulation: An Approach to establish Credibility and Dependability of Qual...
Triangulation: An Approach to establish Credibility and Dependability of Qual...Triangulation: An Approach to establish Credibility and Dependability of Qual...
Triangulation: An Approach to establish Credibility and Dependability of Qual...
 
Differentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
Differentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Research DesignDifferentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
Differentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design
 
Research design
Research designResearch design
Research design
 
RM
RMRM
RM
 
Research-Qualitative vs Quantitative research
Research-Qualitative vs Quantitative researchResearch-Qualitative vs Quantitative research
Research-Qualitative vs Quantitative research
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptxKarra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptxAshokKarra1
 
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTHEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONHumphrey A Beña
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...Postal Advocate Inc.
 
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdfInclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdfTechSoup
 
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...Seán Kennedy
 
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdfVirtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdfErwinPantujan2
 
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...Jisc
 
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Global Lehigh Strategic Initiatives (without descriptions)
Global Lehigh Strategic Initiatives (without descriptions)Global Lehigh Strategic Initiatives (without descriptions)
Global Lehigh Strategic Initiatives (without descriptions)cama23
 
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptxmary850239
 
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxMULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxAnupkumar Sharma
 
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERPWhat is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
 
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomnelietumpap1
 
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTSGRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTSJoshuaGantuangco2
 
Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) Orientation.pptx
Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) Orientation.pptxBarangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) Orientation.pptx
Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) Orientation.pptxCarlos105
 
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptxScience 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptxMaryGraceBautista27
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptxKarra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
 
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxYOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTHEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
 
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
 
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdfInclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
 
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
 
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdfVirtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
 
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17
How to Add Barcode on PDF Report in Odoo 17
 
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
 
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
 
Global Lehigh Strategic Initiatives (without descriptions)
Global Lehigh Strategic Initiatives (without descriptions)Global Lehigh Strategic Initiatives (without descriptions)
Global Lehigh Strategic Initiatives (without descriptions)
 
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
 
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxMULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
 
Raw materials used in Herbal Cosmetics.pptx
Raw materials used in Herbal Cosmetics.pptxRaw materials used in Herbal Cosmetics.pptx
Raw materials used in Herbal Cosmetics.pptx
 
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERPWhat is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
 
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
 
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTSGRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
 
Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) Orientation.pptx
Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) Orientation.pptxBarangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) Orientation.pptx
Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) Orientation.pptx
 
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptxScience 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
 

Mixed method research

  • 1. MIXED METHOD RESEARCH ATHIRA SANKAR . M FIRST M.Ed. N.S.S COLLEAGE OTTAPALAM
  • 2. WHAT IS MIXED RESEARCH? • Mixed methods researchis a procedurefor collecting, analyzing, and “mixing ” both quantitativeand qualitativemethods in a single study or a series of studentsto understanda researchproblem.- Creswell & Plano Clark (2011)
  • 4. COLLECTING BOTH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DATA QUANTITATIVE • Questionnaire • Survey • Census • Attendance Record • Checklists QUALITATIVE • Interviews • Observations • FGD • Documents Studies • Case-Study • Audio-visual materials
  • 5. FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING PERSPECTIVES ON MIXED METHODS Quantitativedata Qualitativedata Findings Findings Comparison Findings
  • 6. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS • Provide the rationale for the design • Include collecting qualitative and quantitative data • Consider priority • Consider sequence • Match the data analysis to a design
  • 7. REASONS FOR USING MIXED METHODS • To explainand interpret • To explorea phenomenon • To developand to test a new instrument. • To addressquestion at different level
  • 8. STRENGTHS? • Can be easy to describeand to report • Can help to generalizequalitativedata • Helpful in describingand validating an instrument • Can positionresearchin a transformative framework
  • 9. WEAKNESSES • Time required • Discrepanciesbetween differenttypes of data • Can be difficultto decidewhen t proceedin sequential designs. • Little guidanceon transformative methods