This presentation provides an overview of the oil and gas industry in South Sudan. It discusses South Sudan's geology, key basins and fields, historical production levels, infrastructure challenges, and opportunities for future investment and development. South Sudan has an estimated 7 billion barrels of proven oil reserves but faces stability, technical, and infrastructure issues that have hampered production. Addressing these challenges would help realize the potential of South Sudan's oil and gas resources.

1. PRESENTATION TO THE EAST AFRICA OIL &
GAS SUMMIT 2012
William Anyak Deng
November 15 & 16th 2012
Nairobi, Kenya

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4.  Officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, it is
landlocked Country located in East Africa.
 Bordered by Ethiopia to the East, Kenya to the South-East,
Uganda to the South, DRC to the South-West , CAR (Central
African Republic) to West and Sudan to the North.
 South Sudan covers an area of about 644,329 Km2
 Juba is the capital city of South Sudan with population of about
372,413.
 Population of South Sudan is estimated to be 8,260,490 (as of
July, 2010).
 Languages: English is the official language, but over 60
indigenous languages are spoken in South Sudan. They are
classified under the Nilo-saharan language family, which has
two divisions eastern Sudanic and Central Sudanic.
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5.  Republic of South Sudan is divided into ten States,
and States formed or subdivided into counties ( 86
Counties).
 Level of Development: As new independent
Country/Nation, South Sudan is faced with a lot of
developmental challenges e.g infrastructures …etc
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6. SOUTH SUDAN
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7.  The major tectonic and structural features of Central and
East Africa Rifts influenced the tectonic evolution of South
Sudan rifts.
 The first major trend is the NW-SE or NNW-SSE
corresponding to the majority of grabens.
 The second trend is NS or NNE-SSW directions
corresponding to old African lineaments.
 There is huge difference in the tectonic and structural
configuration of the two major basins of South Sudan.
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8. Melut Basin
Muglad
Basin
Source: MPM
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9.  The geology of South Sudan is extremely diverse
with variety of rock types.
 Mesozoic rift related basins in South Sudan have
been explored and indicate basins filled up by thick
pile of continental sediments.
 Geological setting of the rifts basins are
characterized by rift structures which formed
intercontinental basins bordered on all sides by an
orogenic terrain.
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10.  Based on Regional geology, rift related basins developed in
South Sudan in the late Jurassic time as a results of
separation of East and West Gondwana.
 These rift basins are regionally linked to Central African Rift
System.
 The Cretaceous- Tertiary rift basins of CARS are extensional to
transtensional and contain up to7500 m of Cretaceous
continental clastics.
 Oil and Gas discoveries have been made in most of these
basins.
 Heavy to light oil and gas accumulation are situated in lower
and upper Cretaceous fluvial to lacustrine sandstone
reservoirs.
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11.  The framework of the petroleum system and its components
are highly recognized in South Sudan Basins, mainly, (Muglad
& Melut)
 The elements of petroleum system are linked with the tectono-
stratigraphic evolution of the basins
 Reservoir are characterized by multiple pay zones in
sandstones (Ghazal, Zarga, Aradeiba, and Bentiu) formations
of ( Senonian – Cenomanian) with depth ranging between
3,700 ft. - 8,300 ft in Muglad basin.
 Abu Gabra shale (lacustrine)is the proven Source rocks
developed in most basins and is a primary lower Cretaceous.
 Seal are provided by intra-reservoir claystones and shale
which provide the upper seal and fault while dip closures are
provided by lateral seal.
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12.  Traps, faulted block is the main trap type controlled by
faulted & tilted basement.
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13. o Cretaceous deposition of Muglad basin is generally
characterized by two sedimentary cycles; both coarsening
upwards.
• Cycle I: Abu Gabra and Bentiu Formations.
• Abu Gabra dominates the basin mainly as a source,
but never the less as a reservoir rock as seen in the
Bentiu Formation.
• Cycle II: Darfur and Amal Formations.
• Darfur (Aradeiba, Ghazal, Zarga and Baraka ) and
Amal Formations are all as reservoirs.
o Abu-Gabra is the main source rock in South Sudan, show
large scale lacustrine deposition
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14. Most of the oil is accumulated in the lower Cretaceous
Bentiu formation and the Upper Cretaceous Aradeiba
formation.
