1. The Development of Learning Management Strategy
by Integrating Constructivism Theory
and Connectivism Approach to Develop
The 21st
Century Skills Of Secondary Students
I-SEEC 2014
http//iseec2014.udru.ac.th
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand
Arunrat Bamrungchit
Under the guidance of:
Dr. Chatchai Muangpathom
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Somchai Vollakitkasemsakul
Asst. Prof. Dr.Praweenya Suwannattachot
Ph.D. Thesis
Learning Management Program, Graduate School, Udon Thani Rajaphat University

2. Presentation Outline
1. Introduction
1.1 Research Questions
1.2 Objective of the research
1.3 Research Methodology
2. The relevant theory
2.1 Constructivism: An overview of the learning theory
2.2 Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age
3. Finding
4. Conclusion
5. Recommendations
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

3. 1.Introduction
The Eleventh National Economic and Social
Development Plan B.E. 2555 – 2559
The Eleventh National Economic and Social
Development Plan B.E. 2555 – 2559
The policies of the Ministry of EducationThe policies of the Ministry of Education
Thai students showed less than stellar results
on TIMMS, PISA and O-NET
Thai students showed less than stellar results
on TIMMS, PISA and O-NET
The World Class Standard School policy
21st
Century Skills
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

4. 1.1 Research Questions
1. What are the key elements and the procedure of
Learning Management Strategy by Integrating
Constructivism theory and Connectivism approach to
develop the 21st century skills of students?
2. Does using Learning Management Strategy by
Integrating Constructivism theory and Connectivism
approach enhance the 21st
century skills of students?
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

5. 1.2 Objective of the research
1. to develop Learning Management Strategy
by integrating Constructivism theory and
Connectivism approach.
2. to study the efficiency of learning management
strategy by integrating Constructivism theory
and Connectivism approach
on 21st
Century Skills.
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

6. 1.3 Research Methodology
The methodology of the research is a mixed methods, can be divided into 3 phases:The methodology of the research is a mixed methods, can be divided into 3 phases:
Phase One
Preliminary data collection and
analysis
Objective
•To brief the problem in teaching
•To summarize the learning theory
for LMS
Activities
•Development of unstructured
interviews
•Preliminary data collection
•Preliminary analysis of qualitative
data
Sampling
• 5 experts and 10 teachers
Data collection
• Unstructured interviews
• Focused literature review
Outputs
•Phase One report, including
focused literature review, findings
Phase Two
Development LMS
Starting point
• Phase One Report
Objective
•Development of Learning
Management Strategy
Activities
• Focus Group
• In-depth data collection
• Strategy Evaluation
Data collection
•Document
•Secondary analysis of qualitative
data
•Strategy-evaluation tools
Outputs
•Learning Management Strategy
Phase Three
Implementation of LMS
Starting point
•Phase Two data (LMS)
Objective
•To study the effect of learning
management strategy in 21st
century skills
Activities
• teaching and learning
management approach
Sampling
• Secondary school students
(divided into 2 groups)
Data collection
•Analytical thinking Skill test
•Information Literacy Test
•Social Responsibility Test
Outputs
•The development of 21st
century
skillsFigure 1: Research Methodology
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

7. Programming
drill and
practice
Computer based
training (CBT)
with multimedia
Internet-based
training (IBT) e-Learning
Social software+
free and open
content
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
2000 2005
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Constructivism
Connectivism
The evolution of learning theories were Behaviorism, Cognitivism
to Constructivism and then Connectivism (Schwier, 2008)
2. The relevant theory
Figure 2: The relevant theory
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

8. 2. The relevant theory
• Constructivism: An overview of the learning
theory (Bruner, 1966 ; Vygotsky, 1978)
– Behaviorism viewed knowledge as an object, which is
occupied by a process induced by stimuli to achieve
implementation.
– Cognitivism viewed that human learning as the
computer process.
– Constructivism viewed that human knowledge is
created through his own experiences.
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

9. • Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age
( Siemens, 2009 ; Downes, 2007)
– knowledge. Connectivism and networked learning, open new worlds
and create new knowledge.
– Connectivism emphasizes the primacy of the connection, connections are formed
at various levels: neural, cognitive/conceptual, and social.
– The sheer quantity of information available to most people today
is overwhelming.
– How can we cope? How can existing theories of learning assist us in
embracing information as a continual process, rather than an event.
– Looking to our history reveals the prominence of technology in opening
new doors, technology is an enabler of new opportunities,
the internet is truly a unique invention that ties together the globe.
– Connectivism brings together concepts from different domains
in a novel way.
– Connectivism is unique in bringing together ideas of neuroscience,
cognitive science, network theory, complex systems,
and related disciplines.
2. The relevant theory
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

