Report_ragi guda slum_Anwesha

KAP study about emotional and sexual abuse among children
conducted in Bangalore slum
Introduction
According to UNICEF, child protection acts as the prevention of or responding to the incidence
of abuse, exploitation, violence and neglect of children. This includes commercial sexual
exploitation, trafficking, child labor and harmful traditional practices, and as well as child
marriage. Protection also allows children to have access to their other rights of survival,
development, growth and participation.
This report focusses on the emotional abuse and sexual abuse of children.
Emotional Abuse occurs when parents or caregivers consistently fail to care and love their
children, by failing to provide a nurturing, loving and supportive environment appropriate for
their development.
Emotional abuse can damage a child’s physical or mental health as well as impair the child’s
physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development. In 2007, the Ministry of Women and
Child Development (MWCD) released a study report on child abuse. The study examined two
forms of emotional abuse: humiliation and comparison. Half the children reported facing
emotional abuse with 83% of that abuse begin conducted by parents.
Sexual Abuse against girls and boys takes a variety of forms. Child sexual abuse includes, but is
not limited to rape, sexual intercourse with a child, incest; it also consists of non-physical
contact and non-penetrative activities, such as involving children in watching sexual activities,
encouraging children to behave in sexually explicit ways and exposing them to inappropriate
sexual material. Sexual violence has serious short- and long-term physical, psychological and
social consequences on the victims, as well as on their families and the community as a whole.
Victims suffer from an increased risk of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections,
early pregnancy, psychological distress, stigma, discrimination and difficulties at school. A
recent UNICEF report on violence against children contained some chilling statistics: Around
43% of girls in India who had ever been the subject of sexual violence said they first
experienced it at or before they turned 19.Around 77% of adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 who
have faced sexual violence in India reported that their current husband or partner was the
perpetrator.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 To examine the knowledge, attitude and practices towards emotional and sexual abuse
among various others aspects of child protection in Ragi Guda slum.

METHODOLOGY
A brief information about the site of study
As per the data obtained from the REVISED CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN BANGALORE
2009 as per Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, notified slum households who
were relocated for Ragi Gudda slum has a population of 4500, number of slum households is
1300.
Ragi Guda slum
 Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data.
 The sample size of the study was 208.
 Most of the respondents were the home makers or household heads of the family
interviewed.
FINDINGS
Based on the different parameters of the questionnaire, the following information was obtained
after interviewing the respondents about the general socio-economic conditions. The community
was of mixed background consisting of Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Urdu/Hindi speaking
families. There was a significant chunk of migrants from neighboring states. Majority were
Hindu households with a small population of Muslim families. Mostly they were nuclear
families. The educational qualification of the inhabitants of Ragi Gudda slum is mostly illiterates
and school dropouts who managed to study up to high school and they work mostly as a manual
labor or as a domestic worker. Most of the respondents were bilingual. Monthly income were
seen mostly less than Rs.10000

Table 1. Socio-economic factors as reported by the respondents
Table 1 Socio economic conditions of the respondents
Categories Number (%)
Age
Frequency Percent
Less than 25
11 5.3
26-35 78 37.5
36-45 67 32.2
More than 46
52 25.0
Total 208 100.0
Gender
Frequency Percent
Male 120 57.7
Female 88 42.3
Total 208 100.0
Education
Frequency Percent
Illiterate 84 40.4
Primary School
15 7.2
High School
85 40.9
Higher
Secondary
School
14 6.7
Any other
degree 10 4.8
Total 208 100.0
Occupation
Frequency Percent
Domestic
worker 50 24.0
Housewife
17 8.2
Driver 34 16.3
Unemployed
8 3.8
Manual labor
80 38.5
Others 19 9.1
Total 208 100.0
Marital Status
Frequency Percent
Married 187 89.9

Divorced 1 .5
Separated 1 .5
Widowed 19 9.1
Total 208 100.0
Religion
Frequency Percent
Hindu 147 70.7
Muslim 42 20.2
Christian 18 8.7
Others 1 .5
Total 208 100.0
Caste
Frequency Percent
Scheduled
Caste 116 55.8
Scheduled
Tribes 21 10.1
Other Backward
Caste 36 17.3
Others 32 15.4
Do not know
3 1.4
Total 208 100.0
Place of origin
Frequency Percent
Karnataka 150 72.1
Tamilnadu
56 26.9
Andhra Pradesh
1 .5
Others 1 .5
Total 208 100.0
District
Frequency Percent
Bangalore 141 67.8
Thiruvannamalai
16 7.7
Salem 8 3.8
Others 36 17.3
Do not know
7 3.4
Total 208 100.0
Years of stay
Frequency Percent
1 30 14.4
2 30 14.4
3 46 22.1

