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open nprmazureaca-r K O,n;HOMy rc.naccy? Hey.IKeJIII IITHlIKa
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Corl1aCHO npil1HSlTOV. Hay"'HOv.
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aopona TO>Ke npil1HaAlle>KaT K nOAOT ­
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6. Y3HA~ MViP
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9

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10

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12. J1ECHbIE, nOJ1EBbIE,
CTEnHbIE, rOPHbIE ...
B 3TOM paanene Mbl n03HaKO­
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psrx MO>KHO yBL1AeTb, OTnpaBL1BWL1Cb
aa ropon, KOHe'"lHO, TaKOe AeneHL1e
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nenana He ace nTL1l...bl, KOTOpblX
MO>KHO BCTpeTL1Tb B necy L1 B none;
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cpene 06L1TaHL1S1.

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6011bLUASI CHHHLV
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13

14. Y3HA~ M~P
5E11ASI TPSlCOrY3KA
Benaa TpaCOrY3Ka OTHOCHT­
ca K norrorpany nen-rax. O,n;HaKO
ee IIeHHe HHqeM He nparae-ra'rens­
HO. Cnepxy Tpacory3Ka cepaa, HO
aazraaa qaCTb werrKH, 3aTbWOK,
rop.no H sepxaaa qaCTb rpvznca y
nee qepHble. Cpezraaa ,n;nHHa nTH­
IJ;bl - 20 CM. Tpacor-yaxa - nTH­
IJ;a nepezre'rnaa, neTOM (a TOqHee, C arrpe.na no OKTa6pb)
ee MOJKHO BCTpeTHTb nOBCIO,n;y B POCCHH, a 3HMorr OHa OT­
npaanaerca B KPblM H Barcaarcaase. Tpacor-yaxa ­
oxem, IIo,n;BHJKHaa rrra-nca, IJ;enblrr ,n;eHb OHa 6eraeT H
rrpn 3TOM nee nperaa TpaceT XBOCTOM, aa qTO H no.ny-rrora
csoe Ha3BaHHe. JIeTaeT rpacoryarca TOJKe zroao.m.no 6blC­
TpO, HO aa 6onbwyIO BblCOTY He IIo,n;HHMaeTca.
CHEr~Pb
Caer-apr, OTHOCHTca K ceMerrcTBy BbIOPKOBblX. Y scex
BbIOPKOBblX xaparcrcpmait rro.ner - neTaIOT OHH no zryre.
06blKHOBeHHblrr cnerapr, HMeeT apKYIO oxpacxy, HO HHO­
rzta BCTpeqaIOTCa COBepweHHO xepmae
OCo6H. Heo6bIKHOBeHHO rcpacnn CHe­
rHpb 3HMorr, rcorna OH asrne.naerca aa
6enOM cnery CBOHMH apKHMH IJ;BeTa­
MH, zta H B Ha3BaHHH, rcoropoe napozt
ztan STorr rrrn-nce, npacyrcrnyer cnOBO
«cner- ». B ,n;nHHyOHaztoc'rar-ae'r 18 CM.
IIHTaeTca caernps CeMeHaMH zrepensen
H rpaa, neTOM B ero panaca axozrar
H nacexosrsre, B KOHIJ;e necnsr CaMOq­
rca cner-apa orxnansmaer 4-5 aHqeK,
H3 KOTOpblX B CKOpOM BpeMeHH Bbl­
.nynnarorca nTeHIJ;bI. 06HTaeT caernps
B xsoitnsrx .necax EBpa3HH.
14

