Trade Flow Analysis - Kazakhstan_final

ECO: IDENTIFYING INTRA-REGIONAL EXPORT POTENTIAL IN AGRO-PRODUCTS AND PROCESSED FOODS
KAZAKHSTAN
KAZAKH EXPORTS AND EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES FOR
PROCESSED FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
(WORKING DOCUMENT)
2004
(Project No. KAZ 61/90)

KAZAKH EXPORTS AND EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROCESSED FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC)2
This document was prepared within the framework of the project KAZ 61/90 and the
South-South Trade Promotion Programme (SSTP). It aims to provide a statistical
background of export opportunities for processed fruits and vegetables from Kazakhstan.
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not
imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Trade
Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or
area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
While every effort has been made to verify the information contained in this document,
ITC cannot accept any responsibility for any errors that it may contain.
The report was produced by Ms. Ariuntuya Tsend-Ayush with the support of the Market
Analysis Section (MAS) and Ms. Sylvie Bétemps. For further details on the methodology of the
present document, please contact Ms. Sylvie Bétemps (ITC, e-mail: betemps@intracen.org;
tel: +41-22-7300 204; fax: +41-22-7300 249).
For additional information on the South-South Trade Promotion Programme (SSTP), please
contact Mr. Govind Venuprasad (ITC, e-mail: venuprasad@intracen.org; tel: +41-22-7300 614;
fax: +41-22-7300 249).
This report has not been formally edited by the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC)

International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Note 4
A. BACKGROUND – EXPORT OVERVIEW 6
B. EXPORTS AND EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROCESSED
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES FROM KAZAKHSTAN 7
C. FURTHER MARKET OPPORTUNITIES 34
D. METHODOLOGY 36

NOTE
The following abbreviations are used:
B Billion
CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, The Russian
Federation, Tajikistan, The Ukraine and Uzbekistan)
ECO Economic Cooperation Organization (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Islamic
Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)
EU European Union
FDI Foreign direct investments
FOB Free on Board
GDP Gross domestic product
HS Harmonized System Nomenclature
ITC International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO
M Million
Mt Metric tons
nes not elsewhere specified
SME Small and Medium size Enterprises
SSTP South-South Trade Promotion Programme
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNSD United Nations Statistics Division
WTO World Trade Organization

A. BACKGROUND – EXPORT OVERVIEW
In 2002, Kazakhstan ranked 63rd
in the world as an exporting country. The country’s exports
reached US$ 9 billion in value, having expanded sharply, by 18% per year between 1998 and
2002. Growth of world exports increased by 4% on average per year during the same period.
Fuels and manufactured products accounted for 80% of Kazakhstan’s total exports in 2002 (see
figure 1). Food products (live animals, beverages, animal and vegetable oils and fats) represented
4,11%.
Figure 1. Breakdown of Kazakhstan’s exports in 2002
Source: ITC PC-TAS 1998-2002
The main food products exported by Kazakhstan are cereals (HS10), especially wheat, muslin,
barley and maize (see table 1). Ranked 6th
amongst all product categories exported by the
country, they generated an income of US$ 277 million. Kazakhstan’s exports of vegetables,
fruits and related preparations (HS07, HS08, HS20) reached US$ 24.3 million, while exports of
fish, crustaceans and molluscs (HS03) amounted to US$ 13.6 million. Flour-based products,
milk preparations (HS19) and milling products (HS11) together generated revenues of US$ 10.5
million.
FUELS & LUBRICANTS
51.12% INEDIBLE CRUDE
MATERIALS
11.01%
FOOD PRODUCTS
4.11%
OTHER
0.42%
MANUFACTURED
PRODUCTS
30.39%
CHEMICALS
2.94%

Table 1. Kazakhstan’s exports of food products in 2002
Source: ITC TradeMap
As prioritized by Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Trade, in cooperation with ITC, Kazakhstan’s export
opportunities for processed fruits and vegetables have been explored in the following chapters.
Product groups, with six-digit HS-6 codes, that fall under the category of processed fruits and
vegetables and comprise part of Kazakhstan’s export portfolio, have been listed in table 2.
The table shows not only volumes, but also values per ton and changes in export volumes and
values between 1998 and 2002. The import figures for the same products are provided for
comparison. On the one hand, they allow checking for indications of re-exports, on the other, for
market potential in the domestic markets. It is also possible that there are quality differences
between imported and exported products and/or that different products within the same HS 6-
digit product groups are imported or exported.
HS
Code
Product
Value 2002 in
US$
thousand
Annual
growth in
value
between
1998-2002, %
Annual
growth in
value between
2001-2002, %
Annual growth
of world exports
between 1998-
2002, %
Ranking in
country
exports
Share in world
exports, %
Ranking in
world exports
8,988,831 18 17 4 0.1 63
10 Cereals 277,322 -3 -11 -2 6 0.8 18
07
Edible vegetables and certain roots
and tubers
16,439 -17 -12 3 17 0.1 73
03
Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic
invertebrates nes
13,632 21 28 3 19 0 97
08
Edible fruit, nuts, peel of citrus fruit,
melons
7,206 -29 -59 0 25 0 107
19
Cereal, flour, starch, milk preparations
and products
5,258 46 30 4 29 0 79
11
Milling products, malt, starches, inulin,
wheat gluten
5,187 -48 -72 1 30 0.1 59
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 3,923 -11 -67 0 33 0 107
05 Products of animal origin, nes 2,907 20 -55 0 35 0.1 65
15
Animal,vegetable fats and oils,
cleavage products, etc
2,366 -36 -34 -5 38 0 107
16
Meat, fish and seafood food
preparations nes
2,023 -5 -82 3 41 0 94
14
Vegetable plaiting materials,
vegetable products nes
1,792 -35 -75 -2 43 0.5 36
02 Meat and edible meat offal 1,149 -51 -82 3 46 0 85
12
Oil seed, oleagic fruits, grain, seed,
fruit, etc, nes
1,096 -8 2 2 47 0 122
04
Dairy products, eggs, honey, edible
animal product nes
1,020 4 87 0 50 0 100
20
Vegetable, fruit, nut, etc food
preparations
665 -20 -58 1 54 0 113
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 449 9 -23 1 59 0 118
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 153 -13 93 3 69 0
09 Coffee, tea, mate and spices 136 -3 38 -13 70 0 159
13
Lac, gums, resins, vegetable saps
and extracts nes
50 -24 -75 2 79 0 108
01 Live animals 38 -76 -15 1 81 0 140
06
Live trees, plants, bulbs, roots, cut
flowers etc
22 59 -82 2 83 0 141
All products

Table 2. Kazakhstan’s exports of fruits and vegetables products in 2002
HS rev.
1 Product
Value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Qty
2002
(tons)
Value
per ton
Annual
growth
in value
bw 98-
02%
Annual
growth
in
quantity
bw 98-
02%
Annual
growth in
value bw 01-
02%
World
market
share%
Ranking
in world
market
Annual
grwth in
value of
world imp
bw 98-02 %
Value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Qty
2002
(tons)
Value
per
ton
Annual
growth
in value
bw 98-
02 % Exp'rs
Share in
Kaz's
imports,
%
070310
Onions and shallots,
fresh or chilled 8,205 65,839 125 -30 -21 101 0 26 -3 45 625 72 -28 Kyrgyzstan 89
070200
Tomatoes, fresh or
chilled 4,063 6,660 610 17 26 -51 0 24 2 23 19 1,211 -38 Netherlands 100
080719
(1996) Melons, fresh,
other than watermelons 2,454 9,048 271 -28 -14 7 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
080711
(1996) Watermelons,
fresh 1,783 13,851 129 -43 -21 -52 0 25 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0
070490
Cabbages,kohlrabi,kale
and sim edible
brassicas nes,fresh or
chilled 1,448 6,174 235 -1 13 -37 0 25 2 10 214 47 -37 0 0
070960
pp g
Capsicum or of the
genus Pimenta,fresh or 973 4,730 206 -18 -3 -30 0 38 4 29 304 95 -42 Kyrgyzstan 45
070610
Carrots and turnips,
fresh or chilled 634 4,052 156 10 23 337 0 31 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
080810 Apples, fresh 591 1,328 445 -9 2 -87 0 51 1 3,216 19,024 169 5 China 84
081090 Fruits, fresh nes 582 1,309 445 0 10 -19 0 48 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
080910 Apricots, fresh 562 888 633 35 60 -66 0 19 -2 11 144 76 Kyrgyzstan 100
070700
Cucumbers and
gherkins, fresh or
chilled 390 787 496 -16 -5 -75 0 41 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
080610 Grapes, fresh 257 360 714 -26 -19 -84 0 52 4 17 22 773 19
Russian
Federation 65
080940 Plums and sloes, fresh 232 560 414 -3 19 -75 0 31 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
200980
Fruit&veg juice nes
(exc mx) unferment
unspiritd, whether/not
sug/sweet 184 316 582 -8 8 -27 0 89 4 732 836 876 -3
Moldova,
Rep.of 27
071333
Kidney beans&white
pea beans drid
shelld,whether o not
skinnd o split 163 385 423 -18 2 65 0 57 -4 85 194 438 -24 USA 95
080211
Almonds in shell fresh
or dried 145 173 838 0 21 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
070690
Salad beetroot, salsif,
celeriac,radish&sim
edibl roots,fresh/chilld
nes 125 549 228 -5 8 -31 0 33 -4 0 0 0 0 0 0
200970
Apple juice
unfermented spiritd
whether or not sugard
or sweetend 108 184 587 -14 -17 67 0 67 1 1,119 2,274 492 29
Russian
Federation 50
070930
Aubergines(egg-
plants), fresh or chilled 101 264 383 -33 -27 -27 0 28 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
080232
Walnuts, fresh or dried,
shelled or peeled 82 43 1907 34 0 44 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
200919
Orange juice nes,
unfermentd
spiritd,whether or not
sugard or sweet 77 131 588 -33 0 81 15 850 1,267 671 14
Russian
Federation 60
070990
Vegetables, fresh or
chilled nes 75 41 1829 123 108 -69 0 99 7 39 0 0 0 Israel 100
080930
Peaches, including
nectarines, fresh 74 109 679 -21 -13 -85 0 50 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
080820
Pears and quinces,
fresh 71 147 483 -33 -24 -81 0 56 0 160 629 254 2 China 49
081290
Fruits&nuts provis
preservd but unfit f
immediate consumption
nes 67 317 211 34 0 39 -10 0 0 0 0 0 0
071190
Vegetables
nes&mixtures provis
presvd but nt f
immediate consumptn 66 20 3300 144 0 51 -3 0 0 0 0 0 0
071220
Onions dried but not
further prepared 60 45 1333 329 0 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
080231
Walnuts in shell, fresh
or dried 60 105 571 -1 29 114 0 28 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0
200110
gherkins,prepared or
preserved by vinegar or
acetic acid 50 199 251 1 17 127 0 55 0 274 364 753 7 Hungary 77
080920 Cherries, fresh 48 35 1371 42 55 -89 0 42 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
List of Products exported by Kazakhstan in 2002 Imported by Kazakhstan

