1. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
LECTURE 13
E-technologies. Electronic business. E-
learning. Electronic government

2. Lecture content
1. E-business: basic models of e-business
2. E-learning: the architecture, structure and platform
3. Electronic textbooks and intelligent tutoring systems
4. E-government: concepts, architecture, services
5. Digital signatures
6. Control questions

3. E-business: basic models of e-business
E-business is a form of business transaction where the interaction of the
parties is carried out electronically: via computer networks, via exchange of
electronic documents.
Basic models
B2B B2C C2C

4. E-learning: the architecture, structure and platform
E-learning refers to the educational process, which is characterized by systematic
and intensive use of modern information technologies and computer engineering.
E-learning is a complex system that consists of software and hardware, distributed
between servers and client computers.
LMS
Open source
initiatives
Proprietary
solutions

5. Electronic textbooks and intelligent tutoring systems
An electronic textbook is not only complex, but also a holistic didactic, methodological
and interactive software system. The electronic textbooks’ software should be
implemented with an eye to the most general didactic laws of the learning process and
methodological aspects of teaching specific disciplines or groups of disciplines.

6. E-government: concepts, architecture, services
E-government is the governance system, the system of interaction between the
authorities themselves, with citizens and enterprises using information
technologies (which should reduce red tape and increase the transparency of
government activity).
The use of ICT in governance can lead to one of the following key changes:
- Improving the quality and standards of existing management products and
delivered services;
- Provision of new government services and products to citizens/users;
- Strengthening citizens’/users’ participation in making decision on what
kind of products and state services should be provided and how;
- Introduction of the new social classes into the sphere of public
administration, including those that are more likely to remain out of the spotlight,
namely the poor, the illiterate, the disabled, migrants and internally displaced
persons.

7. E-government: concepts, architecture, services
E-government should be seen as a political process, which involves both political
leaders and citizens in order to ensure good governance, and to implement continuous
reforms in the governance processes. The development of the information society is
pushing many organizations to adoption of the "e-government" concept to:
Provide
services to
the public in
an
integrated
manner over
the Internet.
Overcome
the digital
divide.
Give an
opportunity
to the
people to
learn
throughout
their lives.
Rebuild the
relationship
with the
population.
Promote the
development
of the
economy.
Create new
forms of
governance
with greater
participation
of citizens.

8. Digital signatures
Documents which are circulating in the information society, ought to
ensure not only the presentation of data in digital form for transmission
over the network, but also ought to have certain validity. The paper
documents for this purpose use personal signature and stamp, which is a
legal guarantee of the authorship of the document, and special paper with
protective signs, which guarantees the authenticity of the document. In
order to give legal power to electronic documents one problem had to be
solved. This problem has mathematical, organizational and legal aspects.
The mathematical problem was to find the electronic equivalent of a
handwritten signature of the author, which will allow an unambiguous
identification of the author of the document.

9. Control Questions
What is e-commerce?
What are the main models of interaction between subjects of e-commerce?
What are the advantages of e-learning over the traditional one?
What is an electronic textbook?
What is e-government?
What kind of e-government services do you know?
What is a digital signature?
Where and for what purposes are digital signatures used?