Павел Чупин_Development and optimization android x86 applications от Intel

Development and
optimization
Android* x86 applications
Pavel Chupin
Staff Software Engineer
October 2013

Agenda
• Where we are on Android*
• Tools to start development on IA
• Get full speed with Android* NDK
• Tips and tricks on porting from ARM* to IA

• Resources and contacts

2
Copyright© 2013, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
*Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.

Devices

3

Devices details
Model number
(codename)
Atom Z2460
(platform
Medfield)[4][5]
Atom Z2480
(platform
Medfield)
Atom Z2420
(Lexington)[15]

Availabili
Utilizing devices
ty
Lenovo K800, Orange San
L1: 32kB Instruction
32-bit Dual-channel
Diego, Lava XOLO X900,
1.6 GHz single-core
PowerVR SGX 540 @
+ 24kB Data, L2:
400 MHz LPDDR2Q2 2012 MegaFon Mint, ZTE Grand X IN,
Saltwell
400 MHz
512kB
800 (6.4 GB/sec)
Ramos W32, XOLO x910,
Senkatel Maximus
32-bit Dual-channel
2 GHz single-core
PowerVR SGX 540 @
Motorola RAZR i, XOLO X1000,
+ 24kB Data, L2:
400 MHz LPDDR22012
Saltwell
400 MHz
Casper Via A6108
512kB
800 (6.4 GB/sec)
CPU

CPU cache

GPU

Memory
technology

32-bit Dual-channel
Xolo X500, Yolo, Acer Liquid
1.2 GHz single-core
PowerVR SGX 540 @
+ 24kB Data, L2:
400 MHz LPDDR2Q1, 2013 C1, Asus FonePad, Etisalat ESaltwell
400 MHz
512kB
800 (6.4 GB/sec)
20, Prestigio Multiphone 5430

32-bit Dual-channel
PowerVR SGX 545 @
+ 24kB Data, L2:
400 MHz LPDDR2Q4 2012
533 MHz
512kB (per core)
800 (6.4 GB/sec)

Asus VivoTab, Asus VivoTab
Smart, HP Envy x2, HP ElitePad
900, Dell Latitude 10 Lenovo
Thinkpad Tablet 2, Lenovo
IdeaTab Lynx, Samsung Series
5 Slate Acer Iconia W510 ZTE
V98, Acer Iconia W3, Samsung
ATIV Tab 3

Atom Z2560
1.6 GHz dual-core
(Clover Trail+)[41] Saltwell

PowerVR SGX 544
+ 24kB Data, L2:
MP2 @ 400 MHz
512kB (per core)

32-bit Dual-channel
1066 (8.5 GB/sec)

ASUS FonePad Note FHD 6,
Asus Memo Pad FHD 10,
Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 10.1inch

Atom Z2580
2 GHz dual-core
(Clover Trail+)[46] Saltwell

PowerVR SGX 544
+ 24kB Data, L2:
MP2 @ 533 MHz
512kB (per core)

32-bit Dual-channel
1066 (8.5 GB/sec)

Lenovo K900, ZTE Grand X2 In

Atom Z2760
(Cloverview,[23]
platform Clover
Trail[24]

1.8 GHz dual-core
Saltwell

4

Next gen: Silvermont™ architecture

•

22nm SoC process using 3-D Tri-gate transistors
Out of order execution
Scalable up to 8x cores
SIMD support up to SSE4.2
Up to ~3x peak performance at ~5x lower power over
the current-generation Intel® Atom™ processor core*
Will appear in 2013
Coming soon

•

*More details here:

•
•
•
•
•

http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2013/05/06/intel-launcheslow-power-high-performance-silvermont-microarchitecture

5

Agenda


6

Beacon Mountain Preview v0.6.1
A Development Environment for Native Android* Apps
on ARM* & Intel® Atom™ Devices

Intel & Third-Party Tools
Host Support for
Microsoft Windows* 7 & 8
and Apple OS X*
Android* Support for Jelly
Bean 4.2 and up

Free download at:
intel.com/software/BeaconMountain
7

Beacon Mountain Preview v0.6.1
A Development Environment for Native Android* Apps
on ARM* & Intel® Atom™ Devices