HS rev.
1 Product
Value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Qty
2002
(tons)
Value
per ton
Annual
growth
in value
bw 98-
02%
Annual
growth
in
quantity
bw 98-
02%
Annual
growth in
value bw 01-
02%
World
market
share%
Ranking
in world
market
Annual
grwth in
value of
world imp
bw 98-02 %
Value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Qty
2002
(tons)
Value
per
ton
Annual
growth
in value
bw 98-
02 % Exp'rs
Share in
Kaz's
imports,
%
130219
Vegetable saps and
extracts nes 46 2 23000 -15 -73 0 73 -7 11 4 2,750 -12 0 0
200590
g g
prep/presvd o/t by
vinegar/acetic acid,not
frozen 46 89 517 -69 0 94 3 411 883 465 28
Russian
Federation 77
071339
Beans dried, shelled,
whether or not skinned
or split, nes 36 57 632 -29 0 56 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
081310 Apricots, dried 36 57 632 -34 -15 -51 0 42 -4 17 6 2,833 60 Germany 100
071230
Mushrooms and truffles
dried but not further
prepared 34 2 17000 0 59 -5 0 0 0 0 0 0
200190
Veg,fruit,nut&edible
prts of plants nes,
prep/presvd by
vin/acetic acid 32 100 320 28 40 -52 0 85 10 155 183 847 -17 Hungary 35
080620 Grapes, dried 31 51 608 -53 -40 -98 0 57 -7 32 64 500 -25
Iran (Islamic
Republic of) 100
200950
Tomato juice
unfermented spirited,
whether or not sugared
or sweet 30 66 455 -49 -53 0 0 50 -8 350 726 482 33
Russian
Federation 71
200940
Pineapple
juice,unfermented¬
spiritd,whether or not
sugard or sweet 27 47 574 0 73 0 719 842 854 52 China 60
070190
Potatoes, fresh or
chilled nes 25 155 161 -39 -39 -14 0 86 -3 340 6,244 54 -25
Russian
Federation 71
071390
Leguminous vegetables
dried,shelled,whether
or not skinnd or
split,nes 18 38 474 100 0 54 42 0 0 0 0 0 0
200600
Fruit,nut,fruit-peel&pts
of plant presvd by
sugar
(draind,glacé/cryst) 15 2 7500 0 64 0 17 29 586 1 0 0
200819
Nuts&seeds nes incl
mx,o/w prep o
presvd,sugard,sweeten
d,spiritd o not 14 18 778 0 81 4 255 161 1,584 1
Russian
Federation 54
200960
Grape juice (incl grape
must) unferment &
unspiritd,wthr/nt
sug/sweet 13 21 619 0 61 -5 119 146 815 8
Russian
Federation 51

B. Export opportunities for processed fruits and vegetables
1. Kazakhstan’s production of fruits and vegetables
Kazakhstan produces various types of fruits and vegetables (see table 3). With an average annual
production of 1,896,311 Mt and 314,336 Mt respectively, potatoes and tomatoes represent the
largest crops within this category. Kazakhstan’s production of tomatoes expanded between 1992
and 2002, by 3.23%, while potato production declined by 1.52% during this period. With the
exception of dry peas, which declined by 17.18%, the average annual production of watermelon,
cabbages, gherkins, peas and onions increased reaching a volume of 307 Mt and 200 Mt.
This misrepresents the real situation as potato production has increased steadily since 2000. Dry
pea production has been increasing since 2000. Production of all crops declined from 1992 to
1995 but, with the exception of dried onions, all have experienced stable, and in some cases
rapid, growth since.
Table 3. Kazakhstan’s production of fruits and vegetables between 1992 and 2002
Source: FAO Statistical database on agricultural products, 2002
1992 1995 2000 2001 2002
Potatoes 2,569,700 1,720,800 1,692,600 2,184,800 2,268,800 1,896,311.82 -1.52
Tomatoes 400,000 308,000 387,030 447,200 448,855 314,336.36 3.23
Watermelons 288,400 162,300 421,600 519,200 628,803 307,894.82 12.98
Cabbages 212,000 170,000 262,670 303,500 321,793 214,942.36 5.36
Cucumbers and Gherkins 123,000 95,000 190,600 218,000 256,000 145,301.73 9.89
Peas, Dry 93,700 24,320 9,200 13,600 26,655 30,541.36 -17.18
Onions, Dry 80,000 70,000 302,000 348,900 309,922 200,717.09 18.88
Apples 77,000 36,600 144,600 132,400 110,453 70,204.82 10.35
Grapes 63,000 68,320 61,600 43,200 26,275 40,879.55 -5.02
Vegetables Fresh nes 58,000 54,600 152,100 167,800 187,700 99,609.09 14.24
Carrots 48,000 40,000 163,620 189,100 214,469 102,371.73 21.59
Plums 26,000 10,000 7,370 5,500 12,520 9,753.64 -7.40
Peaches and Nectarines 18,800 8,200 2,770 1,100 2,369 5,794.45 -21.84
Pears 18,000 15,500 10,240 9,400 9,572 10,346.55 -3.37
Beans, Dry 15,000 4,000 15,500 16,600 3,797 11,727.00 -4.93
Apricots 14,000 8,000 6,740 2,600 5,745 7,198.64 -11.32
Cherries 11,000 13,000 12,030 6,400 14,026 10,750.55 -0.71
Eggplants 8,000 14,000 21,500 24,500 28,000 15,818.18 13.10
Beans, Green 5,000 6,000 8,500 10,000 11,000 6,872.73 8.51
Strawberries 3,200 4,800 5,340 5,100 6,000 4,849.09 6.07
Broad Beans, Green 3,000 5,000 9,000 10,400 11,000 6,336.36 13.94
Applejuice Single Streng 2,800 2,100 490 560 700 1,915.45 -20.51
Leeks and Oth.Alliac.Veg 1,000 2,000 12,000 14,000 15,000 6,045.45 35.97
Groundnuts in Shell 900 1,600 340 400 162 872.91 -16.6
Quinces 300 300 2,500 800 1,800 818.18 22.86
Fruit Dried nes 200 600 240 320 320 401.82 -1.6
Peas, Green 100 150 130 100 200 129.36 3.29
Berries nes 0 0 0 200 200 36.36 …
Dry Apricots 0 72 9 18 72 29.45 …
Fruit Fresh nes 0 1,000 10,100 7,700 23,000 5,209.09 …
Homogen.Cooked Fruit Pre 0 320 0 0 0 101.82 …
Mushrooms 0 0 500 500 500 209.09
Onions+Shallots, Green 0 0 0 1,000 1,000 181.82 …
Walnuts 0 1,000 1,000 1,000 800 709.09 …
Products
Annual mean
(Mt)
Growth (%)
Production (Mt)

2. Kazakhstan’s exports of fruits and vegetables
Kazakhstan mainly exports potatoes, tomatoes, watermelon and cabbages (see table 2). As
confirmed by FAO statistics, it is also a producer of those product groups. This suggests that the
country is not re-exporting, but has its own supply capacity.
Kazakhstan’s export opportunities have been analysed hereunder for those currently processed
fruit and vegetable product groups, classified in decreasing order of export value, namely:
• Juice of fruit or vegetables, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening
matter (excl. fermented or containing alcohol, mixtures, citrus fruit, pineapple, tomato,
grape, incl. grape must and apple juice) (HS200980)
• Dried, shelled kidney beans "phaseolus vulgaris", whether or not skinned or split
(HS071333)
• Apple juice, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter (excl.
fermented or containing alcohol) (HS200970)
• Fresh or dried walnuts, shelled and peeled (HS080232)
• Orange juice, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter (excl.
fermented or containing spirit and frozen) (HS200919)
• Fruit and nuts, provisionally preserved, but unsuitable in that state for immediate
consumption (excl. cherries and strawberries) (HS081290)
• Vegetables and mixtures of vegetables provisionally preserved, but unsuitable in that
state for immediate consumption (excl. onions, olives, capers, gherkins and gherkins)
(HS071190)
• Dried onions, whole, cut, sliced, broken or in powder, but not further prepared
(HS071220)
• Gherkins and gherkins, prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic acid (HS200110)
• Vegetables and mixtures of vegetables, prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar
or acetic acid (excl. frozen, homogenized vegetables of subheading 2005 10, and
tomatoes, mushrooms, truffles, potatoes, sauerkraut, peas "pisum sativum", beans "vigna
spp., phaseolus spp." asparagus, olives and sweet corn "zea mays var. saccharata")
(HS200590)
• Dried, shelled beans "vigna and phaseolus", whether or not skinned or split (excl. beans
of species "vigna mungo (l.) hepper or vigna radiata (l.) wilczek", adzuki beans and
kidney beans) (HS071339)
• Dried apricots (HS081310)
• Dried mushrooms and truffles, whole, cut, sliced, broken or in powder, but not further
prepared (HS071230)
• Vegetables, fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants, prepared or preserved by vinegar
or acetic acid (excl. gherkins, gherkins and onions) (HS200190)
Fruit and vegetable juice (HS200980)
Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market
Ranked 89th
in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of fruit and vegetable juice reached 316 tons in
2002, worth US$ 184,000. Exports of fruit and vegetable juice decreased by 8% on average per
year in value but increased by 8% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002.
World imports increased by 4% on average per year in value during this period.

