Analytical techniques

1. Topic Presented To
Dr.Muhammad Haneef Sahb
Topic Presented By
Muhammad Qutb Ud Din
Roll no. 29
M.phil Zoology 1st (Regular)
Institute of Pure And Applied Biology, BZU Multan

2.  Definition of R
 Basic feature of R
 Exploring R GUI
 Data frame and list
 Handling data in R workshop
 Functions for Reading Data Into R
 Functions for Writing Data to Files

3. R is a programming language for statistical
computing and graphics supported by the R core
and R foundation
GUI:
GUI stands for graphical user interface

4.  Open source
 Strong graphical capabilities
 Highly active community
 Data handling and storage
 Interfacing with databases
 Running code without a compiler

5.  R is useful for web scraping
 It can perform multiple complex
mathematical operations with a single
command
 Using R Markdown it can create attractive
reports that combine plain text with code and
visualizations of the earth
 New ideas and technologies often appear in
the R community first

6.  R is a command line driven program. The
user enter command quickly and each
command is executed one at a time.
 GUI is R Commander, which can also run
under windows.

7.  Data frames are generic data objects of R
which are used to store the tabular data
 They are two dimensional, heterogeneous
data structures
 A list in R, however, comprises o elements,
vectors, data frames, v or lists that may
belong to differ

8.  The workspace is your current R working
environment and includes any user defined
objects(vectors, matrices, data frames, lists,
functions)
 At the end of an R session, the users can save
an image of the current workspace that is
automatically reloaded the next time R is
started

9.  There are few very useful functions for
reading data into R.
 Read table() and read.csv(common separated
values) are two popular functions used for
reading tabular data into R.
 Read lines() is used for reading lines from a
text files.
 Source() is a very useful function for reading
in R code files from another R program.
 Dget() functions is also reading in R code
files.

10.  There are some functions for writing data to
files.
 Write table() is used for writing tabular data
to text files.(i.e csv).
 Write lines() function is used for writing
character data line by line to a file or
connection.
 Dump() is function for dumping a textual
representation of multiple R object.

11. Thank You