Sustainable development Goals

1. Sustainable Development Goals
Presenter: Dr Ashok Chandana
PG, UCMS GTBH, Delhi

2. UN Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm (1972)
“We do not wish to impoverish the environment any further and yet we
cannot for a moment forget the grim poverty of large numbers of
people, Are not poverty and need the greatest polluters?“
-Mrs. Indira Gandhi

3. What is Sustainable Development?
• The Brundtland /WCED definition “… development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs”
• This definition was based on three sphere framework proposed by
Renne Passet
• Social/ equity
• Economy
• Environment/ ecology

4. Three sphere framework of Sustainable Development
Social
EconomicEnvironmental
Equitable
Sustainable
Viable
Bearable

5. Sustainable Development
What to be Sustained What to be Developed
Biodiversity Social equality
Natural Habitats Economic security
Ecosystem Food and water security
Evolutionary Potential Home security
Climate Human health
Cultural Heritage Education
Stabilized population

6. Sustainable Development
• 1992: Rio, Earth summit
Goal: Economic growth, social improvement and environmental
protection, focusing on reducing poverty while providing job
growths, clean energy and more fair suitable use of resources
Outcome: Agenda 21
2000: UN Millennium Declaration
(International Human Rights laws + treaties on sustainable
development)
2002: Johannesburg, Earth summit-2
Outcome: Johannesburg declaration, 300 initiatives of partnerships
All were meant to achieve to MDGs

7. MDGs
• MDGs originated from UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
• It emphasized three areas- Human capital, Infrastructure and Human
rights.
• Human capital- nutrition, healthcare and education
• Infrastructure- access to safe drinking water, energy and modern
technology and environment
• Human rights: empowering women, reducing violence, ensuring
equal access to public services

8. Post 2015 Agenda
• 2012- Rio, Earth summit-3
Green economy roadmap Vs To establish new SD goals
to better protect the environment,
guarantee food and power to poorest and
alleviate poverty.
Outcome: “Future We Want for All”
Led to SDG

9. Post 2015 Agenda
• 2013: High-Level Political forum on the Post-2015 Development
Agenda
To provide political leadership, guidance and recommendation for SD
• National Consultations
• These are forums to exchange ideas for a shared vision of "The World We
Want",
• in an open process tailored to country contexts.
• Includes governments, civil society, the private sector, media, universities and
think tanks.

10. Post 2015 Agenda
• Sustainable Development Solutions Network - led by Jeffrey Sachs
• Is a global, independent network of research centres, universities and
technical institutions
• It was mandated to provide technical support to establish and
implement the SDGs
• Produced a report titled “An action agenda for Sustainable
Development”, and an indicator report to support the SDGs.

11. The final lap of SDG negotiation
• 25th Sept, 2015 – New York Summit
• Intergovernmental negotiations on Post- 2015 Development Agenda
• Agreed Outcome Document, “Transforming Our World” or
Sustainable Development Goals”
• Ban Ki-Moon clustered SDGs into five “essential elements”:
prosperity, peace, partnership, planet, people.

12. Five elements of SDGs
• People: End poverty and hunger in all forms and ensure dignity and
equality
• Prosperity: ensure prosperous and fulfilling lives in harmony with
nature
• Planet: protect our planet’s natural resources and climate for future
generation
• Peace: foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies
• Partnership: to implement the agenda

13. “There is no cause greater than shaping a world, in which every life that
enters it can look to a future of security, opportunity and dignity; and,
where we leave our environment in better shape for the next
generation. And, no cause that is more challenging”
-Mr. Narendra Modi
Security, opportunity, dignity
Environment
Future
Challenges

14. Architecture Of SDG
Continuing MDGs
1) No Poverty
2) Zero Hunger
3) Good Health and Well-Being for
people
4) Quality Education
5) Gender Equality
6) Clean Water and Sanitation
7) Affordable and Clean Energy
17) Partnerships for the Goals
Sustainable economic
development
8) Decent Work and Economic
Growth
9) Industry, Innovation and
Infrastructure
10) Reduced Inequalities
New aspects of SD
11) Sustainable Cities and
Communities
12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
13) Climate Change
14) Life Below Water
15) Life on Land
16) Peace, Justice and Strong
Institutions

15. SDGs

16. MDG : How India fared
Goal/target
Indicator
Base line status Latest status
for MDG
evaluation
MDG
Target
Status
MDG 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER
TARGET 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a
day
Proportion of population below poverty line (%) 47.8
(1990)
21.9
(2011-12)
23.9 Achieved
TARGET 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Proportion of under-weight children below 3 years(%) 52
(1990 est)
33.7
NFHS 4, 2015-
16)
26 In
Progress
Source: Achieving Millennium Development Goals Target Year Factsheet – India, GOI (2017)

17. Indicator Base line Status Latest status
for MDG
Evaluation
MDG Target Status
MDG 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
TARGET 3: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full
course of primary schooling
Net Enrolment Ratio in primary grade (%) 77 87.41 (2014-
15)
100 In
Progress
Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach
grade 5
86.05
(2011-12)
100 In
progress
MDG 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN
TARGET 4 : Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005,
and in all levels of education no later than 2015
Achieved
Gender Parity Index of GER in primary education 0.75 1.03 (2014) 1
Gender Parity Index of GER in secondary
education
0.60 (1991) 1.01 (2014) 1
Gender Parity Index of GER in tertiary education 0.54 (1991) 0.92 (2014) 1

