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- 1. Where to publish UC Library
- 2. Agenda • Changing landscape of scholarly publishing • What does impact mean? – Journal impact measures – Article impact metrics • Open access - citation advantage - UC Research Repository - article processing charges
- 3. Where are you publishing now? Who has had something published? Where did you get it accepted? How did you find out where to submit it?
- 4. Changing landscape Scholarly Publishing Serials Crisis Finch report / HEFCE PLOS / ArXiv / Research Gate Funders mandates
- 5. What does impact mean? Prestige DownloadsCitations
- 6. H-index A researcher has index h if h of his/her Np papers have at least h citations each, and the other (Np − h) papers have no more than h citations each. H-index also applies to journals
- 7. Journal Metrics/Impact Tools used to check high impact journals in your research fields Journal Citation Reports (JCR) – impact factor, 5 year impact factor, immediacy index, article influence Scimago Journal & Country Rank – SJR, country rankings Google Scholar metrics – h5-index and h5-median
- 9. SJR: Scimago Journal and Country Rank What it does • The SCImago Journal & Country Rank is a portal that includes the journals and country scientific indicators developed from the information contained in the Scopus® database (Elsevier B.V.). These indicators can be used to assess and analyze scientific domains. Metrics • Total Cites • H Index • SJR indcator Limitations • Elsevier Demonstration • Covers 19,000 journals
- 10. SJR bibliometrics • SJR - measures the journals impact, influence or prestige. It expresses the average number of weighted citations received in the selected year by the documents published in the journal in the three previous years • H-Index – the journal’s number of articles (h) which have received at least h citations over the whole period
- 12. ISI Journal Citation Reports What they do • Allows comparison and evaluation of journals using citation data drawn from scholarly and technical journals. Contains data from journals in science, technology and social sciences. Metrics • Total Cites • Impact factors • Immediacy Index • Eigenfactor score Limitations • Little use in arts • Ineffective for new journals Demonstration • Access from Library Databases webpage
- 13. Bibliometrics in JCR • Total cites - the total number of times that each journal has been cited by all journals included in the database within the current JCR year. • Impact Factor - identifies the frequency with which an average article from a journal is cited in a particular year. • Immediacy Index - measures how frequently the average article from a journal is cited within the same year as publication. This number is useful for evaluating journals that publish cutting-edge research. • Eigenfactor Metrics are based on the JCR cited journal data and consider not just the counts of citations a journal receives but also the significance of the journals as a whole to measure citation influence in the scholarly literature.
- 15. Measuring author impact • Same metrics are used to measure author impact • Number of citations and number of publications
- 16. Google Scholar profile • My citations – set up a profile to automatically retrieve publications and citations (last 5 years) • Includes citation counts, H-Index & i10 index • Future publications and citations automatically updated
- 18. Citation databases • Web of Science – 12,000 journals • SCOPUS – 18,000 journals • Exclude books
- 19. Web of Science Citation Report
- 20. Scopus
- 21. An example of how different the numbers are Michael Colin Hall Total papers indexed Times cited h –index Google Scholar 649 24395 92 Scopus 135 1719 29 Web of Science 54 320 16 Publish or Perish 953 34991 84
- 22. Benefits of Open Access • Satisfies the requirements of research funders requiring open access publication, such as Marsden, UK Research Councils, the NIH, Wellcome Trust and many othersBigger impact - potential for greatly increased dissemination and citation advantage • More equitable impact – access is for all, not just those who can afford journal subscriptions.
- 23. OA Citation Advantage Total number of studies so far 70 Studies that found a citation advantage 46 Studies that found no citation advantage 17 Studies that were inconclusive, found non-significant data or measured other things than citation advantage for articles 7 http://sparceurope.org/oaca/
- 24. Open Access Myths • OA articles are not copyrighted • OA articles are not peer reviewed • OA articles are free • OA articles have a lower impact factor • OA will harm scholarly societies
- 25. Directory of Open Access Journals • 8,858 / 1,987,356. Number of peer-reviewed OA journals and articles listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). • 338 (or 3.8%). Number journals with the DOAJ Seal of Approval in the DOAJ. • 6. Number of titles added daily to the DOAJ in the quarterly period between December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016 http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_by_the_numbers
- 26. Article Green Route (often manuscript) Institutional Repository UC Research Repository Disciplinary Repository arXiv Gold Route (journal article) Free to Submit Hybrid (Some articles OA with APCs) Elsevier All OA, APCs mandatory Biomed Central Open Access Routes
- 27. Green route: UC Research Repository • Over 6.5 million item downloads to date • 2nd biggest IR in NZ 3,710 5,739 PBRF Research Theses
- 29. Mandatory deposit of research Increase deposit rates • Opt out rather than opt in to the UC Research Repository. • ~12% of PBRF eligible items are currently deposited. Already exists for theses • Including embargos for sensitive research Would improve efficiency • Removes red tape (e.g. individual deposit licences) Commitment to open access • Ensures publicly funded research becomes publically available • Funders (Marsden, National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Research Council) increasingly require OA. • OA material more widely cited
- 30. 3rd party ‘repositories’ ArXiv Physical sciences archive – preprint repository http://arxiv.org/ Figshare Low cost repository http://www.figshare.org/ Research Gate Commercial research repository https://www.researchgate.net/home.Home.html/
- 31. Going for gold • Beall’s list of predatory publishers • APCs costs $300 - $3900 • No fund available at present
- 32. Why publish & Pay APCs? I prefer to publish in open access journals 30% I selected the journal for reasons other than open access (e.g. reputation, relevance) 50% Open access was specified in my funding contract 0% It was someone else's choice (e.g colleague, first author, supervisor) 5% It was easier to be accepted 5% Other reason - please specify 10%
- 33. Making you and your data more visible Dryad • Biomedical Data • Small Fee • dryaddata.org Figshare • Figures, slides • Free • figshare.com ORCiD • Identify Yourself • Free • orcid.org
- 34. Even more impact Scholarly • 17 Million Potential Viewers Public • 3 Billion Potential Viewers Industry • Research & Development Government • Public Policy Impact Pat Loria http://www.slideshare.net/patloria/pat-loria- altmetrics-oar-2013
- 35. Altmetrics • Traditional bibliometrics measure the impact of articles in academic journals. Technology and OA have made other types of metrics possible e.g. Impactstory • Altmetrics, cybermetrics or webometrics include impact in social media – Twitter, Mendeley, blogs, Facebook etc • Tweetations, twimpact factor -!