In 2002, Kazakhstan exported fruit and vegetable juice to Kyrgyzstan (see table 4).
Table 4. Kazakhstan’s exports of fruit and vegetable juice (HS200980) in 2002
Main competitor countries on the world market
Kazakhstan accounts for 85% of Kyrgyzstan’s total imports of fruit and vegetable juice.
Kazakhstan’s unit value for fruit and vegetable juice in Kyrgyzstan, of US$ 589 per ton, is
higher than Uzbekistan’s (at US$ 432), also supplying the country.
Potential new markets
Kyrgyzstan ranks 124th
in world imports of fruit and vegetable juice. The world’s largest
importers are the United States, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France
and Canada. With the exception of the UK, these are all large and growing import markets. The
Dominican Republic, Korea, Venezuela and Ireland have the fastest growing import markets for
fruit and vegetable juice.
Table 5. The world’s main importers of fruit and vegetable juice (HS200980) in 2002
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 184 100 316 582 -8 8 -27 4
Kyrgyzstan 176 96 299 589 124 0
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Quantity
unit
Unit value (US$
per unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in
world
imports%
World
estimation 869,442 0
No
quantity 4 14 4 100
United States of
America 107,677 228,957
Cubic
meters 470 4 12 12
Germany 107,111 71,855 Tons 1,491 2 13 10 12
Japan 67,044 29,060 Tons 2,307 5 14 -19 7
Netherlands 52,033 26,305 Tons 1,978 1 9 1 5
United Kingdom 41,396 32,330 Tons 1,280 -2 24 17 4
France 38,765 31,408 Tons 1,234 3 18 19 4
Canada 34,516 28,435 Tons 1,214 4 8 1 3
Saudi Arabia 28,897 42,382 Tons 682 17 23 -3 3
Italy 23,620 15,334 Tons 1,540 7 10 26 2
Austria 22,911 14,552 Tons 1,574 4 14 -14 2
West Asia not
elsewhere
specified 21,375 34,615 Tons 618 2
Belgium 17,079 14,047 Tons 1,216 3 22 1 1
Russian
Federation 16,160 36,605 Tons 441 1 19 -13 1
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 15,830 4,719 Tons 3,355 50 41 -27 1
Denmark 15,495 10,699 Tons 1,448 18 38 8 1
Singapore 14,302 15,938 Tons 897 12 4 -2 1
Portugal 11,981 12,455 Tons 962 10 9 26 1
Qatar 11,594 11,755 Tons 986 21 1
Switzerland 11,462 4,256 Tons 2,693 0 3 17 1
Spain 10,426 13,878 Tons 751 -6 -7 64 1
Sweden 10,418 7,508 Tons 1,388 2 20 3 1
Australia 9,819 4,840
Cubic
meters 2,029 13 16 1
Guatemala 7,732 12,853 Tons 602 1 6 8 0
Ireland 7,622 5,130 Tons 1,486 20 29 104 0

Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Quantity
unit
Unit value (US$
per unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in
world
imports%
Hong Kong
(SARC) 7,402 5,621 Tons 1,317 15 15 -9 0
Israel 6,660 0 No quantity 19 34 0
Albania 6,360 22,440 Tons 283 20 37 48 0
Bahamas 6,135 0 No quantity -6 24 0
Honduras 5,939 8,206 Tons 724 12 21 -11 0
Greece 5,752 3,855 Tons 1,492 -8 5 9 0
Taiwan, Province
of (China) 4,982 0 Tons 11 4 5 0
Dominican
Republic 4,743 0 Tons 69 0 131 0
Finland 4,217 2,599 Tons 1,623 5 12 4 0
El Salvador 4,166 5,994 Tons 695 11 18 -3 0
Venezuela 4,089 5,136 Tons 796 49 79 -35 0
Costa Rica 4,083 4,279 Tons 954 12 4 37 0
Mexico 4,061 30,222 Tons 134 11 95 -25 0
Oman 4,037 4,568 Tons 884 734 0
Norway 3,903 996 Tons 3,919 1 6 30 0
Dried shelled kidney beans (HS071333)
Ranked 57th
in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of dried shelled kidney beans reached 385 tons
in 2002, worth US$ 160,000. Exports of dried shelled kidney beans decreased by 18% on
average per year in value but increased by 2% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and
2002. World imports decreased by 4% on average per year in value during this period.
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried shelled kidney beans to Turkey and the Russian Federation
(see table 6).
Table 6. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried shelled kidney beans (HS071333) in 2002
Kazakhstan ranks 10th
in the Turkish market, accounting for 1% of the country’s total imports of
dried kidney beans after China, Kyrgyzstan, Iran, Argentina, Egypt, Canada, the Netherlands, the
Ukraine and Moldova. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried kidney beans in Turkey, of US$ 419 per
ton, is the lowest amongst all the above-mentioned suppliers to the Turkish market.
in the Russian market for dried kidney beans after Tajikistan, Uzbekistan,
the United States, the Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, the Netherlands and Germany. Kazakhstan’s exports
in Russia decreased by 18% in value on average per year between 1998 and 2002, while Russian
imports of this product increased by 32% on average per year in value during this period.
Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried kidney beans in Russia, of US$ 455 per ton, is higher than that
of the Ukraine, Uzbekistan, the Netherlands, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan and lower than that of
the United States and Germany.
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 163 100 385 423 -18 2 65 -4
Turkey 143 88 341 419 107 12 2 4
Russian
Federation 20 12 44 455 -18 2 -33 41 0 32

Turkey and the Russian Federation rank 12th
and 41st
in world imports of dried kidney beans.
The world’s largest importers are Mexico, Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands,
Venezuela and Cuba. Markets have been fluctuating in the largest importing countries, however
smaller volume markets in Cuba, the United States, Egypt and India have shown strong growth.
Table 7. The world’s main importers of dried shelled kidney beans (HS071333) in 2002
Apple juice (HS200970)
Ranked 67th
in the world market, Kazakhstan’s exports of apple juice reached 184 tons in 2002,
worth US$ 108,000. Exports of apple juice decreased by 14% on average per year in value and
by 17% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. World imports increased by 1%
on average per year in value during this period.
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in
world
imports%
World
estimation 711,439 1,387,126 513 -4 3 10 100
Mexico 65,358 108,218 604 -15 -12 14 9
Italy 55,104 83,261 662 0 4 -2 7
United Kingdom 51,887 97,329 533 -7 -3 2 7
Spain 36,858 51,398 717 1 3 12 5
Netherlands 34,269 88,825 386 6 10 53 4
Venezuela 31,699 60,298 526 -8 0 -2 4
Cuba 31,512 98,584 320 42 65 26 4
France 28,004 34,736 806 -11 -9 21 3
United States of
America 25,790 43,102 598 49 57 98 3
Brazil 23,309 81,738 285 -26 -12 -55 3
Portugal 20,940 35,546 589 -1 3 20 2
Turkey 19,525 37,866 516 4 10 16 2
Algeria 17,171 39,461 435 12 28 149 2
Costa Rica 16,003 28,048 571 -5 3 22 2
Egypt 15,161 34,121 444 33 39 45 2
Greece 13,743 16,477 834 2 3 143 1
Canada 13,472 19,367 696 12 11 59 1
Pakistan 13,013 42,321 307 10 15 33 1
Colombia 12,770 18,786 680 -10 -17 -21 1
India 12,637 31,415 402 23 24 66 1
Japan 12,361 17,343 713 4 6 -18 1
South Africa 12,000 34,916 344 190 1
Belgium 11,991 22,646 529 13 25 21 1
Angola 11,602 28,254 411 23 30 227 1
Iraq 10,152 20,483 496 11 12 -2 1
Germany 8,448 12,262 689 -11 -6 0 1
Bulgaria 6,765 17,808 380 -12 -5 69 0
Free Zones 6,644 9,647 689 -1 -1 -71 0
Yemen 5,461 14,704 371 10 15 32 0
New Zealand 4,794 6,922 693 26 26 57 0
Hungary 4,342 5,369 809 52 92 61 0
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 4,237 15,599 272 6 16 21 0
Zimbabwe 4,099 0 2242 0
Israel 4,032 0 2 -14 0
Guatemala 3,792 7,116 533 33 35 97 0
Yugoslavia 3,117 4,857 642 0 -2 -10 0
Lebanon 2,675 4,288 624 7 13 8 0
Slovakia 2,551 5,611 455 44 55 6 0
Switzerland 2,431 2,139 1,137 -6 -2 29 0

