1. Operators in Python
V.Anusuya
Assistant Professor(SG)/CSE
Ramco Institute of Technology

2. • Operators are the constructs which can
manipulate the value of operands.
• In an expression, an operator is used on
operands.
• Example: 4 + 5 = 9.
• 4 and 5 are called operands
• + is called an Operator

3. • There are various operators in python:
1. Arithmetic Operator
2. Comparison/Relational Operator
3. Bitwise Operator
4. Assignment Operator
5. Logical Operator
6. Membership Operator
7. Identity Operator

4. Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform some basic arithmetic
operations. These operators can be applied on numbers as well
as on variables to perform the corresponding operations.
Example:
>>>x=10
>>>y=20
>>>z=x+y
>>>print z
30 #output
>>> z=x*y
>>>print z
200
>>>z=x**2
>>>print z
100

5. Operator Description Example
** Exponent
Performs exponential (power) calculation on
operators
c=a**b
*
Multiplicatio
n
Multiplies values on either side of the operator c=a * b
/ Division Divides left hand operand by right hand operand c=b / a
% Modulus
Divides left hand operand by right hand operand
and returns remainder
c=b % a
//
Floor Division - The division of operands where
the result is the quotient in which the digits after
the decimal point are removed. But if one of the
operands is negative, the result is floored, i.e.,
rounded away from zero (towards negative
infinity):
9//2=4
+ Addition Add values on either side of the operator. c=a + b
- Subtraction
Subtracts right hand operand from the left hand
operand.
c=a – b

6. Comparison Operators
Comparison operators also known as relational operators are used to compute
the values on its either sides and determines the relation between them.
Example, a=100 and b=200
Operator Description Example
==
If the values of two operands are equal, then the
condition becomes true.
(a == b) is
not true.
!=
If the values of two operands are not equal, then
condition becomes true.
(a!=b) is true
>
If the value of left operand is greater than the value of
right operand, then condition becomes true.
(a > b) is not
true.
<
If the value of left operand is less than the value of right
operand, then condition becomes true.
(a < b) is
true.
>=
If the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the
value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
(a >= b) is
not true.
<=
If the value of left operand is less than or equal to the
value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
(a <= b) is
true

7. Bitwise Operators
• These operators perform bit level operations on operands. Let
us take two operands x=10 and y=4. In binary format this can
be written as x=1010 and y=0100.
Operator Description Example
& Binary AND
Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in
both operands
x& y = 0
(0000 0000)
| Binary OR It copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
x | y = 14
(0000 1110)
^ Binary XOR
It copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not
both.
x ^ y = 14
(0000 1110)
~ Binary Ones
Complement
It is used to opposite the bits of operand. ~x results 0110
<< Binary Left
Shift
The left operands value is moved left by the
number of bits specified by the right operand.
x<< 2 = 40
(0010 1000)
>> Binary Right
Shift
The left operands value is moved right by the
number of bits specified by the right operand.
x>> 2 = 2
(0000 0010)

8. Assignment Operator
• This operator is used to store the right side operand in the left
side operand
Operator Description Example
=
Assigns values from right side operands to left
side operand
c = a + b assigns value
of a + b into c
+=
It adds right operand to the left operand and
assign the result to left operand
c += a is equivalent to c
= c + a
-=
It subtracts right operand from the left operand
and assign the result to left operand
c -= a is equivalent to c
= c - a
*=
It multiplies right operand with the left operand
and assign the result to left operand
c *= a is equivalent to c
= c * a
/=
It divides left operand with the right operand
and assign the result to left operand
c /= a is equivalent to c
=c/a
%=
It takes modulus using two operands and assign
the result to left operand
c %= a is equivalent to
c = c % a
**= Performs exponential (power) calculation on
operators and assign value to the left operand
c **= a is equivalent to
c = c ** a
//= It performs floor division on operators and
assign value to the left operand
c //= a is equivalent to c
= c // a

9. Logical Operators
• These operators are used to check two or more conditions. The
resultant operator is always a Boolean value. Here, x and y are
two operands that store either true or false Boolean values.
• Assume x is true and y is false.
Operator Description Example
and (logical
and)
When both operands are true, the
resultant become true.
x and y results
false
or (logical or)
When any operand is true, the
resultant become true.
x or y results true
not (logical
NOT)
This operator is used to reverse the
operand state.
not x results false

10. Membership Operators
Python supports two types of membership operators–in and not in. These
operators, test for membership in a sequence such as strings, lists, or tuples.
in Operator: The operator returns true if a variable is found in the
specified sequence and false otherwise.
not in Operator: The operator returns true if a variable is not found in the
specified sequence and false otherwise.
Example:
>>>x=10
>>>y=12
>>>list=[21,13,10,17]
>>>10 in list
True
>>>5 in list
False
>>>10 not in list
False

11. Identity Operators
• is Operator: Returns true if operands or values
on both sides of the operator point to the same
object and false otherwise.
• is not Operator: Returns true if operands or
values on both sides of the operator does not point
to the same object and false otherwise. Example:
>>>x=12
>>>y=12
>>> x is y
True

12. Precedence of Python Operators
Operator Description
** Exponentiation (raise to the power)
~ + - Complement, unary plus(+a) and minus (-a)
* / % // Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division
+ - Addition and subtraction
>> << Right and left bitwise shift
& Bitwise 'AND'
^ | Bitwise XOR and OR
<= < > >= Comparison operators
== != Equality operators
= %= /= //= -= += *= **= Assignment operators
is is not Identity operators
in not in Membership operators
not or and Logical operators

13. Example
a = 20
b = 10
c = 15
d = 5
e = 0
e = (a + b) * c / d

14. Expressions
• An expression is any legal combination of symbols (like
variables, constants and operators) that represents a value.
• In Python, an expression must have at least one operand
(variable or constant) and can have one or more operators.
• On evaluating an expression, we get a value.
• Constant Expressions: One that involves only constants.
Example: 8 + 9 – 2
• Integral Expressions: One that produces an integer result after
evaluating the expression. Example: a = 10
• Floating Point Expressions: One that produces floating point
results. Example: a * b / 2

15. • Relational Expressions: One that returns either true or false
value. Example: c = a>b
• Logical Expressions: One that combines two or more
relational expressions and returns a value as True or False.
Example: a>b & y! = 0
• Bitwise Expressions: One that manipulates data at bit level.
Example: x = y&z
• Assignment Expressions: One that assigns a value to a
variable.
Example: c = a + b