4 48 23.1
5 54 26.0
Total 208 100.0
Type of family
Frequency Percent
Joint Family
43 20.7
Nuclear Family
165 79.3
Total 208 100.0
Total family members
Frequency Percent
1 23 11.1
2 20 9.6
3 24 11.5
4 60 28.8
5 38 18.3
6 17 8.2
7 17 8.2
8 6 2.9
9 2 1.0
10 1 .5
Total 208 100.0
Total earning members
Frequency Percent
1 99 47.6
2 71 34.1
3 26 12.5
4 9 4.3
5 3 1.4
Total 208 100.0
Total monthly income
Frequency Percent
Less than 10000
89 42.8
15000-25000
85 40.9
25001-45000
28 13.5
45001-60000
4 1.9
More than
60000 2 1.0
Total 208 100.0

Statistics on children as reported by the respondents:
This section provides the statistical information about the socio-demographic information of the
children in the community. Both the sexes are in uniformity as far as ratio is concerned. Majority
of the parents have got birth registration for the wards. Majority of the children are continuing
education with few drop outs. Child marriage is rare in the community. The incidences of
children working to assist the family, migration for work and missing children are also very low.
Table 2
Total no of children
395
Table 3
Gender Age Birth Certificate
Male Female 0 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 15 16 to 18 Yes No
197 198 138 110 92 55 327 68
Table 4
Marital Status Education
Children stopped going to
school
Married Unmarried 0 1 2 3 4 Yes No
6 217 7 141 138 20 5 34 310
Table 5
Reason for child to drop out
No
transport Poverty Care siblings Not interested Not performing well Physical problem HHs-economic activity

23 14 2 7 4 2 1
Table 6
Are they going to work Type of work
Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9
21 296 1 29 1 1 2 6 2 3
Migration of child Missing child
Yes No Yes No
0 310 3 65
Statistics on child emotional abuse as reported by respondents
The various aspects of emotional abuse have been carefully devised and categorized as questions
in the questionnaire. Following is the statistical evidence as recorded from the interview
conducted.
A significant number of respondents 51.9% agreed upon that the practice of shouting and yelling
on girl child are prevalent in the community. Those who denied any such instance were 37%.
About 23 % of the respondents interviewed were not aware of any such incidence.
Table 7 Shouting and yelling at girls
Category Number (%)
Shout yell or humiliate girls
Frequency Percent
yes 108 51.9
no 77 37.0
Do not
know 23 11.1
Total 208 100.0

Table 8 Criticizing and comparing girl child with other children
A high percentage of respondents about 64.4% denied that any such practice is present in the
community. A low percentage about 26.4 accepted the presence of this practice and a very low
percentage about 9% reported they weren’t aware of any such practice.
Criticize and compare with other
(girls)
Frequency Percent
yes 55 26.4
no 134 64.4
99 19 9.1
Total 208 100.0

Table 9 Telling the girl child that she is not good or worthless
About 75 % of the total respondents interviewed denied that they witnessed such incidence. 15 %
of the respondents agreed that such incident is practiced and only 9 % were not aware.
He_or_she_no good_worthless_bad_girls
Frequency Percent
yes 33 15.9
no 156 75.0
Do not
know 19 9.1
Total 208 100.0

Table 10. Blaming the girl child for everything that goes wrong
Predominantly respondents denied the prevalence of this incident. 77 % reported they have not
seen this incidence and only 13 % reported that they have seen such thing. Only 9 % reported
they were not aware.
Blame_child_for_everything_that_goes_wrong_girls
Frequency Percent
yes 28 13.5
no 161 77.4
Do not
know 19 9.1
Total 208 100.0

Table 11. Calling the girl child with bad name
Again a significant portion around 68 % respondents reported that they have not seen any such
incidence. Only 22 % told they have seen this in the locality and only 9% told they were not
aware.
Call_with_bad_name_curse_words_girls
Frequency Percent
Yes 47 22.6
No 142 68.3
Do not
know 19 9.1
Total 208 100.0

Table 12. Threatening the girl child
Predominantly respondents about 72 % of them were denying that they witnessed such practice.
Only 18 % believed that had seen such issue. Only 9 % told they were not aware.
Threaten girls
Frequency Percent
Yes 38 18.3
No 150 72.1
Do not
know 20 9.6
Total 208 100.0

Table 13. Not talking to girl child
66 % reported they had not seen this incidence. 24 % told they saw the incidence and only 9 %
told they were not aware.
Not_talking_to_the_child_girls
Frequency Percent
yes 50 24.0
no 139 66.8
Do not
know 19 9.1
Total 208 100.0

Table 14. Shouting or yelling at boy child
Around 55 % respondents responded that they have witnessed the practice of this kind of abuse,
38 % denied any such incidence while only 5 % reported that they were no aware of any such
practice.
Shout_yell_or_humiliate_boys
Frequency Percent
yes 115 55.3
no 81 38.9
Do not
know 12 5.8
Total 208 100.0

Table 15 Criticize and compare the boy child with other child
Majority of the respondents told that the practice of criticism and comparison of children with
peers is not quite practiced in the locality around 65% of them.26 % gave positive response when
asked about criticism and comparison of children with peers and only 7 % told they were not
aware.
Criticize_and_compare_with_other_child_boys
Frequency Percent
yes 56 26.9
no 137 65.9
Do not
know 15 7.2
Total 208 100.0