In 2002, Kazakhstan exported apple juice to Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Federation (see table
8).
Table 8. Kazakhstan’s exports of apple juice (HS200970) in 2002
Kazakhstan’s exports of apple juice to Kyrgyzstan make up to 29% of the country’s total
imports, while Kazakhstan’s unit value for apple juice in Kyrgyzstan, of US$ 590 per ton, is the
highest amongst the countries’ suppliers.
Kazakhstan’s exports to the Russian Federation are marginal (US$10,000, representing 18 tons
of fruits). This market declined in Russia, decreasing by 1% on average per year in value
between 1998 and 2002.
Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Federation rank 76th
and 12th
respectively in world imports of apple
juice. The world’s largest importers are Germany, the United States, Japan, Austria, the
Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Canada and Denmark. With the exception of the United
Kingdom and Japan these are growing markets. Belarus, Mexico, Israel and New Zealand are the
fastest growing markets. The highest unit value paid, after Japan, is in Saudi Arabia.
Table 9. The world’s main importers of apple juice (HS200970) in 2002
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 108 100 184 587 -14 -17 67 1
Kyrgyzstan 98 91 166 590 76 0
Russian
Federation 10 9 18 556 -14 -17 67 12 1 -1
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Quantity
unit
Unit value (US$
per unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in
world
imports%
World
estimation 999,045 0
No
quantity 1 11 -4 100
Germany 256,475 449,415 Tons 571 1 11 7 25
United States of
America 244,602 1,356,149
Cubic
meters 180 3 -5 24
Japan 75,888 77,584 Tons 978 -1 6 -28 7
Austria 47,705 109,495 Tons 436 1 16 -21 4

Fresh or dried walnuts (HS080232)
Ranked 44th
in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of fresh or dried walnuts reached 43 tons in
2002, worth US$ 82, 000. World imports increased by 7% on average per year in value between
1998 and 2002.
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported fresh or dried walnuts to France and Turkey (see table 10).
Table 10. Kazakhstan’s exports of fresh or dried walnuts (HS080232) in 2002
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 82 100 43 1,907 34 7
France 39 48 18 2,167 3 6 7
Turkey 39 48 23 1,696 129 12 2 70
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Quantity
unit
Unit value (US$
per unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in
world
imports%
Netherlands 44,105 80,551 Tons 548 0 9 2 4
United Kingdom 44,070 65,857 Tons 669 -7 6 -21 4
Canada 26,469 31,459 Tons 841 4 8 10 2
Denmark 22,389 39,278 Tons 570 10 16 55 2
Belgium 20,554 37,471 Tons 549 -5 1 0 2
France 20,519 43,018 Tons 477 -6 1 -13 2
Italy 19,913 35,901 Tons 555 -6 0 -29 1
Russian
Federation 17,398 34,834 Tons 499 -1 4 7 1
Australia 13,949 19,424
Cubic
meters 718 3 -5 1
Sweden 12,905 16,148 Tons 799 -2 9 12 1
Belarus 11,558 14,515 Tons 796 43 46 98 1
Greece 8,767 10,606 Tons 827 5 19 15 0
Finland 8,710 9,429 Tons 924 5 11 -8 0
Spain 6,817 12,141 Tons 561 -3 5 3 0
Ireland 5,718 7,265 Tons 787 10 30 -4 0
Norway 5,412 6,243 Tons 867 13 19 24 0
Mexico 5,263 71,120 Tons 74 35 148 -29 0
El Salvador 3,987 6,979 Tons 571 16 29 12 0
Czech Republic 3,858 6,455 Tons 598 18 12 32 0
Saudi Arabia 3,496 3,746 Tons 933 2 8 -5 0
Hong Kong
(SARC) 2,920 3,432 Tons 851 -1 6 -35 0
Israel 2,673 0 No quantity 32 3 0
Guatemala 2,643 4,756 Tons 556 2 7 -32 0
Taiwan, Province
of (China) 2,468 0 No quantity -1 19 -12 0
Honduras 2,384 4,410 Tons 541 17 32 -7 0
Panama 2,373 3,265 Tons 727 17 19 102 0
New Zealand 2,283 2,845
Cubic
meters 802 30 66 0
Singapore 2,167 3,071 Tons 706 2 7 -12 0
Portugal 2,090 4,840 Tons 432 7 29 3 0
Croatia 1,969 2,612 Tons 754 4 12 1 0
Malaysia 1,887 2,429 Tons 777 25 31 18 0
South Africa 1,868 3,190 Tons 586 68 0
Nicaragua 1,852 3,546 Tons 522 7 6 -13 0
United Arab
Emirates 1,802 0 No quantity 19 23 41 0
Luxembourg 1,794 2,139 Tons 839 3 0 21 0

in the French market. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried walnuts in France,
of US$ 2,167 per ton, is higher than that of Greece and Kyrgyzstan but lower than the majority
of its main competitors (Belgium, Poland, Bulgaria, India, Romania, Moldova, Slovakia and
China) and lower than the average price of France’s imports at US$ 2,979 per ton.
in the Turkish market. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried walnuts in
Turkey, of US$ 1,696 per ton, is lower than Tajikistan’s (US$ 1,727) and higher than the
average price of all suppliers to the Turkish market (the Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan,
Romania, Afghanistan, Moldova, Pakistan, Bulgaria, Iran and China).
France and Turkey are rank 3rd
and 12th
respectively in world imports of dried walnuts. Other
large importers are Japan, Germany, Greece, Spain and Canada. All of these markets are
growing, with Greece and Spain showing rapid growth. The Russian Federation, Turkey, Korea
and Belgium have the fastest growing import markets for dried walnuts.
Table 11. The world’s main importers of dried walnuts (HS080232) in 2002
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World
estimation 282,642 81,200 3,481 7 9 7 100
Japan 45,815 9,935 4,611 3 3 6 16
Germany 29,476 7,197 4,096 3 7 11 10
France 19,166 6,434 2,979 7 7 6 6
Greece 16,732 5,522 3,030 31 29 51 5
Spain 15,560 3,867 4,024 19 17 -4 5
Canada 14,632 4,655 3,143 7 6 -17 5
United Kingdom 10,663 2,859 3,730 3 1 -8 3
Belgium 10,657 2,417 4,409 46 45 222 3
Israel 9,924 0 6 -24 3
Australia 8,895 2,435 3,653 9 6 3 3
Switzerland 8,386 1,474 5,689 2 4 12 2
Turkey 8,283 5,279 1,569 70 68 1078 2
Italy 7,434 1,745 4,260 12 13 -5 2
Austria 6,723 2,276 2,954 1 0 46 2
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 5,752 1,362 4,223 58 60 27 2
Netherlands 5,219 1,428 3,655 -13 -9 -5 1
Brazil 4,539 899 5,049 -9 -3 -28 1
Mexico 4,241 2,682 1,581 16 29 -6 1
Slovenia 3,236 1,064 3,041 -4 -5 23 1
Taiwan, Province
of (China) 3,024 808 3,743 9 1 19 1
Portugal 2,706 623 4,343 2 7 -13 0
Bosnia and
Herzegovina 2,501 1,355 1,846 11 14 111 0
Egypt 2,403 595 4,039 12 9 -6 0
Hungary 2,219 872 2,545 11 11 26 0
Croatia 2,128 1,105 1,926 10 0 91 0
Syrian Arab
Republic 2,032 1,500 1,355 0
Lebanon 1,960 598 3,278 -18 -23 21 0
Denmark 1,749 429 4,077 -5 -3 -11 0
Jordan 1,731 851 2,034 -1 2 16 0
Russian
Federation 1,723 1,030 1,673 96 84 -37 0

Orange juice (HS200919)
Ranked 67th
in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of orange juice reached 131 tons in 2002, worth
US$ 77,000. World imports of this product increased by 15% on average per year in value
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported orange juice to Kyrgyzstan (see table 12). Kazakhstan does not
grow oranges; it imports orange juice from the Russian Federation.
Table 12. Kazakhstan’s exports of orange juice (HS200919) in 2002
Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation are the only suppliers of orange juice in Kyrgyzstan.
Kazakh produce accounts for 22% of Kyrgyzstan total imports of orange juice. Its unit value in
Kyrgyzstan, of US$ 598 per ton, is higher than that of the Russian Federation, of US$ 477 per
ton.
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 77 100 131 588 -33 15
Kyrgyzstan 73 95 122 598 89 0
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
Hong Kong
(SARC) 1,715 470 3,649 -17 -18 7 0
Moldova, Rep.of 1,615 647 2,496 55 0
Czech Republic 1,466 532 2,756 0 -1 73 0
Norway 1,334 205 6,507 3 0 6 0
United Arab
Emirates 1,249 379 3,296 0 -11 -5 0
New Zealand 1,223 342 3,576 6 3 37 0
Yugoslavia 1,119 490 2,284 256 0
Singapore 1,044 276 3,783 10 12 4 0
Sweden 1,023 289 3,540 -7 -5 5 0