18. Indicator Base line
status
Latest status for
MDG Evaluation
MDG
Target
Status
MDG 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
TARGET 5 : Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Under- Five Morality Rate
Nearly
Achieved
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 126 (1990) 42 (2015) 43
Infant Mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 80 (1990) 37 (2015) 27
MDG 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
TARGET 6 : Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
In Progress
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 437 (1990) 167 (2011-13) 109

19. 2012
Indicator Base line
status
Latest for MDG
Evaluation
MDG
Target
Status
MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES
TARGET 7 : Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Achieved
HIV Prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-
24 years ( % )
0.86 (2004) 0.32 (2012-13) Reversal of
trend
TARGET 8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major
diseases
Achieved
Annual parasite incidence (API) rate (Malaria) 2.57 (1990) 0.89 (2014) Reversal
Of
trend
Prevalence of TB (including HIV) per 100,000
population
338 (1990) 167 (2014)
Deaths due to TB per 100,000 population 43 (1990) 17 (2014)

20. Goal/Target Status
MDG 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
TARGET 9: Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country policies and
programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources.
In progress
TARGET 10: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe
drinking water and basic sanitation
Achieved
In progress
MDG 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
TARGET 18 : In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new
technologies, especially information and communications
Achieved

22. Strengths of MDGs
• Simple, clear and time-bound framework that is easy to communicate and
measure.
• Successful in making an attempt at international target setting in the field
of development
• Progress towards the poverty reduction, women empowerment,
health and education
• Encouraged investment that led to innovation and scaled-up new
interventions.
• Measuring results made a positive impact on data systems and improved
country data availability.
• Increased monitoring highlighted importance of accountability involving a
cyclical process of monitoring, review and remedial action

23. Limitations of MDGs
• Ignored within country inequalities, thus poorest and hardest to
reach population were left behind.
• Focused on attainment of particular goal at the expense of others.
• MDGs was applied as one-size-fits-all planning instruments with
targets that every country can meet. But, Global targets are less
useful for countries with a low starting point or in conflict situations.

24. What’s new with SDGs
MDG SDG
Mainly for developing countries Universal – for ALL countries
8 soloed goals for development 17 goals, 169 targets, integrating 3 dimensions of SD
From UN Secretariat Negotiated by Member States with stronger country
ownership
Means of Implementation (MoI) and
monitoring not defined in advance
MoI and monitoring is defined

25. The Health Goal
• Paragraph 26 of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development addresses
health as follows:
“To promote physical and mental health and well being, and to extend life
expectancy for all, we must achieve universal health coverage and access to
quality health care. No one must be left behind. We commit to accelerating
the progress made to date in reducing newborn, child and maternal
mortality by ending all such preventable deaths before 2030. We are
committed to ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health-
care services, including for family planning, information and education. We
will equally accelerate the pace of progress made in fighting malaria,
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, hepatitis, Ebola and other communicable diseases
and epidemics, including by addressing growing antimicrobial resistance and
the problem of unattended diseases affecting developing countries. We are
committed to the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases,
including behavioral, developmental and neurological disorders, which
constitute a major challenge for sustainable development.”

26. Achieve universal health coverage
Retained MDGs
Reduce maternal mortality ratio
End preventable deaths of
newborns and children under five
years of age
End the epidemics of AIDS,
tuberculosis, malaria and NTDs and
combat hepatitis, waterborne
diseases and other communicable
diseases
Universal access to reproductive
health-care services
Means of Implementation
World Health Organization
Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control
Research and development of
vaccines and medicines for the
diseases that primarily affect
developing countries
Increase health financing and the
recruitment, development and
training of the health workforce
Strengthen the capacity for early
warning, risk reduction and
management of national and global
health risks
New
Reduce by one third premature
mortality from non-communicable
diseases
Strengthen the prevention and
treatment of substance abuse,
including narcotic drug abuse and
harmful use of alcohol
By 2020, halve the number of
global deaths and injuries from
road traffic accidents
Reduce the no. of deaths and
illnesses from hazardous chemicals
and air, water and soil pollution
and contamination

27. Directly related to health Indirectly related to health

28. Challenges:
• Effective leadership, coordinated partnerships, investments and
effective data collection
• Leadership is essential for progress in relation to policy change,
legislation, investment, implementation, advocacy, and popular
representation
• To adopt a meaningful standard of basic needs worldwide, i.e., access
to safe and sustainable water and sanitation, adequate nutrition,
primary health services, and basic infrastructure
• Economic shifts to sustainable patterns of production and
consumption may cause transient economic slow down
• Lack of social inclusion, widespread regional disparities and
urban-rural gaps, gender inequality

29. • Some countries already facing economic downturn, violent conflicts,
biodiversity loss, degradation of water, drylands, forests, and climate
change
• Large in number and too wide in their scope. It is a challenge to
create and maintain public awareness, mobilization, advocacy, and
continuity for 17 goals and 169 targets
• Some aspirational and unachievable target,
(for example, target 3.2 to “end preventable deaths of newborns and under-five children” or
target 3.3 to end the epidemics of AIDS, TB, and malaria
• Some vague and immeasurable targets
example, SDG3 - “well-being for all” and “to achieve UHC”

30. Opportunities:
• To achieve the sustainable development collectively by the
committed leadership, conviction and courage.
• To highlight the interdependence of health and the themes of
education, growth, population, energy and governance
• To present health as a precondition for social sustainability and
progress to prosperity
• Complementary benefits from specific goals and targets
• To be supported by multi stakeholder partnerships, i.e. governments,
private organizations, international organizations, civil society,
research and educational institutions.

31. Thank You