Foundation Course lecture for 1st year MBBS Students

1. ALTERNATE HEALTH
SYSTEMS IN THE
COUNTRY
Dr. Ashwini Dongre
Assistant Professor
Dept of Community Medicine
RIMS, Adilabad

2. Objectives
 Introduction
 Classification of Alternate health systems
 AYUSH
 Diet therapies
 Manual healing therapies
 Biobehavioral therapies

3. Definition…
Alternative medicine are interventions that
differ from the traditional or conventional
biomedical treatment of disease.
Its an intervention that is used instead of
conventional medicine.

4. Evolution of Health since
Antiquity in India
• 3000 BC- Medicine in India originated
• 800- 600 AD- Golden period of Indian Medicine
• 800 BC- Atreya, 1st physician
• 800 BC – 400 AD- Sushruta (Sushruta Samhita)
• 200 AD- Charaka (Charaka Samhita)

5. INTRODUCTION…
Before independence:
GOI – traditional system of medicine
(ayurveda, siddha, unani,
homeopathy)
- non drug therapies
(yoga & naturopathy)

6. After independence…
• After 1947 GOI recognized merits of CAM.
• March 1995 - separate dept of Indian System
of Medicine & Homeopathy (ISM&H)
• Nov 2003 - Renamed as Department of
AYUSH
• Nov 2014 - A fully independent Ministry of
AYUSH was formed.

7. • 733 institutes offering UG courses
• 413 institutes offering PG courses
• National Health Policy of India:
- Functional linkage of AYUSH
- Inclusion of YOGA

8. TYPES OF POPULAR
ALTERNATE HEALTH
SYSTEMS IN THE COUNTRY

9. CLASSIFICATIONS….
• According to National Center for
Complementary & Alternative Medicine
(NCCAM):
Biologically based methods.
Energy medicine systems.
Manipulative & body based practices.
Mind body medicine systems.
Whole body medical systems

11. 1.BIOLOGICALLY BASED METHODS
• HERBAL MEDICINE
• DIET & NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTS.
• Biologically based practices use substances
found in nature such as herbs, foods, vitamins,
and other natural substances

12. 2.ENERGY MEDICINE SYSTEMS..
• ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELDS
• QIGONG
• THERAPEUTIC TOUCH
– Biofield therapies are intended to influence energy fields
that purportedly surround and penetrate the body.
– Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies use verifiable
electromagnetic fields, such as pulsed fields, alternating-
current or direct-current fields in an unconventional
manner.
https://youtu.be/PagvPM4Zt0o

13. 3.MANIPULATIVE & BODY
BASED PRACTICES..
• ACU-PUNCTURE
• CHIROPRACTIC
• AROMA THERAPY
• MASSAGE THERAPY
• Manipulative and body-based practices feature
manipulation or movement of body parts, such as is
done in chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation

14. 4. MIND BODY MEDICAL SYSTEM
• BIO-FEEDBACK
• HYPNOSIS
• TAI-CHI
• YOGA
• Mind-body medicine takes a holistic approach to
health that explores the interconnection between
the mind, body, and spirit. It works under the
premise that the mind can affect "bodily functions
and symptoms

15. 5.WHOLE BODY MEDICAL SYSTEM…
• HOMEOPATHY
• TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
Nutritional therapy
Massage
Meditation
Herbal treatment
Physical exercise
Acupuncture

16. AYURVEDA

17. Ayurveda…
• Traditional Hindu system of medicine.
• Practiced in India since 1st century AD
• Basic Principles: a) Panchmahabootas (Space, Air,
Fire, Water, Earth)
b) Tridosha theory

18. Ayurveda – health & sickness….
Health & sickness- depends on presence or
absence of balanced state of total body matrix.
Both intrinsic & extrinsic factors can cause
disturbance in natural equilibrium leads to
disease.
Cause of loss of equilibrium:
Irregular Diet
Undesirable habits
Improper exercise, incompatible action of
body & mind

19. Ayurveda – diagnosis …
General physical examination.
Pulse examination
Urine examination.
Examine skin, ear, tongue, eyes including
tactile & auditory functions.
Examination of feces.