Table 13. The world’s main importers of orange juice (HS200919) in 2002
Preserved fruits and nuts (HS081290)
Ranked 39th
in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of preserved fruits and nuts reached 317 tons in
2002, worth US$ 67,000. World imports decreased by 10% on average per year in value between
1998 and 2002.
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported preserved fruits and nuts only to the Russian Federation (see table
14).
Table 14. Kazakhstan’s exports of preserved fruits and nuts (HS081290) in 2002
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 67 100 317 211 34 -10
Russian
Federation 67 100 317 211 34 18 0 -5
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Quantity
unit
Unit value (US$
per unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in
world
imports%
World
estimation 1,634,164 0
No
quantity 15 18 42 100
Netherlands 357,563 197,858 Tons 1,807 70 33 275 21
Belgium 225,701 346,743 Tons 651 45 42 1 13
France 212,403 356,528 Tons 596 4 7 24 12
United Kingdom 147,190 237,032 Tons 621 11 16 18 9
Germany 136,351 216,386 Tons 630 32 45 97 8
Canada 120,486 176,358 Tons 683 0 7 7
Japan 53,786 43,266 Tons 1,243 7 14 13 3
Spain 38,144 55,992 Tons 681 15 5 19 2
Switzerland 33,830 30,958 Tons 1,093 1 6 34 2
Saudi Arabia 31,578 21,742 Tons 1,452 -3 2 9 1
Sweden 22,704 29,373 Tons 773 1 4 21 1
United States of
America 22,627 50,849
Cubic
meters 445 29 66 1
Denmark 20,797 32,668 Tons 637 11 7 159 1
Ireland 18,925 23,092 Tons 820 4 22 -15 1
Italy 15,997 22,877 Tons 699 -1 9 9 0
Finland 15,310 13,150 Tons 1,164 -1 3 24 0
Austria 13,477 22,114 Tons 609 6 36 73 0
Portugal 7,938 10,385 Tons 764 4 7 34 0
Russian
Federation 7,307 9,470 Tons 772 3 -2 14 0
Greece 6,323 11,672 Tons 542 7 6 35 0
Poland 6,033 6,093 Tons 990 13 8 46 0
Czech Republic 5,931 8,826 Tons 672 -15 -16 30 0
Hungary 5,404 5,397 Tons 1,001 -11 -5 76 0
Luxembourg 5,011 5,362 Tons 935 -2 3 -7 0
Belarus 4,699 6,562 Tons 716 42 55 159 0
Mexico 4,665 47,900 Tons 97 4 108 -24 0
Hong Kong
(SARC) 3,919 5,822 Tons 673 -5 -1 -6 0
Ukraine 3,797 411 Tons 9,238 166 0
New Zealand 3,697 5,542
Cubic
meters 667 44 73 0
Croatia 3,633 3,437 Tons 1,057 -17 -12 10 0
Singapore 3,631 5,942 Tons 611 -3 4 -14 0
West Asia not
elsewhere
specified 3,389 4,562 Tons 743 0
Slovakia 3,329 5,763 Tons 578 -24 -19 107 0
Guatemala 3,128 2,486 Tons 1,258 4 14 21 0
Honduras 3,089 2,595 Tons 1,190 29 40 67 0
Oman 2,736 2,764 Tons 990 126 0
Qatar 2,556 3,509 Tons 728 23 0
Romania 2,087 2,657 Tons 785 21 17 92 0
Philippines 2,002 2,981 Tons 672 -2 0

Kazakhstan ranks 2nd
in the Russian market, accounting for 8% of the country’s total imports of
these products, after the Ukraine, which represents remaining 90%. Kazakhstan’s unit value of
preserved fruits and nuts in Russia, of US$ 211 per ton, compared with US$ 228 per ton for the
Ukraine.
The Russian Federation ranks 18th
in world imports of preserved fruits and nuts. The world’s
largest importers are Japan and the United Kingdom and both their imports markets are
declining. However, smaller importers, Yemen, Portugal, Germany, Kuwait and Austria are
showing strong growth.
Table 15. The world’s main importers of preserved fruits and nuts (HS081290) in 2002
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World
estimation 119,365 139,691 854 -10 5 -2 100
Japan 53,289 44,823 1,189 -17 0 -20 44
United Kingdom 16,614 18,216 912 -1 -1 5 13
United Arab
Emirates 5,842 8,936 654 -6 -3 35 4
Yemen 5,402 14,001 386 58 69 43 4
Canada 3,839 3,662 1,048 -4 -1 34 3
Portugal 3,811 2,868 1,329 7 10 48 3
Germany 3,444 3,750 918 2 2 15 2
Kuwait 3,401 5,502 618 5 11 3 2
Austria 2,064 2,470 836 11 2 -3 1
United States of
America 2,020 1,303 1,550 -11 -19 -25 1
Spain 1,781 2,668 668 42 85 31 1
Lebanon 1,616 2,976 543 14 21 48 1
France 1,596 1,905 838 36 53 124 1
Italy 1,458 1,488 980 16 34 -9 1
Singapore 928 463 2,004 22 19 230 0
Mexico 901 875 1,030 127 128 44950 0
Nepal 898 1,465 613 71 87 64 0
Russian
Federation 803 3,519 228 -5 26 61 0
Moldova, Rep.of 784 4,273 183 0
Belgium 614 568 1,081 -33 -33 29 0
Ireland 566 557 1,016 9 14 17 0
Egypt 540 931 580 41 65 148 0
Netherlands 489 401 1,219 -15 -18 -55 0
Bangladesh 488 842 580 -1 6 154 0
Denmark 464 347 1,337 10 6 5 0
China 455 627 726 113 67 -9 0
Australia 431 355 1,214 -40 122 0
Norway 385 424 908 2 6 22 0
Hong Kong
(SARC) 384 655 586 -8 3 252 0
Bahrain 325 491 662 9 11 127 0
Switzerland 263 236 1,114 -5 -3 92 0
Slovakia 262 842 311 25 67 134 0
South Africa 210 178 1,180 -1 0
Swaziland 210 11 19,091 1213 0
Romania 185 330 561 39 83 9150 0
Oman 180 195 923 1700 0
Saudi Arabia 176 253 696 45 34 -39 0
Taiwan, Province
of (China) 173 211 820 5 -4 319 0
Croatia 165 368 448 -43 -21 -35 0

Provisionally preserved vegetables (HS071190)
Ranked 51st
in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of provisionally preserved vegetables reached 20
tons in 2002, worth US$ 66,000. World imports declined by 3% on average per year in value
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported provisionally prepared vegetables to Germany (see table16).
Table 16. Kazakhstan’s exports of provisionally prepared vegetables (HS071190) in 2002
Kazakhstan ranks 22nd in the German market where the unit value of, US$ 3,300 per ton, is one
of the highest amongst suppliers to Germany.
Germany ranks 3rd
in world imports of provisionally prepared vegetables. Other large importers
are Japan, Italy, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
Table 17. The world’s main importers of vegetables (HS071190) in 2002
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 66 100 20 3,300 144 -3
Germany 66 100 20 3,300 144 3 8 -8
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World
estimation 252,649 292,177 865 -3 0 1 100
Japan 102,143 131,713 775 -6 -3 -7 40
Italy 37,022 19,411 1,907 4 6 -3 14
Germany 21,798 19,566 1,114 -8 -2 10 8
United Kingdom 11,001 14,230 773 42 29 123 4
Netherlands 10,379 8,783 1,182 4 -1 -1 4
United States of
America 8,599 9,825 875 -4 -5 -12 3
France 7,230 6,231 1,160 -2 7 -6 2
Spain 6,036 8,305 727 11 21 -35 2
Taiwan, Province
of (China) 5,269 9,446 558 12 18 33 2
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 4,786 10,493 456 1 10 -1 1
Switzerland 3,730 2,226 1,676 -3 -2 -2 1
Ireland 3,632 3,879 936 38 49 10 1
Thailand 2,808 2,639 1,064 5 7 114 1
Belgium 2,414 3,369 717 16 46 77 0
Singapore 2,373 4,697 505 -9 -8 -3 0
Malaysia 2,293 6,016 381 -12 -5 -19 0
Australia 1,416 1,839 770 22 31 402 0
Canada 1,334 2,103 634 -20 -12 11 0
El Salvador 1,232 4,333 284 154 310 6744 0
China 1,172 1,704 688 38 36 55 0

Dried onions (HS071220)
Ranked 53rd
in the world, Kazakhstan exported 45 tons of dried onions to Germany in 2002,
worth US$ 60,000.
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried onions only to Germany (see table 18).
Table 18. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried onions (HS071220) in 2002
in the German market. Its unit value for dried onions in Germany, of US$
2,167 per ton, is higher than the average price of Germany’s imports of this product (US$
1,921).
Germany is the world’s largest importer of dried onions. Other significant importers are the
United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Japan and Canada. With the exception of Germany and
Canada, all have declining markets. However, among smaller importers Indonesia, the United
States, Malaysia, Thailand, the Côté d’Ivoire, Chile and China have shown strong import
growth.
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 60 100 45 1,333 329 0
Germany 52 87 24 2,167 373 1 21 1
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
Austria 995 527 1,888 -6 -5 105 0
Brazil 905 1,220 742 -18 2 44 0
Denmark 847 981 863 9 21 55 0
Mexico 833 1,263 660 3 14 62 0
Poland 802 1,075 746 6 23 11 0
Lithuania 752 555 1,355 -11 -10 -38 0
Czech Republic 744 1,625 458 -29 -16 3 0
Finland 721 575 1,254 13 14 4 0
Portugal 650 942 690 58 86 110 0
Greece 558 707 789 13 22 89 0
Sweden 510 331 1,541 -19 -6 84 0
Belarus 465 626 743 65 69 -68 0
Bulgaria 391 501 780 71 87 96 0
Syrian Arab
Republic 354 366 967 0
Guatemala 350 215 1,628 6 -3 -23 0
Romania 345 774 446 41 36 311 0
New Zealand 337 798 422 123 220 108 0
Maldives 334 443 754 -5 -8 -19 0
Slovenia 322 476 676 -23 -12 22 0