15. nECH~E, nOnEB~E, CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
nA30PEBKA
JIa30peBKa OTHOCIITCfl K ceMeHcTBy CIIHIlII. He CJIy­
t.IaHHO ee Ha3bIBaIOT erue cIIHeH IITIlIIeH. Xaparcrepnaa
ocofiemroc'rs JIa30peBKII - CIIHeBaTafl (naaopenaa) OKpa­
CKa nepxneii t.IaCTII TeJIa. ,IJ;JIIIHa STOH IITIlt.IKII - OKOJIO
12 CM. 0611TaeT JIa30peBKa B JIeCHbIX 06JIaCTflX Eaporrsr,
B Kpsrray, na KaBKa3e, B CeBepHOH Arppmce, B A31111.
113 cpenneii II ceaepaoii 1I0JIOC Poccan JIa30peBKII na 311­
My nepeKOt.IeBbIBaIOT B IOJKHhle paHOHbI, a B MapTe B03­
nparrrarorca B MeCTa 1I0CTOflHHoro 06IITaHllfl.
3S16m1K
3fl6JIIIK - ern;e O,n;IlH IIpe,n;CTaBI1TeJIh ceMeHCTBa
BhIOPKOBhIX. 8Ta nTIIt.IKa C KpaCHOBaTo-6ypOH CIIIIH­
KOH I1MeeT ,n;JII1HY OKOJIO 16 CM. Bozrarca 3fl6JII1KI1 rro
BceH Enpone, rrpe asryntec'meuno B .necax. mllByT 3fl6­
JII1KI1 napaxm, HO, nepeneraa na 311My B 60JIee IOJKHbIe
rcpaa, C6I1BaIOTCfl B CTaI1. CaMIIbI npoaanaror CBOll nesne­
CKI1e Clloc06HOCTll, rcorzta caMKII CI1,n;flT aa flHIIax. B STOT
rrepnon caMIIbI oc06eHHO ,n;pat.IJII1BhI. CaMKI1 BhICIIJKIl­
BaIOT IITeHIIOB B rneaztax, 1I0CTpoeHHhIX 06hlt.IHO na
paaneruneaaax, - B MeCTax, r,n;e BeTBII 06pa3yIOT PO­
ra TKI1. CaMKa aa JIeTO 06hlt.IHO ,n;BaJK,n;hI OTKJIa,n;bIBaeT
110 5-6 flI1t.IeK.
3.fl6JlUK
JI asopeetca

16. Y3HAH M~P
AY50HOC
,[(y60HOC - TOJKe lI3 CeMeHCTBa BhIOPKOBhIX. 8Ta He­
60JIhIllaJi IlTlI"'ma (rro 18 CM) OTJIlIqaeTCJI TOJICThIM ClIJIh­
HhIM KJIIOBOM, IlO KOTOpOMy OHa II IlOJIy'llIJIa caoe
Ha3BaHlIe. BepXHJIJI 'laCTh CIllIHhI y zryfionoca oxpamena
B IllOKOJIa,D;HhIH IJ;BeT. fOJIOBa ­ JKeJITOBaTo-6ypaJilI rre­
nern.ao-cepaa. 8TlI IlTI1IJ;hI IlOCJIe BhIBep;eHI1J1 IlTeHIJ;OB
MoryT CTaTh HaCTOJlru;I1M 6ep;CTBI1eM P;JIJI canonozros.
Ovens OXO'l p;y60HOC p;o BI1IlleH. OH yMeJIO paarpsraaer
I1X KOCTO'lKI1 11 r JIOTaeT azrpsnmea. IIopTI1T p;y60HOC rca­
nvcry, ropox 11 zrpyr-ne pacrenua. I ITeHIJ;OB 3Ta IlTI1IJ;a
BhIBOP;I1T 06hI'lHO zraa paaa aa JIeTO.
MYXonOBKA·5EJ10WE~KA
MyxOJIOBKa-6eJIOIlleHKa orcpanrena B TeMHo-cephIH
IJ;BeT. Y CaMIJ;OB mea 6eJIaJl C3a,D;I1 11 cnepezm - CJIOBHO
6eJIhIH OIlleHHI1K na IlTI1'lKY nazrer. B P;JII1Hy MyxOJIOBKa
p;OCTI1raeT 16 CM. 06I1TaeT OHa B IOJKHOH 11 Cpezraeii EB­
pone. B KJIa,D;Ke y nee 5-7 JllIIJ; rOJIy60BaToro IJ;BeTa.
C KOHIJ;a I1IOJIJI IlO Ha'laJIO aIlpeJIJI 6eJIOIlleHKa rrpezmo­
'lWraeT JKI1Th B IOJKHhIX
rcpaax , a na OCTaJIhHYIO
'laCTh rop;a IlepeCeJIJleTCJI
B cenepnsre 06JIaCTlI, rzte II
BhIBOP;lIT IlTeHIJ;OB.
/1,y60HOC
MyXOJW61W­
tienoiue ZUW
16