Comprehensive Android* Development Environment
For Intel® Atom™ & ARM* Smartphones, Tablets
App Tools for Design, Code, Debug & Acceleration
Update Notifications and Optional installation
Helps Shorten the Android* App Development Cycle

Intel Tools for x86
 Intel® Hardware Accelerated Execution
Manager
 Intel® Graphics Performance Analyzers
System Analyzer
 Intel® Integrated Performance Primitives
Preview
 Intel® Threading Building Blocks
 Intel® Software Manager

Third-Party Tools for ARM/x86
 Google* Android* SDK (ADT Bundle)
 Android* NDK
 Eclipse* Integrated Development
Environment
 Android* Design
 Cygwin* (for Microsoft* Windows operating
systems)

Free and Easy installation:
8

Intel Tools
Supporting Intel® AtomTM Devices
Intel® Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager

A hardware-assisted virtualization engine that uses Intel® Virtualization Technology to speed
up Android* emulation in a host environment.

Intel® Graphics Performance Analyzers System Analyzer

Optimize OpenGL* ES 1.0/2.0 workloads by providing a real-time view of over two dozen critical
system metrics covering the CPU, GPU, and the OpenGL* ES API.

Intel® Threading Building Blocks

C++ template library of pre-tested algorithms and features allow developers to efficiently
thread C++ mobile applications for performance, while lowering system energy.

Intel® Integrated Performance Primitives Preview

A library of pre-optimized image processing functions supporting Intel® smartphone and tablet
platforms running Android* OS. The preview release is a subset of the full Intel IPP product.

Intel® Software Manager

A utility that pushes messages about tool updates and other communications to developers.
9

Third-Party Tools

Supporting Intel® Atom™ & ARM* Devices

Google* Android* SDK (ADT Bundle for Microsoft Windows*)
API libraries and developer tools to build, test, and debug apps for Android
Android* NDK for x86
Supports implementation of application code using native C++/C

Eclipse* Integrated Development Environment
Part of the ADT bundle. Provides an integrated environment to build applications
Android* Design
Stencils, icons, styles and more to use within apps without restriction
Cygwin*
Linux-like environment for mixing Java and C/C++ code on Windows* systems
Oracle* Java SE Development Kit
A tool for building applications and components using Java1
10

1

Beacon Mountain checks your system to ensure you have the JDK installed. If you don’t, Beacon Mountain
directs you to the Oracle site to download the correct version

Faster Android* Emulation using an IA-based host
PC
Pre-built Atom Images
• Android* SDK manager has x86 emulation
images built-in
• To emulate an Atom-based Android* phone,
install the “Intel Atom x86 System Image”
available in the Android* SDK Manager

Much Faster Emulation
• Intel® Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager
(HAXM) for Mac and Windows uses Intel®
Virtualization Technology (VT) to accelerate
Android* emulator by 2-4x
• Intel VT is already supported in Linux* (KVM) for
x86.

See www.intel.com/software/Android*
for demo videos & installation tips

11

Intel x86 Atom
System Image

Intel x86
Emulator
Accelerator

Intel® Graphics Performance Analyzers
System Analyzer for Android

• Real-time system-level
performance analysis for Intelbased Android* devices
• Immediate experiments and
overwrites enable developers to
isolate CPU and GPU
performance problems
• Metrics for CPU, GPU, API,
memory, network, power, etc.

12

For on-device app testing: Intel® GPA System
Analyzer
Real-time Remote Performance and Power Profiling
Real-timecharts:
•
•
•
•

CPU metrics
Graphics API level metrics
Processor graphics hardware metrics
Power metrics

Data
Android*
Smart
Phone

Intel® GPA System
Analyzer running on
a PC

USB adb Connection
Wi-Fi Connection
Download Intel® GPA for FREE at intel.com/software/GPA

13

Intel® C++ Compiler for Android*
• Based on Intel® C/C++ Compiler XE 13.0
for Linux*
• Integrates into the Android* NDK as
additional toolchain which can be used from
the command-line
• Supports Intel® Atom™ processor
optimization

FREE
for
limited
time

Available on http://software.intel.com/c-compiler-android

14

Agenda


15

Android* Native Development Kit
(NDK)
Why use it?
• Performance intensive tasks
• signal-processing, complex algorithms, physics
simulation, graphics, etc.