- 36. Examples of Altmetrics Services Plumanalytics.com Impactstory.org Altmetrics.org Twitter Facebook GIT SCOPUS Google Plus
- 37. • ORCID provides a persistent digital identifier that distinguishes you from every other researcher – disambiguation • UC will provide an ORCID ID for all academic staff
- 41. How to maximize research impact 1 Co-publish (especially internationally). Target high impact journals in your subject field Set up a Google Scholar profile and encourage your co-author/s to do so Put your publications in UC Repository indexed by Google Scholar and Scopus Consider Open Access (OA) Journals (see Directory of Open Access Journals). Use social bookmarking tools to promote your publications, e.g. CiteULike, Mendeley
- 42. Submit your peer reviewed manuscript to repositories – Subject (arXiv, RePeC) and Institutional repositories. Set up an ORCID ID so that all your publications contribute to your research profile If the journal you publish is not indexed by Scopus, ask the journal editors to contact Scopus to see if it can be included. Choose straight-forward title keywords when writing papers so that they appear on top of the search results Join in professional bodies & professional networks, e.g. LinkedIn How to maximize research impact 2
- 43. Questions? For more information consult the Scholarly Communication subject guide http://canterbury.libguides.com/scholarly or contact your liaison librarian.
- 44. • According to the most recent survey (2015), roughly one in three authors said that it was “very important” to them that the journals in which they publish make articles freely available, far fewer than said Impact Factor or the ability to publish for free were very important; interestingly, that number is down from 55% in the 2003 survey (according to Figure 23 in the report on the 2009 survey).
Editor's Notes
- Dame Janet Finch – how to expand access to research publications and to accelerate the progress toward a fully OA environment
- The prestige of a journal is usually measured by the number of times papers have been cited and downloaded from this journal
- Now we move to the subject of measuring the impact of the output of individuals. The most widely accepted measure of an individual’s research impact is the h-index. The h-index was proposed by physicist Jorge Hirsch in 2005 and although it’s been criticized in some areas, it has generally been positively received. Pro: Advantage of h-index is that it simultaneously measures both the quantity (number of papers) and the quality (impact or number of citations). An academic can’t have a high h-index without publishing a substantial numbers or papers nor without those papers being cited by others. This is the algorithm for calculating the h-index Basically your h index is calculated at the point where a number of publications coincide with the same no. of citations. It’s much more easily explained with by using a few examples to illustrate how the h-index works and some of the criticisms that have been levelled against it. We will address some of these points as we look at the tools available to calculate H-index and other measures of impact Con: doesn’t account for number or order of authors; fields vary in number of references cited; bounded by number of publications. May produce inconsistent results, eg “if two researchers with a different h-index co-author a paper together, it may lead to a reversal of their position in an h-index based ranking”. Ignores citations over and above what is needed to obtain a certain h-index. Less useful to measure academic achievement of junior academics
- 19,000 journals
- 8,000 science journals 2,600 social science journals Search by journal title or by discipline (or linked from article page in Web of Science) Rank alphabetically (default) or by Total cites, Impact factor, Immediacy factor and more... http://ezproxy.canterbury.ac.nz/login?url=http://isiknowledge.com/jcr
- Basically your h index is calculated at the point where a number of publications coincide with the same no. of citations. It’s much more easily explained with by using a few examples to illustrate how the h-index works and some of the criticisms that have been levelled against it. We will address some of these points as we look at the tools available to calculate H-index and other measures of impact Con: doesn’t account for number or order of authors; fields vary in number of references cited; bounded by number of publications. May produce inconsistent results, eg “if two researchers with a different h-index co-author a paper together, it may lead to a reversal of their position in an h-index based ranking”. Ignores citations over and above what is needed to obtain a certain h-index. Less useful to measure academic achievement of junior academics
- Gold – This means publishing in a way that allows immediate access to everyone electronically and free of charge. Publishers can recoup their costs through a number of mechanisms, including through payments from authors called article processing charges (APCs), or through advertising, donations or other subsidies Green - depositing the final peer-reviewed research output in an electronic archive called a repository. Repositories can be run by the researcher’s institution, but shared or subject repositories are also commonly used. Access to the research output can be granted either immediately or after an agreed embargo period.