1. Home Science
Part-B
Chapter-1
(Beginning of Motherhood)
Que1. Which vaccine is given to protect a pregnant woman and her child from tetanus
and when?
Ans: To protect a pregnant woman and her child from tetanus, the Tetanus oxide diet
should be given in 5th
month and second diet after 6-8 week.
Que 2 What is gene? With what chemical it is made up of ?
Ans: The basic unit of heredity is called gene. The independent units which determines
inherited characteristics are called genes. It is made up of Chemical named DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Que3. What do you mean by identical twins ?
Ans: Identical twins are developed from same ovum. These are always of same type of
sex and they resemble with each other.
Que4. What do you mean by Fraternal twins ?
Ans: Fraternal twins are born when 2 ovums are released at same time and sperms
divide both them separately. These children are born with same or different sex.
Que5 Define heart burn during Pregnancy?
Ans: It is a digestive disturbance not really associated with heart. It is caused by
increased pressure on the stomach from the enlarging uterus.
Que 6. What do you mean by IVF In Vitro Fertilization ?
Ans: In IVF, a surgical syringe is used to remove a mature egg from ovary and it is placed
in dish of nutrients to which sperms are added. When the ovum start dividing in , then it
is inserted in mother’s womb.
Que 7. What do you mean by Umbilical Cord ?
Ans: Umbilical Cord provides nourishment and filters away waste product from the
developing baby.
Que 8. What do you mean by Nausea during pregnancy ?
Ans: Nausea is also called Morning Sickness. These problem arise in the morning. It is
caused due to harmonal changes.
Que 9. What do you mean by Fertilization ?
Ans: The process of combination of male gamete or sperm with female gamete or ovum
is called fertilization. The product of fertilization is a cell called zygote.

2. Chapter-2
(Prenatal Physiological Processes)
Que1. What is Placenta?
Ans: During embryonic stage, the child gets the diet with which organ, is known as
placenta.
Que 2 Which Children are effected by Rh disease ?
Ans: Rh disease is a genetic condition that occurs when mother’s blood type is different
from her child’s.
Que3. What do you mean by Foetus ?
Ans: By the end of eighth week embryo is now foetus and a long process of growth of
small part starts.
Que4. What do you mean by Amniotic sac?
Ans.
Que5 What do you mean by Teratogens ?
Ans: Teratogens is a special virus or chemical element which obstructs the prenatal
development of the child.
Que 6. What do you mean by Autosomes ?
Ans: The 22 pair of chromosomes are called Autosomes.
Que 7. What do you mean by Sex Chromosomes?
Ans: The 23rd
pair of chromosome is called Sex Chromosome. It is XX in females and XY
in male.
Que 8. What are the different stages of Prenatal development?
Ans:1. The period of Zygote Stage.
2. The period of Embryo Stage.
3. The period of Foetus Stage
Que 9. What do you mean by examining the prenatal development by Ultrasound?
Ans. The examining of prenatal development by Ultrasound gives information of growth
of the baby and his health in uterus. This process is done around 15th
week of
pregnancy.

3. Chapter-3
(Birth Processes)
Que1. What is meant by Labor?
Ans: The process of baby leaving the uterus (womb) is called Labor.
Que 2 What is meant by bursting of water bag?
Ans: As soon as labor pain starts, the membrane around the child ruptures, it is called
bursting of water bag.
Que3. What do you mean by Placental stage ?
Ans: This stage is also called ‘After Birth’ Stage. It remains till two minutes to half an
hour.
Que4. What do you mean by Natural Birth ?
Ans. Natural Birth is Head first stage.
Que5 What do you mean by Breech Birth?
Ans: In Breech Birth the child is in the ‘lower part first’ stage.
Que 6. What do you mean by C-Section ?
Ans: In C-Section, the child birth is done through operation of mother’s stomach .
Que 7. What do you mean by Instrumental Birth?
Ans: The child is born with the help of instruments . For delivery forceps or vacuum
extractor are used.
Que 8. Which children are pre-term children ?
Ans: Pre-term babies are born three weeks prior to 40 weeks of pregnancy or whose
weight is less than 2500 grams.
Que 9. What do you mean by APGAR Scale ?
Ans. Immediately, after birth the physical condition of the child is monitored with a set
scale, which is known as APGAR scale.

