This presentation by Jim Barborak, Anna Spenceley and Rita Casimiro provided the context for the 'Concessioning tourism opportunities in conservation areas and maximising rural development' workshop, held in Maputo between 19-22 March 2012 (Day 1, Session 1, Introduction)

1. Values of Partnerships are Recognized!
Partnerships in PA management was a key theme as
long ago as the 1992 World Parks Congress (Venezuela)
Introduction to the meeting: The Tourism Sessions at the last World Parks Congress
Concessioning tourism opportunities in conservation agreed that more work on the subject is warranted
areas and maximising rural development Major donors (IFC in Mozambique, Indonesia), IDB in
Brazil, World Bank, GEF, USAID, interested in topic
CBD specific has more equitable distribution of costs and
benefits of biodiversity conservation as a goal and
Jim Barborak, Anna Spenceley & Rita Casimiro poverty alleviation is a global development priority
Tourism to PAs is growing in many parts of the world
19 March 2012, Girassol Indy, Maputo
Demand for PAs to generate revenue for their own
budgets and to produce more tangible economic benefits
locally and nationally is growing
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PA Governance and Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve,
Institutional Aspects Costa Rica
Traditional view Current View Owned/managed by NGO
PAs can be owned or managed by all levels of Nearly 100K visitors/yr
government, NGOs, private land owners, Endowment and robust business
PAs are government plan, science/monitoring program
owned, government communities and tribes
Now 1 of over 100 private reserves
managed, and Good management of any PA requires a in CR network, cover over 1% of
government designated range of actors from the public and private country
sectors Building corridors to coast
Planning and management should be Spawned other private, public
participatory and adaptive reserves that nearly ring it
Benefits from environmental service
Privatization, devolution of control, local payments system
empowerment, and decentralization Generates surplus used to create
becoming more common and manage other reserves
Gift shop generates much revenue
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The California Concessions Workshop Recommendations from Workshop
Organized in 2011 by US National Park Recommended publication of best practices
Service and Colorado State University with manual, replication of similar workshops
support from World Commission on Protected regionally to promote public private
Areas and UNESCO World Heritage Centre partnerships
Brought together 40 concessionaires, Representatives from Asia, Africa, Latin
government and NGO reps and academics to America, Europe and North America
discuss best practices in public private Consensus that the field of public private
partnerships for tourism management in parks partnerships for managing tourism in PAs
merits increased attention and funding
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2. Background to the meeting - regional
African Safari Lodges workshop on nature-
tourism and poverty reduction - Ford
Foundation – 2008
IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas
(WCPA) Tourism and Protected Areas
Specialist group - initiative on Tourism
Concessions
USAID-SPEED initiative on concessions
manual for Mozambique
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Objectives of the meeting Presentations and working sessions
Concessions models – how these can contribute to
Review best practices and challenges from achieving national conservation objectives
southern Africa Concessions processes (i.e. tenders, applications,
concession contrat management)
Build capacity regionally on tourism Legal and institutional frameworks
concessions Sustainable tourism and rural development
Strengthen networks and communication Guidance for planning and implementing
between interested stakeholders concessions
Field trip to Maputo Special Reserve (cancelled)
Review of draft concessions manual for
Mozambique
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Agenda Outputs
Finalisation of Mozambican concessions
manual
Report reviewing status of concessions
Contributions to:
IUCN Best Practice guidelines on sustainable
tourism (2nd edition)
PARKS special edition
World Conservation Congress (WCC) (2012)
World Parks Congress (WPC) (2014)
Thursday 22 March- Day 4 : Working group review of Mozambique Manual - 8.30-12.30
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3. Concessions 101 Concessions 101
“Concessioning tourism opportunities” “in conservation areas”
Tourism Concessions - granting of Protected Areas – (IUCN) area of land and/or
(delegation) rights to develop tourism sea especially dedicated to the protection
activities and infrastructures in PA and and maintenance of biodiversity, and of
natural and associated cultural resources,
subject to (conservation) public interest: and managed through legal or other effective
Unilaterally, in the form of a (Special) License means.
In a mutually agreed manner, in the form of a Totally Protected Zones, part of the State public
Concession Contract domain
Part of a National management System
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Concessions 101 Concessions 101
Concessions regime – ownership of tourism Concessions models:
development rights in PA Licensing of activities in PA
State (own right) Contractual assignment of rights:
Communities (devolved by State or co- Over the whole PA, a Co-management contract
ownership) with the private sector, involving or not a SPV
Over specific areas/sites, a Concession
Community (Lessor) contract:
Private Sector (service provider, investor or Directly with the Private Sector
shareholder) Directly with Local Communities (or other
appointed entity) requiring private sector
subsequent involvement
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Concessions 101 Concessions 101
Tourism Users Fees - market-based funding mechanisms:
Entrance Fees
Concession contracts: Concession or Franchise Fees
Public-Private-Partnerships Licenses and Permits (activities) Fees
Concession - BOT, DBOT, BOOT, DBOOT, ROT and Tourism-based taxes
ROOT In Mozambique:
Lease or Affermage Entrance Fees
Management Recreational and Other activities Fees
Area Occupation Fees
Community-Public-Private-Partnerships
(together, the Legal Fees)
Sub-concession
Tourism-based taxes (licensing and permits)
Lease or Affermage Contractual contributions:
Management Community / social responsibility
Services provisions Conservation / environmental responsibility
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4. Concessions 101
Tourism concessions development
processes:
Legal Framework
Planning
Procurement
Contracting
Management
Monitoring
Enforcement
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