20. AYURVEDA TREATMENT

21. Ayurveda - treatment
i. Regulating the diet & activity.
ii. Correcting life routine & behavior .
iii. Restoring to preventive panchakarma.
iv. Rasayana therapy.
v. Purification treatment.
vi. Palliative treatment
vii. Psychotherapy
viii. Avoidance of disease causative factor

22. TREATMENT CONTD….
1.Palliative treatment
Shamana Therapy: Elimination of vitiated
(humors) doshas
• (Exercise and sun rays, fresh air, appetizer)

23. 2. PURIFICATION TREATMENT
2.Shodhana Therapy:
Aim:
removal of causative factors of somatic
psychosomatic disease.
It is by - panchakarma

24. 3.Prescription of diet & activities…
3.Pathya Vyavastha:
• Its indications & contraindications in
respect of diet, activity, habits &
emotional status.
• Emphasis on dos & don'ts of diet to stimulate
agni & optimize digestion & assimilation of
food.

25. 4.Avoidance of disease causing &
aggravating factors…
4.Nidan parivarjan:
• This is to avoid the known disease causing
factors in diet & life style of the patient.
• It stress to refrain from precipitating &
aggravating disease factors.

26. YOGA THERAPY

27. YOGA…
• Yoga is a science of holistic living.
• “Yuj” means to unite or integrate total
initiations of physical ,mental ,intellectual and
spiritual aspects of human personality .
• It aims at the harmonious development of
body mind and soul.
• Uses: Treat Anxiety, Fatigue, Mental
disorders.

28. NATUROPATHY

29. Naturopathy…
Basic Principles:
Accumulation of morbid matter.
Lowered vitality.
Abnormal composition of blood & lymph.

30. Principles of naturopathy….
All disease, their cause, & their treatment are one.
The basic cause of disease is not bacteria.
(accumulation of morbid matter….)
Acute diseases are our friends not the enemies.
Chronic disease are the out comeof wrong treatment
& suppression of acute disease.
Nature is the greatest healer.
In naturopathy patient is treated not the disease.

31. Naturopathy principles contd…
Diagnosis is easily possible. No need for long
waiting.
Chronic ailments are also treated successfully.
Nature cure treats physical, mental, social & spiritual
simultaneously.
Nature cure treats body as a whole instead of giving
treatment to each organ separately.
It does not use medicines "food in medicine".

32. Diagnostic methods in naturopathy…
Facial diagnosis.
Iris diagnosis.
Modern clinical diagnosis.

33. Treatment methods in naturopathy…..
Air therapy
Massage therapy Mud therapy
Fire therapy
Hydro
therapy
Food therapy

35. UNANI MEDICINE

36. UNANI
• Greece
• Father: Hippocrates
• According to the principles and philosophy of Unani Medicine, disease is a natural
process,
• Its symptoms are the reactions of the body to the disease, and the chief function of
the physician is to aid the natural forces of the body.
• Principle: 2 theory
• Hippocratic theory of four humors
• Pythagorian theory of four proximate qualities

37. SIDDHA MEDICINE

38. SIDDHA MEDICINE….
Oldest medicine in India.
Meaning – achievement.
Father: Agastya
18 siddhars were formulated therapy from
nature.
BASIC PRINCIPLE: TRIGUNA THEORY
1) Vatam
2) Pittam
3) Karpam

39. MATERIA MEDICA…
SIDDHA SYSTEM has developed a rich &
unique treasure of drug knowledge by use of
metals & minerals.
25 varieties of water soluble inorganic
compounds called UPPU. (alkali &salts.)
64 varieties of mineral drugs insoluble in water
but vapors when put in fire.
32 of these are natural & 32 are artificial.

40. Materia medica contd..
System has classified into metals & alloys which melt
when heated & solidifies when cooled
They are
silver
copper
iron
gold
lead
These are incinerated in special process & used in
medicine.

41. Siddha contd…
Disease treated:
All types of disease other than emergencies.
All types of skin problem –
Psoriasis,
STD, UTI,
Disease of liver, &
GI tract, general disability,
Postpartum anemia, diarrhea &
General fever, allergic disorder, arthritis.

42. Diagnosis in siddha medicine
• Identification of the cause
• Examination of : pulse
urine,
tongue,
colour of the body &
digestive system.

