1. Decline of Mughal
Empire1707-1857

2. BBA (Hons) Evening 7th Semester
Presented by
Syed Aqib ali 1105
M.Mudassar Ahmad 1087
M.Huzaifa 1084
M.Rizwan Naseer 1089
Nimra Shafiq 1026
Presented to Prof Dr. Zabir Saeed Badar

3. Content
 Background
 Invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali
 Rule of Syed Brothers
 Degenarated characters of rulers
 Aurangzeb’s Policies
 Size of the Empire
 Wars of succession
 The incompetent successors of Aurangzeb
 Internal intrigues
 Moral decadence of Muslim society
 Demoralized and in efficient army
 Absence of Navel power
 Rise of Marathas and Sikhs
 Modern views on the decline

4. Background
 Aurangzeb's death the empire rapidly disintegrated;
various provincial governors became virtually
independent .
 As these regional rulers competed for control over
territory, they sought alliances with Europeans to gain
additional armies and military prowess.

 In the cities, rule devolved to various self-regulating
communities of merchants and to displaced Mughal
courtiers, who took up cultural patronage and began
to remake cultural systems in the interests of localities.

5. Con’t
 This creative ferment was viewed as anarchy and
decline by European observers.
 In the cities, rule devolved to various self-regulating
communities of merchants and to displaced Mughal
courtiers, who took up cultural patronage and began
to remake cultural systems in the interests of localities.
 This creative ferment was viewed as anarchy and
decline by European observers.
 Political control devolved to the regional courts of
successor states.

6. Invasions of Nadir Shah
 In 1738 the Persian king nadir shah attacked on Delhi
and defeated Mughal king Muhammad shah.
 He sacked Delhi slaughtering thousands of people and
looting all the wealth of Mughals
 In which the famous peacock, throne and the
Kohinoor diamond included.

7. Invasions of Ahmad Shah Abdali
 Between 1748 and 1761 he launched five attacks into
subcontinent in the final attack, he defeated the
Marathas at the third battle of Panipat but it again
brought to light the weakness of Mughals.
 Consequently the British felt emboldened and kick
started their own campaigns to capture territory the
sub-continent.

8. Rule of Syed Brothers
 The main reason of Mughal decline was the rule of
Sayyid brothers.
 They used the emperor for their personal
achievements
 Both controlled the Mughal empire at the back foot
after 1707.
 Hussain Ali Khan was murdered at Fatehpur Sikri in
1720
 Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha was fatally poisoned in
1722.

9. Aurangzeb’s Policies
 Aurangzeb failed to realize that the vast Mughal
Empire depended on the willing support of the people.
He lost the support of the Rajputs who had
contributed greatly to the strength of the Empire.
 They had acted as pillars of support, but Aurangzeb’s
policy turned them to bitter foes. The wars with the
Sikhs, the Marathas, the Jats and the Rajputs had
drained the resources of the Mughal Empire.

10. Size of the Empire
 The Mughal Empire had become too large to be
controlled by any ruler from one centre i.e. Delhi.
 The Great Mughals were efficient and exercised
control over ministers and army, but the later Mughals
were poor administrators.
 As a result, the distant provinces became
independent. The rise of independent states led to the
disintegration of the Mughal Empire.

11. War of succession
 The successors of Aurangzeb were weak and became
victims of the intrigues and conspiracies of the
faction-ridden nobles.
 They were inefficient generals and incapable of
suppressing revolts.
 The absence of a strong ruler, an efficient bureaucracy
and a capable army had made the Mughal Empire
weak.

12. The incompetent successors of
Aurangzeb
 The successors of Aurangzeb were not competent
enough to administrate the vast Mughal Empire. After
the Aurangzeb’s death, laxity had set in and the end of
Mughal Empire.
 The succesors of Humayun, Babar and Akbar were to
some extent competent but the Jehangir successors
were busy in life this leads to morale disintegration
due to their interest in spending luxurious life the
Mughal emperors lacked the interest in the
administration.

13. Independent areas
 The reorganized Maratha government gradually
became preeminent in India, exacting taxes from the
whole Deccan except Hyderabad, which became
essentially independent of Delhi (1724) under its
governor, the Nizam-ul-Mulk (d. 1748).
 The governors of Avadh (Oudh) (1724) and Bengal
(1740) also became independent but maintained the
fiction of allegiance to the Mughal emperor.