10. Principles of Constructivism
1. Sensory input and making meaning
2. Learning is layered
3. Learning occurs in the mind
4. Learning involves language
5. Learning is a social activity
6. Learning is contextual
7. Knowledge is necessary for learning
8. Learning takes time; not spontaneous
9. Motivation is a necessary component
Principles of Constructivism
1. Sensory input and making meaning
2. Learning is layered
3. Learning occurs in the mind
4. Learning involves language
5. Learning is a social activity
6. Learning is contextual
7. Knowledge is necessary for learning
8. Learning takes time; not spontaneous
9. Motivation is a necessary component
Principles of Connectivism
1. Diversity of Learning and knowledge
2. Learning is a process of connecting
3. Learning may reside in non-human appliances.
4. Capacity to know more critical
5. Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed to
facilitate continual learning.
6. Ability to see connections between ideas, and concepts
is a core skill.
7. Currency is the intent of all connectivist learning
activities.
8. Decision-making is itself a learning process.
Principles of Connectivism
1. Diversity of Learning and knowledge
2. Learning is a process of connecting
3. Learning may reside in non-human appliances.
4. Capacity to know more critical
5. Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed to
facilitate continual learning.
6. Ability to see connections between ideas, and concepts
is a core skill.
7. Currency is the intent of all connectivist learning
activities.
8. Decision-making is itself a learning process.
The Collogation in Constructivism and Connectivism
1. The ability to link the new experience and prior knowledge.
2. Have the knowledge to select and change information to assist in decision making in learning.
3. Activities linked to learning.
4. Learning depends on the context of the study and a social activity.
5. Learning takes time, focuses on understanding and student's performance, students create their own knowledge and responsibility
to themselves and social.
6. Use technology ethically and not piracy lead to activities that are beneficial to society.
21st
Century Skills ( Analytical Thinking, Information Literacy and Social Responsibility)
The Collogation in Constructivism and Connectivism
1. The ability to link the new experience and prior knowledge.
2. Have the knowledge to select and change information to assist in decision making in learning.
3. Activities linked to learning.
4. Learning depends on the context of the study and a social activity.
5. Learning takes time, focuses on understanding and student's performance, students create their own knowledge and responsibility
to themselves and social.
6. Use technology ethically and not piracy lead to activities that are beneficial to society.
21st
Century Skills ( Analytical Thinking, Information Literacy and Social Responsibility)
Learning Management Strategy by Integrating Constructivism Theory And Connectivism ApproachLearning Management Strategy by Integrating Constructivism Theory And Connectivism Approach
The conceptual framework to develop Learning Management Strategy
by Integrating Constructivism Theory and Connectivism Approach

11. 3. Finding
The findings from the research are incomplete, because now
the research is in the process of Strategy Implementation (phase 2)
and phase 3 will be end on February 2015.
The preliminary findings are summarized as follow;
• The Learning Management Strategy by Integrating
Constructivism theory and Connectivism approach are
schematically illustrated in figure 2. They consist of:
(1) Strategy Planning;
(2) Strategy Implementation
(3) Strategy Evaluation.
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

12. Constructivism Connectivism
Learning Management Strategy
by Integrating Constructivism theory and Connectivism approach
Strategy Planning Strategy EvaluationStrategy Implementation
Data gathering
measurement
-Evaluation of learning
and teaching
- Unit-specific
self-evaluation
-Students Outcomes
- Feedback
1. Define and Decide
4. Assessment
3. Feedback
2. Focus on
- Data gathering
- Experts interviews
- Teachers interviews
- Focus Group
- Define Strategy
- Develop strategy
and Learning Model
- Checked by experts
Learning Model : DFFA
21st
Century Skills (Analytical Thinking, Information Literacy, Social

13. 4. Conclusion
• Learning Management Strategy by Integrating Constructivism theory and
Connectivism approach as a process that integrates design to allow
teachers to generate useful educational interventions and effective theory
for solving individual and collective problems of education. It describes
the fundamental nature of all forms of strategy in order to help us better
about strategy, and not just an academic exercise, but necessary to
establish strategy as a high paradigm methodology, to better teach this
learning management strategy to new design researchers, to acquire
more resources, and ultimately to accumulate theory relevant to practice.
• By formally defining Learning Management Strategy by Integrating
Constructivism theory and Connectivism approach, we establish its
credibility as a legitimate methodology of learning management strategy.
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

14. 5. Recommendations
• A practical next step for continuing this study would be to find
out which of the step in the strategy are most commonly
mentioned. Producing some type of strategy by enabling
more weight to be placed on certain issues than others could
aid in improving retention efforts by pointing out which areas
should be given priority.
• As for the future research opportunities, after the strategy
is established and more data is available, changes in the
variables can be tested to see if they improve another
21st
century skills of students.
6th
International Science, SocialSciences, Engineering and Energy Conference, 17-19 December, 2014, Prajaktra Design Hotel, UdonThani, Thailand

15. Thank you for attending