4. Chapter-4
(Postnatal care of the Mother)
Que1. What is mean by Postnatal Period?
Ans: The period after delivery of the baby and the placenta is known as Postnatal
Period.
Que 2 What is meant by purpose of Postnatal Care?
Ans: Postnatal Care refers to the care of mother during the period of time following the
birth of the child.
Que3. Why does the mother and the new born child need Rest during Postnatal Period?
Ans: After child’s birth the new born and the mother need rest during postnatal period
so as to protect them from infection and mother also need rest to ease her tired body.
Que4. How breastfeeding helpful for the mother ?
Ans. Breastfeeding is helpful for contraction of Uterus, making mutual bonding
between mother and the baby. It also reduces mother’s stress.
Que5 What do you mean by Postnatal Depression ?
Ans: It is a type of depression that many parents experience after having a baby. Mother
feel a bit down and tearful .
Que 6. Why does the mother need good nutrition during Postnatal Period ?
Ans: The mother need good nutrition during Postnatal Period to make her body strong
and healthy like before. She should take special diet for increasing milk production and
strengthening the muscles and bones.
Que 7. Why does mother need to pay attention to personal cleanliness after delivery?
Ans: After child birth the mother is at the high risk of infection as the uterus area is raw.
In order to stay away from infection mother need to pay attention to personal
cleanliness.
Que 8. Why does the mother need light exercise during postnatal period ?
Ans: Mother need light exercise during postnatal period because it is helpful for the
uterus to return to pre pregnancy size and to relax her tired body.
Que 9. What is helpful for the uterus return to its pre pregnancy size ?
Ans. Breast feeding and light exercises are helpful for the uterus to return to its pre
pregnancy size.

5. Chapter-5
(Care of New Born)
Que1. What do you mean by Automatic response ?
Ans: A reflex that is seen in normal newborn babies is called Automatic response e.g.
Rooting and crying.
Que 2 What do you mean by Colostrum ?
Ans: The first food got from mother’s milk is called Colostrum. It is full of liquid protein
and provides the new born with strength to fight against diseases.
Que3. What do you mean by Rooting ?
Ans: A reflex that is seen in normal newborn babies, who automatically turn the face
toward stimulus and make sucking motions.
Que4. What do you mean by Supplementary Food ?
Ans. After 3-4 months of childbirth, the child apart from mother’s milk can be given
juice, cereal food items like Suji ki kheer, boiled vegetables and potatoes in his daily
diet.
Que5 What do you mean by DPT ?
Ans: DPT is Diptheria, Pertussis (Whooping Caugh) and Tetanus.
Que 6. What do you mean by Vaccination ?
Ans: The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to protect from a specific disease.
Que 7. Why should small children be massaged before taking bath ?
Ans: Massage is a wonderful way of establishing a bond of love with the child. The
blood circulation increases and the digestion improves with massage.

6. Chapter-6
(Infant Stimulation)
Que1. How does the mother child interaction depend on the caring activities in routine?
Ans: The mother and child bond strengthens during the daily care related activities like
breastfeeding, changing diapers and at the time of playing.
Que 2 What do you mean by Bonding ?
Ans: Bonding means mutual satisfaction between mother and the child.
Que3. What do you mean by Stranger Anxiety related to small children ?
Ans: At the age of six month, the child starts recoganizing the people taking care of him.
The fear of the child to go to unknown people not to go away from his known is called
Stranger Anxiety.
Que4. What do you mean by Infant Development play material ?
Ans. The play material stimulates the child to use his five senses of sight, hearing, taste ,
touch and smell. It helps in his development and learning.
Que5 Which virus causes measles and which vaccine is given against it ?
Ans: Morbilli virus causes measles. Vaccine of MMR saves the child from measles ,
mumps and rubella.
Que 6. What kind of disease is Whooping caugh and which germ spread this disease ?
Ans: Whooping Caugh is also called Pertussis . Bordetella Pertussis germ spread this
disease.
Que 7. Which germ causes Tetanus ?
Ans: Clostridium Tetnai.
Que 8. Which germ causes Tuberculosis (T.B.) and which part of the body is affected by
it ?
Ans: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis affected the lungs in bad manners.
Que 9 . What do you mean by Rickets ?
Ans: Rickets is caused due to deficiency of calcium in diet and lack of Vitamin D. It
softens and weakens the bones of children between six months to two years.