• Take advantage of direct CPU/HW access
• write hot code using SIMD instructions

• Reuse code
• e.g. from PC segment

• Start from here:

http://developer.android.com/tools/sdk/ndk/index.html

16

NDK Application Development
C/C++
Code

APP_ABI := all
or APP_ABI := x86

SDK APIs

Java
calls

ndkbuild

Makefile

GDB
debug

through JNI

Java
Android* ApplicationsApplication
Java
Framework

JNI
Native Libs
Bionic C Library

17

NDK APIs

Fat binaries build and install
libs/x86/mylib.so
myapp.apk
libs/arm/mylib.so
libs/arm-v7a/mylib.so
libs/mips/mylib.so
libs/x86/mylib.so
libs/?/mylib.so

18

libs/arm-v7a/mylib.so

NDK compiler
• x86 is supported from NDK r6
• Get latest and greatest NDK-r9 (July 2013)!
• Support for Android* 4.3 (API level 18)
• GCC-4.8 included with Silvermont™ tuning available
(-march=slm/-mtune=slm switches)
• Bugfixes

19

Android* C++ support

By default, libstdc++ is used. It lacks:
- Standard C++ Library support (except some headers)
- C++ exceptions support
- RTTI support
Fortunately, you have other libs available with the NDK:
Choose which library to
compile against in your
Makefile (Application.mk
file):

Runtime

Exceptions RTTI

STL

system

No

No

No

gabi++

Yes

Yes

No

stlport

Yes

Yes

Yes

APP_STL := gnustl_shared

gnustl

Yes

Yes

Yes

Postfix the runtime with
_static or _shared

For using C++ features, you also need to enable these in your Makefile:
LOCAL_CPP_FEATURES += exceptions rtti
20

Why should I update GCC x86
compiler?
EEMBC® CoreMark® example
(higher = better)
base:

•

-O2 -ffast-math -mfpmath=sse -m32 -march=atom

•

base + if conversion

•

-O2 -ffast-math -mfpmath=sse -ftree-loop-if-convert
-m32 -march=atom

•

•

peak
•

-Ofast -funroll-loops -mfpmath=sse -m32 march=atom

for 4.4 and 4.5 versions “-Ofast” is replaced with O3 -ffast-math

http://software.intel.com/en-us/blogs/2013/05/28/why-should-i-update-gccx86-compiler-or-gcc-compiler-performance-on-intel-atom-from
21

Recommended GCC compiler options
Optimization level:

•
•

use -O2 at least, -Ofast for peak

Architecture:

•
•
•
•

-march=atom –mtune=atom –mssse3 to target Atom
-march=slm –mtune=slm –msse4.2 to target Silvermont
Note: -march=atom turns on -mmovbe which is not supported on all
x86. To avoid add –mno-movbe.

Math:

•
•
•

-ffast-math – fast but less accurate. Usually you don’t care
-mfpmath=sse – use sse for FP calculations instead of i387

Even more performance:

•
•

-flto

•

-funroll-loops

More: http://software.intel.com/blogs/2012/09/26/gcc-x86performance-hints
22

Recommended ICC compiler options
• Optimization level:
•

-O2 is default, -fast for peak (implies -static)

• Architecture:
•
•

-xATOM_SSSE3 to target Atom
-xATOM_SSE4.2 to target Silvermont (not available yet in
13.0)

• Math:
•
•

-no-prec-div – fast but less accurate. Usually you don’t care
-mfpmath=sse – use sse for FP calculations instead of i387

• Even more performance:
•
•

-O3
-ansi-alias

• -ipo
• -auto-p32
• -parallel
23

Agenda


24

Compatibility
“I want my app to run on all architectures”

• You already done for Java & HTML
• NDK based apps usually just needs a recompilation

APP_ABI := all

Application.mk

25

Target compiler options
• NDK-build system Android.mk file evaluated for
each architecture
• Variable TARGET_ARCH_ABI describes actual
architecture