Table 16 Telling the boy child that he is no good or worthless
A majority of the respondents told that they have not witnessed such verbal abuse for children in
the locality about 79 % of them. Few people only 7 % reported that they were not aware of any
such incident.
He_or_she_nogood_worthless_bad_boys
Frequency Percent
yes 27 13.0
no 166 79.8
Do not
know 15 7.2
Total 208 100.0

Table 17 Blame the child for everything going wrong
77 % of the respondents reported that they did not witness any incidence of this kind of
emotional abuse. 15 % gave positive response and only 7 % reported that they were not aware.
Blame_child_for_everything_that_goes_wrong_boys
Frequency Percent
yes 32 15.4
no 161 77.4
Do not
know 15 7.2
Total 208 100.0

Table 18 Calling bad names or cursing the boy child
Majority of the respondents denied calling bad names or cursing the boy child.23 % of them told
that they witnessed such incident. Only 7 % of tem told they were not aware of such any
incidence.
Call_with_bad_name_curse_words_boys
Frequency Percent
yes 48 23.1
no 145 69.7
D not know
15 7.2
Total 208 100.0

Table 19. Threatening boy child
About 74 % of the respondents denied of seeing any incidences of threatening boys. 18 % of
them told that they have seen such abuse and only 7 % told that they were not aware of any such
event.
Threaten_boys
Frequency Percent
yes 39 18.8
no 154 74.0
Do not
know 15 7.2
Total 208 100.0

Table 20. Not talking to the boy child
Majority of respondents (66%) denied such event. Only 25 % agreed that they saw such
incidence and only 8 % told they were not aware.
Not_talking_to_the_child_boys
Frequency Percent
yes 52 25.0
no 139 66.8
Do not
know 17 8.2
Total 208 100.0

Comparison of abuse between girls and boys
Cumulative abuse faced by girls Cumulative abuse faced by boys Total abuse
359 369 728
% of abuse faced by girls % of abuse faced by boys
49.31 50.6

As an inference we can conclude that boy child faces much more abuse as compared to the girl
child.
Statistics on sexual abuse
Table 21. Attitude of the respondents on eve teasing
Majority of the respondents told that they did not endorse the idea of eve teasing (63%), around
23 % told they think it is not inappropriate to eve tease and 29 % think they are not aware.
Eve_teasing_sexual manner_inappropriate_attitude
Frequency Percent
Valid yes 131 63.0
no 48 23.1
cant say 29 13.9
Total 208 100.0

Table 22 Attitude on Molestation
Around 59 % think it is inappropriate, only 24 % think it is not inappropriate and 16 % have no
opinion on this.
Molestation_inappropriate
Frequency Percent
Valid yes 123 59.1
no 51 24.5
cant say 34 16.3
Total 208 100.0
Table 23 Attitude on showing obscene images
About 52 % think it is inappropriate to show dirty images to children, only 29 % do not think it

is inappropriate and only 17 % have no opinion.
Showing_dirty_sexual_pictures_to_a_child_inappropriate_
Frequency Percent
Valid yes 109 52.4
no 62 29.8
cant say 37 17.8
Total 208 100.0
Table 24 Attitude on rape
Majority of the respondents told that they think it is inappropriate, 66% think that it is not
inappropriate 18% think it is not inappropriate and only 14 % think they are not aware.
Rape_inappropriate
Frequency Percent
Valid yes 138 66.3
no 39 18.8
cant say 31 14.9
Total 208 100.0

Table 25 Awareness on eve teasing
Around 37 % respondents are aware of any incidence of molestation taking place in the
community. Around 35 % of them denied of any such molestation incidence. Around 27 % of
them are not aware.
Eve_teasing_sexual manner_inappropriate_awareness
Frequency Percent
Valid yes 78 37.5
no 73 35.1
do not
know 57 27.4
Total 208 100.0

Table 25 Awareness on molestation
Majority around 45 % denied any molestation event in the locality, 21% of them confessed of
being aware and only 33 % were not aware.
Molestation_inappropriate_
Frequency Percent
Valid yes 45 21.6
no 94 45.2
do not
know 69 33.2
Total 208 100.0

Table 26 Awareness on showing obscene images
Majority around 48% denied any incidence in the locality, 12% of them confessed of being
aware and only 38% were not aware.
Showing_dirty_sexual_pictures_to_a_child_inappropriate_
Frequency Percent
Valid yes 26 12.5
no 101 48.6
do not
know 81 38.9
Total 208 100.0

Table 26 Awareness on rape
Around 33 % told that they were aware of such incidence, around 32 % denied the occurrence of
this incidence and 33 % were not aware.
Rape_inappropriate
Frequency Percent
Valid yes 70 33.7
no 68 32.7
do not
know 70 33.7
Total 208 100.0

Table 26 Awareness on occurrence of abuse among male child
All the respondents interviewed told that they were not aware of any such abuse among male
children.
Occurrence of abuse among male child
Frequency Percent
Valid
99 208 100.0

Conclusion
Although the dwellers of the slum were not much educated but their attitude towards the
different aspects of child protection was very optimistic. Most of them were aware about the dos
and don’ts of emotional and sexual abuse of children.

Report_ragi guda slum_Anwesha

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