Community Presentation

Bowling and Being Alone in the Community: Thinking about Community Social Scientifically,[object Object],What is community?,[object Object],The sociological perspective and Symbols,[object Object],Some Theories/Explanations,[object Object]

Robert Putnam has been described as one of the most influential social scientists in the world today. ,[object Object],The ideas in Bowling Alone seems to have struck a chord with many concerned with the state of social and public life.,[object Object],Tonight Dr. Guadalupe, Dr. Pierce, and I explore community, identity, and agency from our different disciplinary perspectives.,[object Object],Bowling Alone in the Community,[object Object]

Exercise in Thinking about Community,[object Object],Take two minutes to write down all the words or images that you think of when someone says the word "Community.“,[object Object],What do you see?,[object Object],What should appear?,[object Object],What do you imagine?,[object Object],What does it feel like?,[object Object],What should it feel like?,[object Object]

Thinking about Community,[object Object],Where do you live? ,[object Object],What is a community? ,[object Object],What kind of community do you live in? ,[object Object],Would you describe your community as urban or rural? ,[object Object],What kind of physical features are found in your community? ,[object Object],Are you proud of your community?,[object Object],How does your community compare to others?,[object Object],What do you know about your community's past?,[object Object],How does your community celebrate the past?,[object Object],Characteristics,[object Object],Comparisons,[object Object]

Take two minutes to write down all the words or images that you think of when someone says the word “Internet.“,[object Object],What do you see?,[object Object],What should appear?,[object Object],What do you imagine?,[object Object],What does it feel like?,[object Object],What should it feel like?,[object Object],Exercise 2: Internet,[object Object]

What are the common characteristics that you believe represent use of the Internet?,[object Object],What do you use?,[object Object],Why do you use it/them?,[object Object],Internet Characteristics,[object Object]

Community Development & Change,[object Object],Who are the leaders of your community? ,[object Object],How do you think people have changed the way your community looks over the years? ,[object Object],What are some of the things people have done to improve your community? ,[object Object],How might you contribute to your community?,[object Object]

There has been a lot of discussion by social scientists about what community is, but we can ask: who defines community? ,[object Object],Should the people who belong (or might belong) to a community decide what it is and whether they are in or out? ,[object Object],Or is it social scientists and professionals who really decide who is part of a community?,[object Object],Who defines community?,[object Object]

What is community? ,[object Object],People use the word when talking about their neighbors, their friends, entire racial groups, international politics, national identity groups, you name it. It's an everyday word. ,[object Object],But have we have stopped to think about what community really is and what it means to us – as members of the community – personally?,[object Object],Community is a word,[object Object]

'"Community" is one of those words…bandied around in ordinary, everyday speech, apparently readily intelligible to speaker and listener, which… however, causes immense difficulty'(Cohen, 1985: 11),[object Object],Difficulty in Defining It,[object Object]

When we think about communities most people think about a particular place, a geographical location for the community, such as the Dayton Community or the University of Dayton Community. ,[object Object],The geographical community can be a town, a suburb, or even a small section of a suburb. There might be a few communities in the same town. ,[object Object],There are other times when a town might be only part of a community, such as when he community involves the rural areas outside town, or two towns are closely linked.,[object Object],The Centrality of Place,[object Object]

Do you think community is a thing? a system? a process? ,[object Object],By system I mean an interconnected set of parts which are capable of acting as a whole. By process I mean that it has an observable operation or action. ,[object Object],We can ask: is community a thing which exists apart from us? Or is it something that we are part of? Or is it something that we do together?,[object Object],What is a community?,[object Object]

According to Anthony Cohen, when we use the word ‘community’, what we are doing is establishing a symbolic boundary around a class of people. ,[object Object],That is, we are using language to mark a difference between people inside and those outside the ‘community’. ,[object Object],[object Object],A group or category of people, who have something in common with each other, which distinguishes them in a significant way from other groups.,[object Object],Sociological View of Community,[object Object]

Community implies those inside are similar to each other and different from others. ,[object Object],It creates a bond between some people and excludes others. ,[object Object],Attachment,[object Object],Involvement,[object Object],Commitment,[object Object],Belief,[object Object],Thus community implies and creates a boundary between us and them, inside a group and outside a group.,[object Object],We are connected,[object Object]

