This presentation by Anna Spenceley was delivered at the 'Concessioning tourism opportunities in conservation areas and maximising rural development' workshop, held in Maputo between 19-22 March 2012 (Day 2, Session 6, Integrating sustainability)

1. What is sustainability?
ECONOMIC
Integrating sustainability:
Global and regional experience
Anna Spenceley
ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources
20 March 2012, Girrasol Indy, Maputo 2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ILO, 2011
What is sustainability? Economic sustainability
ECONOMIC
Destination:
regarding wildlife resources, safety and accessibility
1 hour from a local airport with reasonable international connections
Value:
Competitive pricing considering design, facilities, location, wildlife
resources, and services compared to similar destinations
Interpretation and Activities:
unique wildlife species to be observed
interesting activities available
quality guiding and interpretation
Management capacity:
ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL
ability to manage marketing, finances,
logistics, human resources, etc efficiently
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources Access to capital:
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities financing structures that allow for longer term
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio- return on investment are the most beneficial.
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ElperWood et al
2003
Economic sustainability Economic sustainability: Factors important to
holidaymakers when choosing a holiday
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
TUI, 2010
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2. What is sustainability? Environmental sustainability
ECONOMIC
Planning Construction Operation De-
Location Materials Activities commissioning
Design Waste Water use & Waste disposal
Footprint Footprint disposal Remediation
Access Energy
Materials
Waste
ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Environment & Planning Environment & infrastructure
Traditional design and techniques
• Project design
Use of environmental technologies (e.g. natural
• Location – sensitive sites
• Design standards - siting, design compatibility, light/cooling; energy efficient appliances; water
aesthetics, impact reduction re ecological and cultural conservation)
values (design to minimize negative effects on site and Training for artisans / thatchers
surrounding areas) / carpenters
• Design for operation – wastewater, water use, energy
conservation. Build in energy conservation technology Sustainable materials
• Access – by road, air, water and implications
• Planning requirements – Environmental Impact .
Assessment
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Adapted from Ted Manning, Tourisk Inc © Anna Spenceley, 2007 Makalali, South Africa © Anna Spenceley, 2007
Biodiversity & facilities Biodiversity & land management
Bushmans Kloof, South Africa
Sabi Sabi, South Africa
Pankhurst, cited in
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo Tapper et al, 2008 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Spenceley, 2007
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3. Biodiversity & activities The type of environmental Energy
impact depends on the
sensitivity
of the habitat to impacts.
Typical electrical
use breakdown for
a coastal resort
Drakensberg Mountains, Spenceley et al,
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Spenceley, 2007 South Africa Masaai mara, Kenya 2011
Energy saving technologies Waste
De Hoop Nature Reserve, South Africa
Reduce
Re-use
Spier, South Africa Recycle
Energy saving light bulbs, Solar panels can be used to
with daylight-sensors for heat water and power lights
use outdoors – save energy
Spenceley, 2007;
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Spenceley, 2007 Spenceley et al, 2011
Watamu, Kenya
Water Environmental Education
Kruger National Park, South Africa
Environmental education helps
tourists learn a lot about the
places they are visiting
– and how to look after it.
Spier, South Africa Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa
Hluhluwe,
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo Spenceley, 2007 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
South Africa Spenceley, 2007
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4. What is sustainability? Social and cultural sustainability
ECONOMIC
Planning and development – consultation
with stakeholders
Equity structure – involvement of local people
Culture integrated within design, activities
and procurement
ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Protected Area Stakeholders Partnerships, risks and requirements
Government and authorities
Protected Area Natural .
National government
attractions
Tour operators Local government
Tourism concession
Conservation
Tourism facilities
authorities
Tourists
Non-governmental
Community . Community Organisations
External based
activities organisations
Cultural
attractions and
Small Medium and
activities
Micro Enterprises
Traditional
authorities
Farmers
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo Adapted from ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Cultural tours
Culture in accommodation
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Spenceley, 2005 Spenceley, 2005
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5. Presentations
Culture in craft Concessions and sustainability in Andrew Kingman
Chimanimani: Ndzou Camp and MICAIA
Concessions and business sustainability in Dave Law
Mozambique: Banhine, Zinave, & Banamana
Concessions and sustainability in southern Sue Snyman
Africa: Wilderness Safaris
Maximizing local linkages into the Tourism Manuel Mutimucuio
(the value chain – “the trickledown effect”)
Spenceley, 2005
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