14. Internal intrigues
 The internal intrigues had become a routine affair
during the waning days of Mughal Empire.
 The court was divided along sectarian and ethnic lines.
 The Mughal were engage, in fighting against the
nobles accelerated the demise the once mighty Mughal
Empire

15. Moral decadence of Muslim
society
 I H Qureshi say’s that, the foremost cause of the loss of
political power was a crisis in the Mughal character
itself

16. Demoralized and in efficient army
 In the Mughals army there was some ethnic groups which
leads it to demoralized like afghan, Persian, and central
Asian.
 Muslims were lacked the organized Army after death of
Jahangir the commanders of the Army were involved in
conspiracies in order to get to the throne where as their
main focus was the power then to concentrate on
Preparation to face aggression from out side.
 Portougees, French and English entered through sea route
for commercial purposes where they captured coastal areas
and built their Garrisons and formed strong organized
force consist of locals as well their own manpower.

17. Advent of East India Company:-
 Advent of east India company into Indian soil become
the last straw in to rule of Muslims they came to India
as the traders where they started their disruptive
activities and finally became the rulers of
subcontinents

18. Rise of Marathas and Sikhs
 During the days of Farukhsiar and Jahandar shah
Banda Bahadar has killed the governor of Sirhandi
wazir khan and captured the area where as
nationalism of Marahtas also rose to the extent that
their influence was to the Dehli.

19. Modern views on the decline
 Since the 1970s historians have taken multiple approaches
to the decline, with little consensus on which factor was
dominant. The psychological interpretations emphasize
depravity in high places, excessive luxury, and increasingly
narrow views that left the rulers unprepared for an external
challenge.
 In a religious interpretation, some scholars argue that the
Hindu powers revolted against the rule of a Muslim
dynasty.
 Finally, other scholars argue that the very prosperity of the
Empire inspired the provinces to achieve a high degree of
independence, thus weakening the imperial court.

20. Rise of British
 British came into sub continent as traders. But soon
their trade activities metamorphosed into political
activities. Owing the decline of Mughals, they started
to capture territories in the sub-continent. The
foundation of the British rule the sub-continent was
let after the defeat of Nawb Siraj ud Dula at the battle
of Plassey in 1757. After the failed War of
independence in 1857, the British became the rulers of
the subcontinent.

21. List of Mughals Emperors 1707-1857
 Qutb-ub-Din Muhammad MU’AZZAM Bahadur Shah 1:-
Life (1643-1712) Reign(1707-1712)
 Mirza MU’IZ-UD-Din Baig Muhamad Khan Jahandar Shah:-
Life (1661-1713) Reign(1712-1713)
 Jahandar Shah Farrukhsiyar:-
Life (1685-1719) Reign(1713-1719)
 Rafiud-Darajat :-
Life (1699-1719) Reign(Feb 1719 – June 1719)
 Rafi ud-Daulat (Shah Jhan 2):-
Life (1698-1719) Reign( June 1719- Sep 1719)

22.  Neku Siyar :-
Life (1679-1723) Reign( May 1719-Aug 1719)
 Muhammad Ibraham
Life (1703-1746) Reign(1719)
 Nasir-ud-Din Roshin Akhtar Muhammad Shah:
Life (1702-1748) Reign(1719-1748)
 Ahmad Shah Bahadur :-
Life (1725-1775) Reign(1748-1754)
 Aziz-ud-Din Alamgir 2:-
Life (1699-1759) Reign(1754-1759)

23.  Muhi-ul- millat (Shah Jahan 3):-
Life ( 1711-1772) Reign (1759-1760)
 Shah Alam Ali Gauhar (Shah Alam 2):-
Life (1728-1806) Reign(1759-1806)
 Abu Nasir Mu’in ud-din Mirza Muhammad Akbar Shah (Akbar2):-
Life (1760-1837) Reign(1806-1837)
 Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajudin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar :-
Life (1775-1862) Reign(1837-1857)

24. REFRENCES:-
 https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/
mughal-empire.htm
 http://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of-
india/decline-of-the-mughal-empire-in-india/1529
 https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Taj-
Mahal/The-Mughals.php
 https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/tipu-sultan.46096
 http://storyofpakistan.com/tipu-sultan
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire