Parking and Traffic Congestion can be synonymous if not handled efficiently. In the ever-growing metropolises like Dhaka, where private hospitals prevail in a greater number and act as a major traffic generator, efficient parking management is undoubtedly momentous along with its protuberant health care facilities. This paper particularly aims at investigating the existing parking set-up of the major private hospitals of Dhaka city by means of parking and demand-supply analysis. The overarching methodological approach adopted for this research is case study method. The required database was collected from parking space inventory and parking usage survey by patrol, conducted on both weekdays and weekend throughout a period of eight hours, each covering both the morning and evening peak periods. As a key finding, this study revealed that overall parking demand is always higher than the available supply in most of the cases. However, the unique methodological approach and outcomes of this extensive research work can act as a baseline for further research activity intending the quantification of the parking as well as traffic congestion problem in urban expanses and effectiveness of potential solutions.

1. Private Hospitals’ Parking: Health Care’s Debated
Contribution in
Traffic Congestion of Dhaka City
Presenting author
Anutosh Das
Lecturer
Department of Urban & Regional Planning (URP)
Rajshahi University of engineering & Technology (ruet)
International Conference on Planning, Architecture &
Civil Engineering, 2017
9-11 February 2017, RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To identify the existing Parking Supply and Demand
characteristics of selected private hospitals in Dhaka city.
1
Thursday, 09 February 2017

3. STUDY AREA PROFILE
Fig: Dhaka city map.
2(Source :http://www.mayerdak.com/homeland/maps.htm)
Fig: Location map of Labaid Hospital
Thursday, 09 February 2017

4. 3
Selection of the Project Topic
Formulation of objectives
Selection of the study area
Data collection
Final report
Final presentation
Literature review
Data analysis and interpretation
Preparation of final questionnaire
Secondary Data collectionPrimary Data collection
Preparation of draft questionnaire
Parking Usage Survey
by Patrol
Parking Inventory
Survey
METHODOLOGY
Fig : MethodologyThursday, 09 February 2017

5. 4
EXISTING PARKING INVENTORY
Designated off- street parking
Name of the parking lot Capacity Parking alignment
Lab-aid Specialized Hospital 120 90 degree parking
Lab-aid Cardiac Hospital 70 90 degree parking
Lab-aid Diagnostic Hospital 75 90 degree parking
 For first hour the parking charge for car and microbus is BDT 30.
 Extra BDT 10 for each additional hour.
 In reality a flat parking charge of BDT 30 is implied (for whole day long
parking).
 Parking signage- Existed.
Thursday, 09 February 2017

6. 6
DESIGNATED OFF- STREET PARKING
(Source: Field survey,2014)Thursday, 09 February 2017

7. 6
DESIGNATED OFF- STREET PARKING
Fig : Designated off- street Parking space in Labaid Hospital
(Source: Field survey)Thursday, 09 February 2017

8. 7
OFF- STREET PARKING SIGNAGE
Fig : Existing off- street parking signage in Labaid Hospital
(Source: Field survey)Thursday, 09 February 2017

9. 9
NON DESIGNATED ON- STREET PARKING
Thursday, 09 February 2017

10. 9
NON DESIGNATED OFF- STREET PARKING
Fig : Parallel parking in front of Labaid Hospital Fig : Parallel parking along Mirpur road in front of Labaid Hospital
PARALLEL PARKING
90 DEGREE PARKING
Fig : 90 degree parking in front of Labaid Hospital
(Source: Field survey)Thursday, 09 February 2017

11. 11
PROHIBITED ON- STREET PARKING
Fig: Signage for prohibited on street parking in Labaid HospitalThursday, 09 February 2017

12. 11
MODAL SHARE OF PARKED VEHICLE
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
car microbus CNG
percentage
Types of vehicles
Modal share of parked vehicles
on street
off street
Fig: Modal share of parked vehicle in Labaid Hospital
Thursday, 09 February 2017

13. 12
PARKING DEMAND & SUPPLY
ANALYSIS
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14. 13
EXISTING AND REQUIRED PARKING SUPPLY
Name of the
hospital
Total floor area
(in square
meter)
No. of
floor
Existing
parking area
(in square
meter)
Parking area
required
(in square meter)
Lab-aid Cardiac
and diagnostic
Hospital
9302 6
Lab-aid
Specialized
Hospital
7233 6
1550
1205
713
555
According to the “Building construction act, 1996” parking space will have to be
at least 23 square meters for each 300 square meters of the total building area
(Source: Housing and public work ministry, 1996).
So, Theoretically sufficient parking space is available in Lab-aid hospital.
Thursday, 09 February 2017

15. 14
EXPECTED NUMBERS OF VEHICLE TO BE PARKED
X=
Number of available parking space*survey period (in hour)*.85
Average parking duration (in hour)
(265*8*.85)
(.91)=
= 1980 vehicle
Here, X = Expected number of vehicle parked (off-street) within 8 hours.
(Source: Akter, 2013)
Total number of vehicles by patrol usage survey = 429 vehicles (Source: field survey, 2014)
Difference from existing condition= (1980 - 429) vehicles = 1551 vehicles.
The existing supply of designated off – street parking space is
adequate to meet the demand of off- street parking. This is due to the
very short average parking duration.
Thursday, 09 February 2017

16. 15
PARKING DEMAND – SUPPLY RATIO
Parking provision Total parked vehicle Average duration of
parking (in hours)
Parking load(vehicle-
hour)
Off-street 429 .91 390.39
On-street 421 .91 383.11
Total 773 vehicle-hour
Traffic load (Vehicle - hour) = [Total number of vehicles parked * average parking
duration ] (Source: UIdaho, 2013 )
Table: Parking demand calculation
The available parking spaces (designated off- street parking space) =265
Parking capacity (supply parameter) = 265*.91 = 241 vehicle space-hour
Demand- supply ratio= 773/241 = 3.21
So the only existing designated off street parking is not adequate enough to
meet the total demand of parking.
Thursday, 09 February 2017

17. 16
PARKING DEMAND AT DIFFERENT PERIODS OF TIME
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Morning (9.00-12.00 a.m) Noon (2.00-5.00 p.m) Evening(6.00-8.00 p.m)
Parkingdemand
Time period
On street and off- street parking demand
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Morning (9.00-12.00 a.m) Noon (2.00-5.00 p.m) Evening(6.00-8.00 p.m)
Parkingdemand(perhour)
Time period
On street and off- street parking demand (Per hour)
Demand (Off-street)
Demand (On-street)
Fig: Parking demand at different time over the study period
Demand (Off-street)
Demand (On-street)
Thursday, 09 February 2017

18. 17
PARKING ACCUMULATION
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Totalparkedvehicle
Time
Parking accumulation (Off- street)
Total parked
vehicle
Average
accumulation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Totalparkedvehicle
Time
Parking accumulation (On- street)
Total parked
vehicle
Average
accumulation
Fig: Parking Accumulation
Thursday, 09 February 2017

19. 18
614 619
591
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Morning (9.00-12.00 a.m) Noon (2.00-5.00 p.m) Evening(6.00-8.00 p.m)
Parkingdemand
Time period
Total parking demand and supply (including
both on street and off- street )
Parking Supply
The available parking space is not adequate to meet the current demand of parking
As the demand supply ratio is high average parking duration for each vehicle can be
shortened to cope with the existing demand.
COMPARISON OF PARKING DEMAND AND SUPPLY
Fig: Parking Demand and Supply comparison
Thursday, 09 February 2017

20. 0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
percentage
Average Duration of parking (hour)
Vehicle-hours of occupation (off-street)
Total Vehicle
Parked
Vehicle-Hours of
Occupation
19
Average parking duration of 50% vehicles (off-street) is 30 minutes.
VEHICLE-HOUR OF OCCUPATION
Fig: Vehicle-hour of occupation
Thursday, 09 February 2017

21. 20
Total parking volume (in 8 hours) = 850 vehicle
Average volume of vehicular parking is 106.25/hour.
That means on an average in every hour 106 new vehicles come into this hospital.
Parking turnover = (total parked vehicle/ Total parking space available)
= (429/265)
= 1.62 vehicle per space
This turnover figure represents that available parking spaces are not used
efficiently.
PARKING VOLUME AND PARKING TURNOVER
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22. 21
Average capacity used= 19.6%
Parking space used more than average in 6 p.m.-8 p.m.
Parking space is not efficiently used.
PARKING INDEX
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
9.00-9.30a.m
9.30-10.00a.m
10.00-10.30a.m
10.30-11.00a.m
11.00-11.30a.m
11.30-12.00a.m
2.00-2.30p.m
2.30-3.00p.m
3.00-3.30p.m
3.30-4.00p.m
4.00-4.30p.m
4.30-5.00p.m
6.00-6.30p.m
6.30-7.00p.m
7.00-7.30p.m
7.30-8.00p.m
Percentageofvehicles
Time interval
Relationship of parking capacity and available
parking space(Off-street)
Parking available
Parking used
Average capacity
used
Thursday, 09 February 2017

23. 22
Almost one lane is covered by the on street parking
If on street parking prohibited then Volume-capacity ratio reduces around
40%. That means, capacity of the road increases.
VOLUME- CAPACITY RATIO
Effective
Carriageway
Width (feet)
No. of lane
(assuming
12' per
lane width)
Standard
Capacity
per lane
(PCU)
Capacity
(PCUs/hr)
Service
Volume
(PCUs/hr)
(V/C)
Ratio
40 (with
parking)
3.33 1400 4662 1595 0.34
52 (without
parking)
4.33 1400 6062 1595 0.25
12' per lane width and a capacity of 1400 PCUs/hr for each lane is assumed for
the calculation of volume-capacity ratio (DITS, 1994).
Fig: Calculation of volume- capacity ratio
(Haque et al, 2011)
Thursday, 09 February 2017

24. 23
 Instead of high demand, there is no provision of parking charge system.
 Parking load and parking demand exceeds the parking supply.
 Average duration for off street parking is high during day time .
 Most of the time there are two rows vehicle parked.
 Although Labaid have sufficient amount of parking provision, people
feel reluctant to use parking by paying parking charge.
 Parking turnover is 1.62 that means, one parking space is used by
around 2 vehicles.
MAJOR FINDINGS
Thursday, 09 February 2017

25. 24
 On-Street parking should be banned and encourage of off-street parking
provision.
 Parking bays should be provided in the underground .
 Create new system or organization for managing “current parking assets.”
 Off street parking charge should be low .
 Increased on-street parking charge to encourage people from parking on
street.
 Additional access parking can be provided to reduce entering problem.
 Parking area should be improved in terms of ventilation and maintenance.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Thursday, 09 February 2017

26. REFERENCES
1. Akter, M., Akter,T., Aktaruzzaman and Hussain, A. (2013) “Review of on-Street
Parking Scenario of Motijheel Commercial Area (Dainik Bangla to Shapla Square)”
Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners 6 173-180.
2. DITS. (1994). Greater Dhaka Metropolitan Area Integrated Transport Study:
Working Paper 14 (Vol. 2). Government of Bangladesh Planning Commission,
United Nations Development Program and Department of Development Support
and Management Services.
3. Housing and public works ministry, Government of the people’s republic of
Bangladesh (1996) “Building Construction Act”, URL:
http://www.rajukdhaka.gov.bd/rajuk/page/web/devcontrol/building_Act_1996.p
df accessed on 7 November 2014.
4. Haque, A. Hira, S. Hassan. F, Hossain, R. (2011), “An Assessment of the Quality of
Intra Urban Bus Services in Dhaka City”, Department of Urban and Regional
Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and technology.
5. UIdaho (2013). “Parking Studies”, URL: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/
niatt_labmanual/Chapters/parkinglotdesign/theoryandconcepts/ParkingStudies.h
tm accessed on 6/11/2014.
25
Thursday, 09 February 2017