This boundary is marked in symbolic ways.,[object Object],There are many types of symbol which mark the boundaries of community - flags, badges, colors, dances, languages and more. ,[object Object],The point is that we are creating distinctions,[object Object],Symbols and Boundaries,[object Object]

Symbols (including symbolic words) always carry a range of meanings whose differences can be glossed over. ,[object Object],So, it is possible to share the symbols without sharing the meanings.,[object Object],What does it mean to be an American?,[object Object],The use of symbols is important,[object Object]

‘Community’ is one such boundary marking symbol. ,[object Object],As a symbol it is held in common by all the members, but its meaning might vary with each member’s unique understanding of it. ,[object Object],According to Cohen, people construct community symbolically, making community a resource and a repository of meaning, and a point of reference for their social identity.,[object Object],Community as Boundary,[object Object]

These enquiries into the fate of collective social forms played an integral role in defining some of the key debates of sociological inquiry as a whole - captured, for example, in the theoretical and conceptual 'dualisms' between 'individual' and 'society', 'structure' and 'agency', and 'freedom' and 'constraint'. ,[object Object],Why Theory Matters ,[object Object]

Rationalization,[object Object],Interpretations of actors,[object Object],Organization and Community,[object Object],Max Weber explored the emergence of a 'disenchanted' modern world in which older forms of authority and moral direction increasingly gave way to a more rationalized and individualistic existence (Weber, 1930).,[object Object],Max Weber and Community,[object Object]

Division of Labor in Society,[object Object],Mechanical vs. Organic Social Solidarity,[object Object],The modern 'loss of community' was enshrined in FerdnandTönnies (1957) celebrated distinction between pre-modern Gemeinshaft (community) and modern Gesellschaft (society), and in Emile Durkheim's (1964) famous distinction between 'mechanical' and 'organic' solidarity.,[object Object],Emile Durkheim and Community,[object Object]

The Great Good Place – Place is Key,[object Object],Where do we make solidarity?,[object Object],Where do we establish boundaries?,[object Object],How do we symbolically establish community?,[object Object],Oldenberg and Community,[object Object]

Putnam and Community,[object Object],Where is community established and reinforced?,[object Object],What happens when community fails?,[object Object],In 1975 the average American entertained friends at home 15 times per year; the equivalent figure (1998) is now less than half that. ,[object Object],Virtually all leisure activities that involve doing something with someone else, from playing volleyball to playing chamber music, are declining.,[object Object]

…is social interaction,[object Object],share feeling,[object Object],build social identity,[object Object],pool collective intelligence,[object Object],interpret collectively,[object Object],act reciprocally ,[object Object],According to Nancy Baym,[object Object],Internet and Community,[object Object]

Has the Internet transformed what it means to be in a community?,[object Object],Communities are created more rapidly and successfully now than ever before, with consequences not just for their own experience, but for everyone involved in the activity. ,[object Object],But what if you cannot participate?,[object Object],Online, people are making a new kind of belonging that transcends place and shakes up long-standing balances of power. Or does it?,[object Object],Internet and Community,[object Object]

“Downloading of music, movies, games and programs,[object Object],is only one side of the story as well. On the other hand,[object Object],there is communities, blogs, websites with loads of,[object Object],information, free information of high and low (THE,[object Object],lowest) quality everywhere, all the time and it's,[object Object],increasing by the minute. It goes hand in hand with,[object Object],the downloading of music, movies, programs and,[object Object],games. It's stressful, highpaced, superficial and at,[object Object],times very rewarding. It's a world of culture under,[object Object],ongoing change at a level so basic that it probably will,[object Object],have replaced the old system completely in a couple of,[object Object],years. 4 years, counting from last Thursday, is our,[object Object],guess.”,[object Object],- Hybris Records blog,[object Object],Nature & Pace of Interaction Online,[object Object]

How do YOU build community here at UD?,[object Object],How do YOU participate in activities?,[object Object],Attachment?,[object Object],Involvement?,[object Object],Commitment?,[object Object],Belief?,[object Object],What do you think?,[object Object]

Thank you for listening…,[object Object]

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