43. Care of women's health….
Siddha strongly advocate breast feeding.
It believes in food itself in medicine.
Nursing & lactating mothers are advised iron,
protein & fiber rich diet to prevent nutritional
disorders.
Once in 15 days mothers are advised to take
deworming .
It also treat menopausal syndromes especially
problem with hormonal imbalance.

45. Homeopathy…
Father: Dr. Samuel Hahnemann
Its based on main law :
Similia, similibus, curantur – similars
are similar.
Disease cause:
Disturbance in vital force leads disease.
Living against nature.
Improper diet.
Day to-day life stress.

46. Homeopathy principles….
Similar symptoms cure a disease expressing with
similar symptoms.
Any particular symptom in its substance form in the
human body produces a set of symptoms in the
human body.
To get rid off the same sets of symptoms of a diseased
individual when given in a refined/ defined form.
Single Medicine
Small dose

47. Homeopathy…
 Currently 3000 remedies documented for human illness.
 Main aim:
 Revitalize the injured vital force.
 No side effects of the medicine in human organism.
 Treatment without surgeries:
 Sinusitis, tonsillitis, hemorrhoids, renal calculi, fissure &
fistula in ano, disc prolapse.

48. DIET THERAPIES

49. DIET THERAPIES…
1.GERSON THERAPY
• The Gerson Therapy is a powerful, natural
treatment that activates the body's own
healing mechanism through consuming
organic vegetarian foods and juices,
detoxification and natural supplements.

50. 2.KELLY REGIMEN
• The Kelley regimen is a metabolic therapy that
became one of the most well-known alternative
cancer treatments in the 1970s.
• It was developed in the early 1960s by an
orthodontist, William Kelley
• The Kelley regimen includes drinking juices,
receiving coffee enemas, and taking nutritional
supplements such as pancreatic enzymes.

51. 3.KETOGENIC DIET
• The ketogenic diet is a high fat, adequate
protein, low carbohydrate diet, primarily used
to treat refractory epilepsy in children

52. 4. MACROBIOTIC DIET
• Dietary regimen that involves eating grains as
a staple food supplemented with other
foodstuffs such as vegetables and beans, and
avoiding the use of highly processed or refined
foods.

53. HERBAL MEDICINE

54. HERBAL THERAPIES
• Chinese herbs are used specially as antiviral
and energy immune boosters, to support the
stressed organs during chemotherapy and
pain caused by radiation therapy.

55. MANUAL HEALING THERAPIES

56. ACUPUNCTURE

57. ACUPUNCTURE
• The term "acupuncture" describes a family of
procedures involving the stimulation of anatomical
points on the body using a variety of techniques.
• The acupuncture technique that has been most often
studied scientifically involves penetrating the skin
with thin, solid, metallic needles that are manipulated
by the hands or by electrical stimulation.
• https://youtu.be/JnKPNw9K2Ng

58. BIO-BEHAVIOURAL THERAPIES

59. 1.BIO-FEEDBACK
• Biofeedback is a non-invasive
form of treatment.
• The therapist attaches sensors or
electrodes to the body and these
sensors provide a variety of readings.
• https://www.chop.edu/video/using-
biofeedback-therapy-bowel-
movements

60. 2.IMAGERY
Treats stress,
pain, tension
& diversion.

61. 3.MUSIC THERAPY
To divert the patients mind from pain.

62. OTHER THERAPIES

63. 1.AROMA THERAPIES
• The modes of application of aromatherapy include:
• Aerial diffusion: for environmental fragrancing or
aerial disinfection
• Direct inhalation: for respiratory disinfection,
decongestion, expectoration as well as psychological
effects
• Topical applications: for general massage, baths,
compresses, therapeutic skin care.

64. 2. ART THERAPY
• Art therapy is a form of expressive therapy
that uses art materials, such as paints, chalk
and markers.

65. 3.HYDRO THERAPY
• It's the generic term for water therapies using jets,
underwater massage and mineral baths
• Cold Plunge
• Balneotherapy
• Thalassotherapy

66. HYDRO-THERAPY

67. 4.REFLEXOLOGY
• In reflexology areas of the foot are believed to
correspond to the organs or structures of the
body

68. 5. HYPNOTHERAPY

70. Thank you..