Table 19. The world’s main importers of dried onions (HS071220) in 2002
Gherkins, prepared or preserved (HS200110)
Ranked 22nd
in the world, Kazakhstan exported 199 tons of gherkins to the Russian Federation in
2002, worth US$ 50, 000. Exports of gherkins increased by 1% on average per year in value and
by 17% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002.
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported gherkins only to the Russian Federation (see table 20).
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World
estimation 184,647 132,903 1,389 0 8 10 100
Germany 39,089 20,347 1,921 1 7 16 21
United Kingdom 18,350 9,429 1,946 -5 -1 -6 9
Netherlands 14,147 8,659 1,634 -2 3 13 7
Japan 13,766 5,023 2,741 -3 -2 -1 7
Canada 12,616 5,835 2,162 1 0 1 6
Australia 5,910 2,815 2,099 3 4 8 3
France 4,848 3,133 1,547 2 17 33 2
Brazil 4,366 2,119 2,060 -1 4 -2 2
Belgium 4,164 3,915 1,064 4 5 6 2
Poland 3,910 2,516 1,554 1 5 54 2
Sweden 3,902 1,527 2,555 -6 -5 -4 2
Indonesia 3,634 1,836 1,979 23 9 -14 1
Denmark 3,164 1,449 2,184 13 12 53 1
Switzerland 3,032 1,199 2,529 -2 1 0 1
Austria 2,735 1,155 2,368 3 6 16 1
United States of
America 2,635 2,155 1,223 24 62 108 1
Malaysia 2,631 9,378 281 30 58 48 1
Ireland 2,292 1,126 2,036 5 12 -10 1
Italy 2,198 1,603 1,371 -8 -2 18 1
Philippines 2,139 1,275 1,678 6 1
Israel 1,896 0 0 -6 1
New Zealand 1,881 774 2,430 10 5 7 1
Finland 1,860 815 2,282 -4 0 -4 1
Russian
Federation 1,811 3,608 502 -12 19 40 0
Spain 1,698 1,481 1,147 -6 3 44 0
Norway 1,670 617 2,707 1 1 14 0
Mexico 1,508 18,131 83 19 151 27 0
Czech Republic 1,431 630 2,271 -2 1 14 0
Croatia 1,427 883 1,616 -16 -5 39 0
Singapore 1,325 685 1,934 5 -12 3 0
Colombia 1,184 661 1,791 0 13 15 0
Thailand 993 362 2,743 53 36 82 0
Côte d'Ivoire 985 366 2,691 33 32 -9 0
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 981 854 1,149 0 6 123 0
Chile 951 0 26 50 0
South Africa 902 591 1,526 -10 0
China 878 576 1,524 21 48 105 0
Greece 862 2,223 388 8 58 22 0
Taiwan, Province
of (China) 701 366 1,915 91 103 0 0

Table 20. Kazakhstan’s exports of gherkins (HS200110) in 2002
in the Russian market. Exports of gherkins to Russia increased by 1% on
average per year in value and by 17% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002.
Russian imports of gherkins increased in value by 11% on average per year during this period
in world imports of gherkins. The world’s largest importers are
Germany, France, and the United States. With the exception of France, these are all growing
import markets. The highest unit values are paid in Ireland and Luxembourg, both countries have
shown strong growth in the gherkin import market.
Table 21. The world’s main importers of gherkins (HS200110) in 2002
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 50 100 199 251 1 17 127 0
Russian
Federation 50 100 199 251 1 17 127 4 9 11
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World
estimation 234,341 373,394 628 0 8 8 100
Germany 36,500 48,140 758 3 6 28 15
France 34,867 33,918 1,028 -7 -1 3 14
United States of
America 24,301 25,172 965 5 0 -3 10
Russian
Federation 23,049 76,103 303 11 17 34 9
Netherlands 10,712 12,427 862 -20 -14 -19 4
United Kingdom 9,804 11,936 821 -8 -4 -6 4
Ireland 9,309 6,335 1,469 117 133 62 3
Belgium 8,526 11,744 726 -8 -9 -1 3
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 5,990 6,204 966 10 15 -7 2
Canada 5,444 6,851 795 -11 -11 -17 2
Spain 5,235 6,537 801 3 6 12 2
Japan 5,207 4,845 1,075 4 4 -11 2
Austria 4,489 6,360 706 0 -14 8 1
Denmark 4,378 6,290 696 -1 10 -2 1
Switzerland 3,774 3,129 1,206 9 12 21 1
Sweden 3,690 4,104 899 6 7 17 1
Australia 3,001 3,859 778 -5 3 50 1
Italy 2,850 3,597 792 -3 7 39 1
Croatia 2,676 3,295 812 18 31 78 1
Kuwait 2,465 4,458 553 6 12 27 1
Mexico 1,909 52,718 36 12 148 21 0
Latvia 1,727 3,691 468 37 32 16 0
Estonia 1,658 2,753 602 23 35 17 0
United Arab
Emirates 1,533 2,588 592 18 10 15 0
Finland 1,498 1,372 1,092 34 42 39 0

‘Mixed vegetables not frozen’ (HS200590)
Ranked 94th
in the world, Kazakhstan exported 89 tons of ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ to the
Russian Federation in 2002, worth US$ 46, 000. World imports increased by 3% on average per
year in value between 1998 and 2002.
In 2002 Kazakhstan exported ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ to the Russian Federation (see table
22).
Table 22. Kazakhstan’s exports of ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ (HS200590) in 2002
in the Russian market, accounting for 1% of the country’s total imports of
these products. Kazakhstan’s unit value for ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ in Russia, of US$ 517
per ton, is higher than the average price of all suppliers to the Russian market (Italy, Spain,
Uzbekistan and Yugoslavia).
The Russian Federation ranks 22nd
in world imports of ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’. The
world’s largest importers are Japan, The United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, France,
Canada, Belgium and the Netherlands. With the exception of Germany, these are large and
growing import markets. The Bahamas, Spain, Taiwan and the United Arab Emirates have
shown the strongest growth in imports. The highest average value per unit was paid by
Switzerland.
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 46 100 89 517 -69 3
Russian
Federation 46 100 89 517 -69 22 0 -15
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
Czech Republic 1,439 3,274 440 33 36 6 0
Israel 1,417 0 43 42 0
New Zealand 1,179 1,296 910 -7 -13 5 0
Saudi Arabia 1,079 1,944 555 31 31 -16 0
Hong Kong
(SARC) 907 790 1,148 26 29 16 0
Belarus 905 1,857 487 9 29 -13 0
Greece 891 864 1,031 9 9 23 0
Lithuania 885 1,474 600 -1 -2 -35 0
Luxembourg 808 437 1,849 7 6 3 0
Slovenia 747 1,082 690 13 14 8 0
Poland 722 945 764 8 6 -25 0
Slovakia 650 1,258 517 1 4 -43 0
Romania 545 980 556 -18 -27 -11 0
Portugal 539 579 931 7 16 18 0

Table 23. The world’s main importers of ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ (HS200590) in 2002
Dried, shelled beans (HS071339)
Ranked 56th
in the world, Kazakhstan exported 57 tons of dried beans in 2002, worth US$
36,000. World imports increased by 8% on average per year in value between 1998-2002.
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried beans to Germany and Turkey (see table 24).
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World
estimation 1,263,476 0 3 8 8 100
Japan 287,308 230,651 1,246 7 8 3 22
United States of
America 204,074 188,383 1,083 1 6 7 16
Germany 144,191 185,156 779 -2 0 8 11
United Kingdom 83,497 68,608 1,217 5 24 24 6
France 72,008 65,600 1,098 6 4 27 5
Canada 62,705 70,499 889 5 6 -7 4
Belgium 55,626 48,583 1,145 4 -3 17 4
Netherlands 35,287 29,263 1,206 11 10 37 2
Spain 27,343 22,309 1,226 17 17 28 2
Italy 22,317 22,245 1,003 8 13 -2 1
Oman 18,223 30,283 602 62 1
Sweden 16,919 13,097 1,292 6 11 36 1
Hong Kong
(SARC) 13,975 21,670 645 0 2 -9 1
Saudi Arabia 13,441 32,200 417 2 12 7 1
Australia 12,423 10,915 1,138 -3 3 9 0
Special
categories 12,241 13,694 894 -26 -16 -16 0
Switzerland 11,142 4,775 2,333 4 6 25 0
Mexico 10,765 91,125 118 4 83 -7 0
Austria 10,042 8,969 1,120 12 16 5 0
Bahamas 9,728 7,955 1,223 60 53 71 0
Denmark 8,816 5,350 1,648 -2 1 0 0
Russian
Federation 8,530 28,653 298 -15 -3 -4 0
Greece 5,847 5,855 999 13 20 20 0
Ireland 5,373 4,323 1,243 14 18 28 0
Portugal 4,636 4,794 967 12 0 11 0
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 4,379 5,858 748 20 36 29 0
Luxembourg 4,360 2,544 1,714 2 0 13 0
Israel 3,813 0 2 0 0
Taiwan, Province
of (China) 3,666 4,062 903 17 19 3 0
United Arab
Emirates 3,657 6,787 539 16 21 19 0
Singapore 3,382 3,525 959 -5 -6 -12 0
New Zealand 3,193 2,348 1,360 2 -6 3 0
Czech Republic 3,184 5,884 541 6 2 58 0
Malaysia 2,665 7,165 372 0 3 2 0
Norway 2,507 1,943 1,290 1 3 -6 0
Qatar 2,436 2,837 859 13 0
Croatia 2,410 2,159 1,116 9 12 26 0
Area Nes 2,346 1,411 1,663 9 -1 -48 0
Finland 2,300 1,334 1,724 -11 -7 -7 0

