Different abiotic stress in plants

1. SEMINAR
ON
GP 510: Breeding for Biotic and Abiotic Stress
Resistance
in
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
Date: 8th February 2017

3. Significant deviation from optimal conditions for
life that adversely affect growth, development
and productivity.

4.  Abiotic stress is the major limitation to crop production
worldwide.
 Depending on crop Biotic and Abiotic stresses reduce
average productivity by 65% to 87%.
 For instance, Bray et al. (2000) estimates that 51–82% of
the potential yield of annual crops is lost due to abiotic
stress.

5.  Stress act as catalyst in producing free
radical reactions where ROS (reactive
oxygen species) produced.
 ROS - O2
- superoxide radicals;
OH hydroxyl radical;
RO alkoxy radicals and
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
Stress
Plant
cell
ROS
OXIDATIVE
STRESS
DEAT
H

6. Abiotic Biotic

7. Abiotic
Stress
Factors
Temperature
LightMineral
1. High temperatures
2. Low temperatures
1. High light intensity
2. Low light intensity
1.Acidity
2.Salinity
3.Alkalinity
1. Flood
2. Drought
Toxicity
Deficiency

8. Character of Abiotic stress
Location specific.
Unpredictable
Additive nature
Loss depends on stage of occurrence
and species.

10. High light: excess excitation of
photosynthetic centres,
accumulation of various ROS.
High temperature:
denaturation of protein and
lipid peroxidation.
Water deficit: draught stress,
ROS production,
Salinity: ion toxicity, mineral
stress, osmotic stress.
Cold stress: alters
membrane activity, metabolic
activity, injure cells and
tissues.

11. High temperature (>350C)
 Denature proteins and also
heavy water loses.
Low temperature (12 to 130C,
while -0 to -50C is lethal)
 Tropical plants more sensitive
 Formation of ice crystals.
Disruption of cell membranes
 Intercellular ice formation will
lead to drought situation

12. Reasons-Low percolation rate, Heavy soil, Heavy
downpour.
 Decreased O2 availability in root zone.
 Lowered ATP production

13. Major abiotic stress, Induced by
many environmental
conditions:
 No rainfall
 High salt concentration (reverse
osmosis)
 Low/High temperature
 Transient loss of turgor/soil
porosity/structure and texture

14.  Flow of water is
reversed- Reverse
osmosis
 Accumulation of
potentially toxic,
carbonate and
chloride ions.

15. Temperature

16. Nutrien
t

17. Moisture

19. Escape
Avoidance
Tolerance

20. Draught survival

21. Salt tolerance mechanism
Ion Exclussion
Ion excretion
Cell level
compartmentation
Plant level
compartmentation

22. Transpirational
cooling
Leaf rolling
Osmo
protectants
Early
maturation
Expression of
stress protein
Changing leaf
orientation
High
temperature
stress
survivability

24. Crop Variety Salient feature
Tomato
Pusa Sheetal Fruit setting at 80C night temperature
Pusa Sadabahar
Thermo-insensitive (grown at 8-300C night
temperature), fruit set takes place almost
round the year, both hot and cold set
Arka Ashish, Tolerant to Cracking
Cucumber
Poinsette Gynoecious cucumber
Pusa Barkha
Tolerant to high humidity and temperatures
(kharif variety)
Sponge gourd Pusa Sneha Tolerant to high Temperature
Cabbage
Pusa Ageti Tropical cabbage (Forms head15-300C)
September Resistant to cracking
Cauliflower
Pusa Early Synthetic Riceyness resistant
Pusa Snowball Self blanching
Cowpea
Arka Garima Heat and Drought tolerant
Pusa Dofasli Photo insensitive

25.  In conclusion, to meet the global food
requirement under emerging stress
conditions,
› Stress physiology with respect to different
crops should be studied under specific
regions.
› Improved breeding methods incorporated for
the development of sustainable varieties.