17. nECH~E, nOnEB~E, CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
rA~~KA
I'an-nca - ozma 1I3 pa3HOBlI,n;HOCTell CllHW-IeK. OTJIll­
xae'r ralIqKY OT ClIHlIqKlI MeHbililill paaraep, -repaaa ro­
JIOBKa II 6eJIbIll H1I3 orrepenna, I'aa-ncn 06blqHO JKlIByT
B .necax - TaM OHlili BbIBO,n;HT IITeHrrOB. OTJIllqalOTCH arn
MaJIeHbKlIe IITllqKlI y,n;lIBlITeJIbHOll JIOBKOCTblO, KOTopaH
II03BOJIHeT liM B IIOliCKax JIlIqlIHOK HaceKOMbIX JIa3aTb IIO
caMbIM TOHKlIM BeTOqKaM. Erne oznra ooorienaocrr, ran­
qeK ­ ,n;OBepqlIBOCTb no OTHOIIIeHlIlO K qeJIOBeKy.
uisron
CeMellCTBO BblOPKOBbIX ,n;OBOJIbHO MHOrOqlICJIeHHO:
erne O,n;lIH ero IIpe,n;CTaBlITeJIb -mero.n. Y aTOll rrrmrsr
KpyrJIbIlllI OCTPbIll KJIIOB, xopo ncae nor-a II XBOCT C BbI­
eMKoll. Xaparcrepao ,n;JIH mer-na necrpoe oneperrae, ozm­
HaKOBOOKparneHHoeycaMrrOBllcaMOK.Cpe,n;HHH,n;JIliHa
rrrartsr - 13 CM. Ilfer-na MOJKHO ncrper-arr, nOBCIO,n;y
B cpezraeii IIOJIOCe 1I K tor-y OT nee. Harne ncero mer.ma
BCTpeqalOTCH B6JI1I31I nopor, na .nyrax 1I IIOJIHHaX, r,n;e
OHlili BbIBO,n;HT IITeHrrOB. KaK 1I ace neaxne IITlirrbI, mer­
JIbI OTJIlIqalOTCH rcpacnnsra IIeHlIeM, XOTH zto
COJIOBbH liM, KOHeqHO, ,n;aJIeKO . IIlITalOTCH rue ­
rJIbI ceraenaraa ztepeasen 1I HaceKOMbIMlI, qeM
IIpliHOCHT HeMaJIylO nOJIb3Y qeJIOBeKy.
raU'l1Ca
m eZOJL
17

18. Y3HAl1 MViP
LUyp
I.IJ;yp - eIIJ;e O.n;MH rrpezt ­
CTaBIITeJIh MHOrOqIICJIeHHOrO
ceMeHCTBa BhIOPKOBhIX. OH
OT JIIIqaeTCH MOIIJ;HhIM KJIIO­
BOM, BepXHHH CTBopKa KOTO ­
poro IIMeeT KPlOqKOo6pa3HYlO
epOPMY. Y CaMIJ;a B orrepeaan
npeotinanaer KpaCHhIH IJ;BeT. ,IJ;JIMHa
nTMqKII - OKOJIO 22 CM. I.IJ;yp - nTMIJ;a
cenepnaa II JIIIIIIh B onerrs cyponsre 3II ­
MhI OTKOqeBhIBaeT K tor-y. 06IITalOT IIJ;y­
psi B XBOHHhIX rrecax II rro 06pa3Y
.iK1I3HII noxoaca aa KJIeCTOBIiKOB. Fln ­
TalOTCH IIJ;YPhI, KaK M KJIeCTOBIiKII, ce ­
noezraror
MeHaMII 1lI1I1lIeK, XOTH JIeTOM
npexpacusre neBIJ;hI, npaxevr
II HaceKOMhIX. I.IJ;YPhI -
nOIOT OHM npeIIMYIIJ;eCTBeHHO no-rr.ro, aa qTO B HeKOTO ­
psrx cenepm-rx 06JIaCTHX MX Ha3hIBalOT cropoacaraa.
1l0n0J13EHb
IITIIIJ;hI II3 ceMeikTBa CIIHIIIJ; II nOnOJI3HeH - 6JIII3KIIe
pO.n;CTBeHHIIKII. rJIaBHOe OTJIH:1IlIe nOnOJI3HeH OT CIIHIIIJ; ­
.n;JIIIHHhIe IIaJIhIJ;hI,nocpyaceaasie TOHKIIMM 11 OCTphIMII
KorTfIMM. HaH:6oJIee pacnpocrpanea aarranrrsrti nOnOJI3eHh.
IIpe06JIa.n;aroIIJ;aH ero OKpaCKa csepxy - CBMHIJ;OBO-CepaH,
CHlI3Y - P030BaTO-meJITaH. ,IJ;JIIIHa 3WH nTH:1IK1I - ~
MeHhIIIe 15 CM. ilOnOJI3HH MomHO BCTpeTMTh nOqTII no ­
BceMeCTHO B cpermeii nOJIOce, anpezrrro­
qMTaeT OH CMeIIIaHHhIe rreca, rzte
nMTaeTCH ceMeHaMII, Hro.n;aMII II nacexo­
MhIMIi. ECJIII nOnOJI3HIO, KOTOphIH 060 ­
pyztyer ce6e rneszro B zryrr.ne, KameTCH,
qTO BXO.n; BeJIIiKOBaT, OH qaCTIIqHO aaraa­
3hIBaeT ero rJIIIHOH IIJIII 3eMJIeH, CMaqlI­
BaH IIX CJIIOHOH. Bacoxnya , 3Ta 3aMa3Ka
CTaHOBIiTCH He06hIKHOBeHHO rrpovaoii.