Table 24. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried, shelled beans (HS071339) in 2002
in the German market, accounting for 1% of the country’s total imports.
Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried beans in Germany, of US$ 889 per ton, is higher than the
average price amongst all the suppliers to the German market (Turkey, China, The United States,
Spain, Peru, Thailand, Canada, Argentina, Chile and the Ukraine).
in the Turkish market, accounting for 1% of the country’s total imports
after China, Iran, Canada, Argentina, Kyrgyzstan and Egypt. The unit value for dried beans in
Turkey, of US$ 522 per ton, is higher than Iran but lower than the average price of all suppliers
in the Turkish market (China, Canada, Kyrgyzstan, Argentina and Egypt).
Germany and Turkey rank 26th
and 25th
respectively in world imports of dried beans. The
world’s largest importers are the United States, India, Japan and Haiti. In India and the United
States the markets are growing, however, in Japan and Haiti they are declining. The fastest
growing market, by far, is in Ireland, followed by Guinea, Zambia and Columbia.
Table 25. The world’s main importers of dried, shelled beans (HS071339) in 2002
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 36 100 57 632 -29 8
Germany 16 44 18 889 26 0 6
Turkey 12 33 23 522 71 25 0 -5
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World
estimation 282,642 588,442 480 8 11 16 100
United States of
America 64,815 111,713 580 45 46 41 22
India 45,512 172,421 264 37 44 42 16
Japan 18,344 32,533 564 -7 -4 -6 6
Haiti 10,003 15,163 660 -2 -10 -15 3
Mozambique 9,279 15,782 588 -1 3
Canada 8,957 11,492 779 4 -4 25 3
Zimbabwe 8,484 0 16535 3
Algeria 8,381 17,701 473 22 26 -46 2
France 7,787 11,389 684 2 4 -5 2
Malaysia 7,626 19,393 393 6 6 -6 2
Italy 7,363 12,904 571 38 57 102 2
Dominican
Republic 7,357 12,208 603 3 0 -15 2
United Kingdom 6,890 9,714 709 -2 0 11 2
Angola 6,728 14,630 460 45 50 11 2
Greece 3,844 4,411 871 19 19 93 1
Singapore 3,727 9,717 384 -28 -28 15 1
South Africa 3,113 8,139 382 111 1
Indonesia 3,110 11,115 280 10 4 72 1
Spain 2,970 4,382 678 -22 -20 -51 1
Zambia 2,778 703 3,952 76 32 8581 0
Colombia 2,666 4,221 632 72 103 4661 0
Sri Lanka 2,408 7,087 340 -10 0
Malawi 2,129 3,466 614 1175 0
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 1,917 7,025 273 -7 -2 4 0

Dried apricots (HS081310)
Ranked 42nd
in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of dried apricots reached 57 tons in 2002, worth
US$ 36, 000. Exports of dried apricots decreased by 34% on average per year in value and by
15% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. World imports decreased by 4% on
average per year in value during this time
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried apricots to China and the Russian Federation (see table 26).
Table 26. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried apricots (HS081310) in 2002
Kazakhstan ranks 2nd
in the Chinese market, accounting for 8% of the country’s total imports
after Turkey. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried apricots in China, of US$ 750 per ton, is the
highest amongst all suppliers to China.
in the Russian market. Its export value decreased by 34% on average per
year between 1998 and 2002. Russian imports of dried apricots increased by 13% on average per
year during this period. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried apricots in Russia, of US$ 545 per ton,
is higher than the average price amongst all suppliers to the Russian market (Tajikistan, Iran and
Turkey).
China and the Russian Federation rank 46th
and 5th
in world imports of dried apricots. The
world’s largest importers are the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany. The
markets have been fluctuating in terms of import values, but in terms of quantity imports have
increased. Strong growth, both in quality and quantity was shown in Slovakia, Finland, Greece
and Mexico. After the Ukraine, average unit values are the highest in Switzerland.
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 36 100 57 632 -34 -15 -51 -4
China 18 50 24 750 46 0 276
Russian
Federation 18 50 33 545 -34 -15 -51 5 5 13

Table 27. The world’s main importers of dried apricots (HS081310) in 2002
Dried mushrooms (HS071230)
Ranked 59th
in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of dried mushrooms reached 2 tons in 2002,
worth US$ 34, 000. World imports declined by 5% on average per year in value between 1998
and 2002.
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried mushrooms only to Germany (see table 28).
Table 28. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried mushrooms (HS071230) in 2002
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 34 100 2 17,000 -5
Germany 34 100 2 17,000 6 6 0
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World
estimation 163,152 107,061 1,524 -4 14 21 100
United States of
America 31,414 16,951 1,853 -6 5 45 19
United Kingdom 18,122 9,153 1,980 -8 4 18 11
France 15,870 7,134 2,225 -4 7 66 9
Germany 15,397 8,160 1,887 -5 6 44 9
Russian
Federation 9,371 26,937 348 13 50 -41 5
Australia 8,818 5,677 1,553 -3 10 15 5
Netherlands 4,994 2,512 1,988 -13 -4 29 3
Switzerland 4,617 1,251 3,691 -6 -1 18 2
Canada 4,138 2,287 1,809 -6 4 6 2
Japan 3,759 1,037 3,625 -6 -1 -20 2
Spain 3,180 1,424 2,233 -6 5 52 1
New Zealand 3,101 1,546 2,006 -6 4 6 1
Poland 2,833 1,474 1,922 11 14 99 1
Italy 2,665 1,081 2,465 -11 -3 58 1
India 2,559 1,951 1,312 3 10 20 1
Belgium 2,327 1,163 2,001 -2 12 67 1
Denmark 2,105 932 2,259 -3 5 39 1
Greece 2,045 690 2,964 17 25 156 1
Brazil 1,813 761 2,382 -11 -1 37 1
Mexico 1,802 2,080 866 16 49 27 1
Egypt 1,712 917 1,867 -9 4 47 1
Czech Republic 1,643 1,079 1,523 5 26 70 1
Sweden 1,546 755 2,048 -9 2 18 0
Israel 1,404 0 -17 -44 0
Slovakia 1,068 414 2,580 34 38 154 0
Ukraine 1,065 249 4,277 -21 0
Turkey 1,051 808 1,301 -9 4 -6 0
Austria 1,049 364 2,882 -1 5 6 0
Norway 983 419 2,346 -5 4 18 0
Free Zones 905 395 2,291 20 27 -14 0
Finland 827 303 2,729 -11 -3 42 0
Iraq 744 952 782 29 29 -41 0
Lithuania 728 829 878 11 53 18 0
Latvia 595 588 1,012 -1 21 1 0
Portugal 512 201 2,547 -6 0 85 0
Slovenia 464 191 2,429 1 16 30 0
United Arab
Emirates 446 234 1,906 10 17 51 0
Singapore 419 229 1,830 -10 0 -49 0
Saudi Arabia 411 539 763 -9 5 49 0

Kazakhstan ranks 23rd
in the German market. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried mushrooms of
US$ 17,000 per ton higher than the average price amongst all suppliers in the German market
(Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Taiwan, Russia, Italy and Hungary).
Germany ranks 6th
in world imports of dried mushrooms. The world’s largest importers are
Japan, Hong Kong, Italy, France, the United States and Switzerland. These are large import
markets, but values have been declining. Much smaller but strongly growing import markets are
Thailand, Viet Nam, Turkey and Romania. Switzerland has by far the highest unit value per ton.
Table 29. The world’s main importers of dried mushrooms (HS071230) in 2002
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World estimation 309,623 0 -5 3 6 100
Japan 86,665 11,356 7,632 -5 0 1 27
Hong Kong
(SARC) 41,677 9,316 4,474 -10 4 38 13
Italy 35,062 2,343 14,965 -6 3 -12 11
France 22,983 1,752 13,118 -6 -2 26 7
United States of
America 19,794 2,451 8,076 -2 3 28 6
Germany 19,124 2,039 9,379 0 6 -14 6
Switzerland 12,987 422 30,775 -9 -6 -7 4
Singapore 10,623 1,906 5,573 -4 -3 28 3
United Kingdom 6,902 1,070 6,450 -3 7 6 2
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 5,506 1,745 3,155 6 2 14 1
Malaysia 5,161 3,940 1,310 -16 18 8 1
Poland 4,770 510 9,353 -6 -7 -14 1
Canada 4,712 948 4,970 3 -2 9 1
Netherlands 4,318 426 10,136 4 2 27 1
Thailand 4,115 895 4,598 26 18 42 1
Spain 2,310 471 4,904 15 33 -10 0
Australia 2,240 306 7,320 -2 -2 18 0
Austria 2,132 116 18,379 -10 -45 23 0
Belgium 1,822 461 3,952 15 75 16 0
Norway 1,074 44 24,409 -2 -1 0 0
Viet Nam 1,009 341 2,959 50 35 32 0
Taiwan, Province
of (China) 958 354 2,706 0 14 10 0
Israel 866 0 -7 11 0
Turkey 774 403 1,921 12 53 18 0
Yugoslavia 774 56 13,821 -3 5 -48 0
Sweden 721 115 6,270 2 29 75 0
Brazil 571 121 4,719 -16 4 -19 0
Korea, Dem.
People's Rep. of 556 137 4,058 41 47 -71 0
Philippines 546 361 1,512 17 0
Indonesia 542 453 1,196 16 -4 67 0
Romania 518 43 12,047 166 127 0
Czech Republic 493 59 8,356 -2 0 29 0
Denmark 491 99 4,960 -6 2 -13 0
New Zealand 481 69 6,971 18 21 31 0
Russian
Federation 452 206 2,194 20 48 49 0
Croatia 446 22 20,273 7 10 40 0
Slovenia 384 24 16,000 -18 -15 -47 0
Macau 334 186 1,796 1 10 28 0
Slovakia 294 18 16,333 12 12 4 0