Melut basin stratigraphic sections is comprised of
sandstones and claystones.
Yabus and Smaa Fm. in lower Palaeocene is the main
pay zone.
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15. Source: MPM
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16. With South Sudan independence on 9th /July/2012
existing oil contracts were renegotiated and revised.
Three blocks signed Transition Agreement (TA), with the
producing companies, in name, Dar Petroleum Operating
Company (DPOC), Greater Pioneer Operating Company
(GPOC), and Sudd Operating Company (SPOC).
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17. • Block 1, 2&4
• This contract was signed on first March 1997, effectively from 29 th
/Nov/1996.
• The contract was divided into two categories
• (a) Exploration blocks ( Blocks 1a,2a,4)
• (b) Development blocks ( Blocks 1b, 2b)
• Block 3 & 7
• This block contract was signed on 12 th / March/ 2000
• The contract also divided into Exploration & Development blocks.
• The contract area is 74,421Km 2.
• Block 5A
• This contract was signed on 6th /Feb/1997 (EPSA).
• Covers Unity state, west of White Nile, Warrap State West and
Jonglei State to the east with 20,917 Km2.
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18. • Block B:
• Total AS, signed an exploration and production sharing agreement in 1980.
• This block covers most of the Jonglei State with 74,000 square-mile.
• Block E:
• Star Petroleum S.A. has signed and EPSA on 6th August 2010.
• This Block Covers an area of 50.000Km2 located in Muglad Basin .
• Block 5B:
• June 2005, Nile Petroleum Corporation and ASCOM S.A., signed an
agreement [ P.S.C.],
• The Block has an area of 20119 Km2 located in Muglad basin.
• The Block is under exploration, acquisition of gravimetric, seismic and drilling
are under progress.
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19. • Greater Nile Oil Pipeline:
• Extends for 1600
Kilometers (990 mil).
• Petrodar Pipeline:
• Extends for about
1400 kilometers
(850 mil), with
capacity of 500,000
bbl./d.
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20. STOOI RECOVERY PROD. RESERV
P FACTOR EUR CUM ES
 Estimated Ultimate Recovery at 2P.
 Production up to the end of 2011.
GPOC 2587 34% 886 656 230
 Remain reserves (2P).
SPOC 2655 8% 221 42 179  Production before shut down,
DPOC 553 22% 1211 437 774 recovery factor was 22%.
TOTAL 10745 22% 2318 1135 1183
Table: STOIIP in South Sudan ,2011
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21.  South Sudan proven oil
reserves estimated to be
about 7 billion barrels with
daily production of 358000
bpd.
 The highest production was in
2006/2007 in GPOC fields.
 Production peaked and then
declined .
 January 2012 South Sudan
Stop Production.
Average Daily Production in South Sudan Per Year
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22. Table: Historical Production Figures
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23. • Stability:
• Political stability is the corner stone for any oil exploration and
development in South Sudan.
• Some of the oil fields fall a long the disputed border between
Republic of South Sudan & Sudan.
• Risk to Investment:
• South Sudan has the possibilities for oil and gas exploration
activities.
• Resources are available but lack of technical knowledge to evaluate.
• Infrastructure:
• Pipeline: absence of pipeline represent great challenge to oil
production.
• Refinery: lack of refinery causes great challenge to development.
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24.  Pipeline options proposed.
 S. Sudan Kenya Lamu .
 S. Sudan via Ethiopia to Dejibouti
 Refineries Options proposed.
 Thiangrial, Located in Melut,
Capacity of 20,000 bpd.
 Unity Refinery, located in Unity
Design capacity 5000 bpd.
 Tharjath Refinery, located in Unit
With capacity of 10,000 bpd.
 Akon Refinery, located in Warrap
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25. • The costs and difficulties in planning and operating
logistics for fields that lies in the sudd region.
• Shortages in skill technical labour force in the upstream
sector.
• Produced water containing dissolved and emulsified
crude oil constituents, natural salts, organic chemicals
and trace metals.
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27. South Sudan Basins, Gravity Map
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28. South Sudan holds some of the most prospective and
prolific hydrocarbon basins in the region.
Establish and develop strong in-house R&D to meet the
challenges & problems of E&P.
Development of the infrastructures mainly the pipeline is
important for the growth of E&P sector .
With diversity of resources also diversity in private
foreign investment in the oil sector is highly
recommended.
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