TARGET_ARCH_ABI

x86
armeabi
armeabi-v7a

ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH_ABI),x86)
LOCAL_CFLAGS
:= -mtune=atom -mssse3
endif
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH_ABI),armeabi-v7a)
LOCAL_CFLAGS
:= -march=armv7-a
Endif

mips

Android.mk

26

Compiler macros
• Directly inside source code
• No runtime overhead
• Works with all build configurations
#ifdef __i386__
strlcat(buf, "__i386__", sizeof(buf));
#endif
#ifdef __arm__
strlcat(buf, "__arm__", sizeof(buf));
#endif
#ifdef __mips__
strlcat(buf, "__mips__", sizeof(buf));
#endif

source.c

27

Porting Native (C/C++) Android* Apps to x86
http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/ndk-android-application-portingmethodologies/

Native Apps
• Optimized NDK for Intel Atom
based devices available on
http://developer.android.com/sdk/n
dk/index.html since July’11.
• For most apps, changing the
make file and a recompile should
be sufficient to port to Intel Atom
devices.
• If ARM-specific features are used,
Intel SSE equivalents should be
added (build flag)
• Developer recompiles, repackages and publishes.

28

Memory Alignment
By default
struct TestStruct {
int mVar1;
long long mVar2;
int mVar3;
};

Easy fix
struct TestStruct {
int mVar1;
long long mVar2 __attribute__ ((aligned(8)));
int mVar3;
};

29

ARM* NEON to Intel® SSE
• Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)
• Most ARM NEON functions have a 1:1 equivalent in
Intel® SSE
• Intel provides C++ header file to do the mapping
// VADD.I8 d0,d0,d0
int8x8_t
vadd_s8(int8x8_t a, int8x8_t b);
#ifdef USE_MMX
#define vadd_s8 _mm_add_pi8
//MMX
#else
#define vadd_s8 _mm_add_epi8
#endif
NEONtoSSE.h
http://software.intel.com/en-us/blogs/2012/12/12/from-arm-neon-to-intelmmxsse-automatic-porting-solution-tips-and-tricks

30

Agenda


31

Beacon Mountain on the Web
Your Source for Beacon Mountain Information & Support

 Free Download
 Product Brief
 Support Form

Follow us

@IntelSoftware

Free download at:
32

For More Information on Individual Tools
PRODUCT

URL

Intel® Hardware Accelerated Execution
Manager

http://software.intel.com/
en-us/articles/intelhardware-acceleratedexecution-manager

Intel® Graphics Performance Analyzers

www.intel.com/software/gp
a

Intel® Threading Building Blocks

software.intel.com/vcsource
/tools/threading-buildingblocks

Intel® Integrated Performance Primitives

software.intel.com/intel-ipp

Intel® Software Manager

www.software.intel.com

Google* Android* SDK

www.developer.android.com

Android* NDK for x86


Eclipse* Integrated Development Environment

http://www.eclipse.org/

Android* Design


Cygwin*

http://cygwin.com/

Oracle* Java SE Development Kit

www.oracle.com

33

Single entry point to remember 
http://software.intel.com/android/

34

Legal Disclaimer & Optimization Notice
INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY
ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS
DOCUMENT. INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO THIS INFORMATION INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES
RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY
PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT.
Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on
Intel microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark and MobileMark, are measured using
specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of
those factors may cause the results to vary. You should consult other information and performance
tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of that
product when combined with other products.
Copyright © , Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel, the Intel logo, Xeon, Xeon Phi, Core,
VTune, and Cilk are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.

Optimization Notice

35

Intel’s compilers may or may not optimize to the same degree for non-Intel microprocessors for
optimizations that are not unique to Intel microprocessors. These optimizations include SSE2, SSE3, and
SSSE3 instruction sets and other optimizations. Intel does not guarantee the availability, functionality, or
effectiveness of any optimization on microprocessors not manufactured by Intel. Microprocessordependent optimizations in this product are intended for use with Intel microprocessors. Certain
optimizations not specific to Intel microarchitecture are reserved for Intel microprocessors. Please refer
to the applicable product User and Reference Guides for more information regarding the specific
instruction sets covered by this notice.
Notice revision #20110804
2012,

Павел Чупин_Development and optimization android x86 applications от Intel

Павел Чупин_Development and optimization android x86 applications от Intel

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