Preserved Vegetables, fruits and nuts (HS200190)
Ranked 85th
in the world, Kazakhstan’s export of vegetables, fruits and nuts reached 100 tons in
2002, worth US$ 32, 000. Exports of these products expanded by 28% on average per year in
value and by 40% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. World imports
increased by 10% in value year-on-year during this period.
In 2002, Kazakhstan exported vegetables, fruits and nuts to the Russian Federation (see table
30).
Table 30. Kazakhstan’s exports of vegetables, fruit, nuts (HS200190) in 2002
in the Russian market, it increased its market value in Russia at 28% on
average per year between 1998 and 2002. Russian imports of these products decreased by 5% on
average per year during this period. Kazakhstan’s unit value for vegetables, fruits and nuts in
Russia, of US$ 320 per ton, is higher than the average price amongst all suppliers to the Russian
market (Bulgaria, Hungary, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Armenia and Tajikistan).
in world imports of vegetables, fruits and nuts. The world’s
largest importers are the United States, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, Saudi
Arabia and France. The United Kingdom, together with Israel, Mexico, Ireland and Korea also
belong to the fastest growing markets.
Importers
Exported
value
2002 in
US$
thousand
Share in
Kazakhstan's
exports, %
Exported
quantity
2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Export trend
in value
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export trend
in quantity
between 98-
02, %, p.a.
Export
growth in
value
between 01-
02, %, p.a.
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
imports
Share of
partner
countries in
world imports,
%
Total import
growth in value of
partner countries
between 98-02, %,
p.a.
Total 32 100 100 320 28 40 -52 10
Russian
Federation 32 100 100 320 28 40 -52 14 1 -5

Table 31. The world’s main importers of vegetables, fruit, nuts (HS200190) in 2002
Importers
Value imported in
2002 in US$
thousand
Qty imported
in 2002
(tons)
Unit value
(US$ per
unit)
Annual growth in
value between 98-
02,%
Annual growth in
quantity between
98-02,%
Annual growth in
value between 01-
02,%
Share in world
imports%
World
estimation 589,617 0 10 12 13 100
United States of
America 180,045 170,293 1,057 12 10 10 30
Germany 83,158 92,533 899 11 14 27 14
Japan 32,806 27,015 1,214 14 14 11 5
United Kingdom 29,216 25,015 1,168 18 25 6 4
Canada 24,996 25,989 962 12 11 55 4
Saudi Arabia 21,142 25,877 817 9 14 5 3
France 20,839 13,906 1,499 4 1 25 3
Italy 17,872 15,486 1,154 11 14 -16 3
Netherlands 16,961 16,663 1,018 11 13 27 2
Belgium 15,715 17,586 894 7 14 10 2
Switzerland 12,323 5,618 2,193 -1 6 16 2
Austria 11,027 8,832 1,249 10 14 4 1
Sweden 9,401 7,052 1,333 5 5 19 1
Russian
Federation 8,114 23,736 342 -5 2 3 1
Denmark 7,981 9,187 869 3 12 11 1
Spain 7,657 8,001 957 9 19 4 1
Australia 7,589 4,201 1,806 7 11 28 1
Korea, Rep. of
Korea 5,769 8,971 643 28 25 8 0
Ireland 5,311 3,667 1,448 21 23 13 0
Hong Kong
(SARC) 4,905 2,697 1,819 0 -5 -20 0
Singapore 3,612 2,445 1,477 -3 -1 4 0
Poland 3,373 4,814 701 -6 -1 -9 0
Portugal 3,231 2,291 1,410 5 8 26 0
Czech Republic 3,204 5,112 627 7 9 53 0
Norway 3,054 1,337 2,284 -9 -11 -27 0
Israel 2,933 0 35 125 0
Mexico 2,370 21,870 108 29 139 40 0
United Arab
Emirates 2,343 2,318 1,011 -1 2 -7 0
Finland 2,229 1,570 1,420 12 10 51 0
Bermuda 1,943 1,970 986 0 3 513 0
Greece 1,929 1,541 1,252 1 5 9 0
New Zealand 1,878 1,223 1,536 7 4 64 0
Slovakia 1,856 2,689 690 -1 1 12 0
Croatia 1,741 1,845 944 7 15 82 0
Costa Rica 1,687 1,082 1,559 4 6 17 0
Kuwait 1,634 1,194 1,369 -1 2 103 0
Brazil 1,605 1,236 1,299 0 6 7 0
Slovenia 1,429 1,334 1,071 23 20 57 0
Qatar 1,223 1,467 834 10 0

C. Further market opportunities for fruits and vegetables
While this report focused mainly on processed fruit and vegetables as food products, there are
additional market opportunities for fruit and vegetable products. Increased demand for food
ingredients in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, as well as natural food additives, provides for
growing niche markets, in which Kazakh products seem to participate. Below are brief
descriptions of export opportunities in these markets, given the range of fruit and vegetable
products grown in Kazakhstan.
Cosmetics
There are no exact figures about the volume of fruit and vegetable products used by the cosmetic
industry. But demand for natural ingredients is growing, as consumers have become more
sophisticated and interested in natural products. Mass producers as well as up-market brands shift
their production increasingly to the use of natural ingredients. The EU is the world’s largest
producer of cosmetic products, followed by the United States and Japan. Products included in
that category are raw plant material (HS 12), vegetable saps and extracts (HS 13), vegetable
(and animal) derived oils, fats and waxes (HS 15), essential oil and oleoresins (HS 3301),
colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin (HS 3203).
Some examples of ingredients based on fruit and vegetables grown in Kazakhstan are:
• Almond oil/ almond butter are products widely used in natural cosmetics, soap- making
and perfumes. They are derived from almond kernels and serve as an odourless base.
• Apricot Kernel Oil can be used on its own or in massage products as well as for lip balms
and cream.
• Oil derived from carrots or carrot seeds both serve for regeneration and nutrition of the
skin.
• Grape seed Oil is a very light and odourless oil, used widely in massage products, either
alone or mixed with almond oil.
• Hazelnut oil is widely used for massage products, as well as for hair care and
cream/lotion formulas.
• Honey has been used since Egyptian times as ingredient for medicines and cosmetic
purposes.
• Walnut shells, ground into a fine powder, used in skin creams, sun products or hair
colors.
Pharmaceuticals
As for cosmetics, it is not possible to give exact figures for the use of food industry products in
pharmaceuticals, because statistics do not specify medical and other uses individually. The EU is
one of the world’s largest producers of natural pharmaceuticals. Natural pharmaceutical products
consist of plants and parts of plants (including seeds) (HS 1211), medicinal and vegetable
saps and extracts (HS 1302 1991), and vegetable alkaloids (HS 2939).
A range of natural products used by the pharmaceutical industry, which have no medicinal
activity; are mainly the same as the ones used for cosmetics (see above). In addition to that
essential oils are widely used for medicines purposes, e.g. Lemon Essential Oil.

Food additives
Food additives are substances added to foods to perform a specific function. These functions
include preserving the food and changing the appearance or taste of the food (by adding colour or
flavour). Natural additives are substances found naturally in a foodstuff and are extracted from
this food to be used in another.
E.g. Beetroot juice with its bright purple colour can be used to colour foods such as sweets.
Walnut shells are used as flavour or colour for liquor production.
Summary
As mentioned above, all of these are worldwide growing niche markets. As part of the demand
on these markets consists of “rest products”, which develop in processing fruit and vegetables
(dried apricots consumer / apricot kernel cosmetic industry), such export opportunities
should be taken into consideration.

METHODOLOGY
Data source and nomenclatures
The analysis is based on the Harmonised System (HS) nomenclature of products, and is carried
out at a six-digit level (approximately 5,100 categories of products are covered). The aggregate
nature of the trade flow analysis can overstate the export potential, since products within the
same six-digit level group might not be perfect substitutes.
Calculations made at the product level are based on statistics extracted from the COMTRADE
database of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). COMTRADE has detailed trade
statistics at the product level. The results of the trade flow analysis are based on the most recent
available data.
The growth rates listed in the tables are calculated on an annual basis over the 1998-2002 period.
Interpretation and limitations
Although trade statistics provide a useful starting point for market research and assessing trade
performance, they present some limitations:
• Trade statistics do not fully capture all the transactions taking place between countries, owing
to compilation errors and omissions, smuggling and the non-reporting of transactions.
Different reporting standards amongst countries can exacerbate the problems of non-
comparability of data between countries;
• Trade statistics occasionally include re-exports, which can artificially inflate the extent of
trade;
• Even at the lowest level of desegregation, differentiated products exist within product groups;
• With respect to this particular study, only Kyrgyzstan reported its 2002 trade data to UNSD.
Therefore, ITC used mirror statistics to evaluate the other countries’ trade flows. This method
is a second-best solution since trade with other non-reporting countries is not recorded.
There is also the problem of trans-shipments, which may mask the actual source of supply.
Finally, mirror statistics invert the reporting standards by evaluating exports in c.i.f. terms
and imports in f.o.b. terms;
• Trade statistics refer to the total value of transactions, which may be very different from local
value added;
• Exchange rates fluctuations can affect the value of dollar denominated trade statistics, which
may not result from changes in volumes;

• Services are not included in the trade statistics used in this study.
In view of the aforementioned shortcomings, trade statistics should not be used as the only source
for evaluating regional trade potential. It should be emphasized that statistical trade data do not
always capture supply and demand characteristics in the commercial sense. The outcome of a
trade flow analysis as described in this working document therefore needs to be validated at
company levels.
Definitions
Descriptive statistical measures were used on production. The arithmetic mean is calculated as the
sum of all observations divided by the total number of observations. It provides us with an indicator
of what, on average, would be the value of production in the past. Formally:
X
X
n
i
i
n
= =
∑1
where X is the arithmetic mean, Xi
i
n
=
∑1
is the summation of all observations Xi and n is the sample
size.
Growth rates have been calculated on the basis of average annual percentage changes. They are
based on a model of continuous exponential growth between two points of time. Formally:
( )G
X
X
n
t
n t= −





 ×− 1 100
where G is the exponential growth rate between the first period point Xt and last period point Xn, to
the root of the number of intervals between these two points.
Value and quantity terms have been analyzed in order to ascertain a country’s trade opportunities.
Comparisons between countries’ export unit prices have also been used. Unfavorable terms of trade
might result from lower product quality, lower negotiating power, unfavorable market timing for
launching a product or the accumulation of stocks. Caution should also be applied to statistics on
quantities since these are more difficult to collect and are likely to suffer from higher statistical
errors.

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