19. nECH~E, nOnEB~E,CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
K.nECT-EJ10B~K
KJIeCT-eJIOBllK - rrTllII;a ll3 ce­
Me:HCTBa BhIOPKOBhIX. OHa HMeeT
O,n;HY xapaKTepHyIO oc06eHHOCTh ­
MOru;HhI:H II CllJIhHhI:H KJIIOB. Tlpa
3TOM KOHII;hI HllJKHe:H H BepXHe:H
CTBOpOK tIyTh CMeru;eHhI OTHOCH­
TeJIhHO ztpyr ztpyr:a. 8'1'0 HyJKHO
KJIecTy-eJIOBllKy ,n;JIJI roro, tIT06hI
,n;06hIBaTh ceraeaa a a nnnrrex co­
CHhI II enn. KJIeCT MOJKeT nonac­
HyTh na umrmce II BhIKJIeBhIBaTh
na nee cexrena, a MOJKeT II copsa-n,
rrrnnncy, nepenecr a ee B y,n;06Hoe ,n;JIJI ce6JI MeCTO II zto­
6hIBaTh cesrena TaM. 06llTaIOT KJIeCThI-eJIOBllKll llCKJIIO­
tIllTeJIhHO B eJIOBhIX H COCHOBhIX .necax , rzte II BhIBO,n;JIT
rrOTOMCTBO. 8Ta rrTlltIKa He 60llTCJI XOJIO,n;OB, ee rrTeHII;hI
MoryT rrOJIBJIJIThCJI II B MOP03HYIO 3llMy, II JIeTOM.
CB~P~CTEJ1b
Caapacrern, oxpainen npenxry­
ru;eCTBeHHO B rcpacuoaaro-cepsrii
II;BeT, a cpe,n;HJIJI ero nnnaa COCTaB­
JIJIeT 20 CM. Cnapncre.m, rrpezmo-m­
raer CeJIllThCJI B XBO:HHhIX cesepnsrx
.necax, XOTJI B xo.noztasre 3liMhI MO­
JKeT OTKOtIeBhIBaTh K rory. JIeToM
cnapac're.ns naraerca xoraaparan,
a 3llMO:H noeztaer arozrsr . Caapnc­
TeJIh (ll caMII;hI, li caenca) naztaror
urrmarrryro rpens, nepexoztanryro
B CBliCT. Caapacram, JIerKO
npassncaer K HeBOJIe, a yxcnn­
tIllBhI:H npas II xpacusoe orre­
penne .n.eJIaIOT ero ll.n.eaJIhHO:H
rrTllII;e:H .n.JIJI coztepacarraa no­
Ma B KJIeTKe.
19

20. Y3HA~ MViP
KEAPOBKA
Keztponxa - n pezrcraaarem, CeMeH:CTBa BOpOHOBblX .
.IJ:pyroe aaasanae 3TOH: rrTWIKli - OpeXOBKa. rJIaBHa.H
nama rcezrpoaxa - OpeIIIKli, OTCIO,n;a li naaaanne, orpa­
malOI.I.J;ee ee a rcyconsre n penn ov r en na. O,n;HaKO rcenpoarcv
BrrOJIHe ycrpaanaror li meJIy,n;li, ceraena XBOH:HblX, .HrO,n;bl
P.H6liHbl li 60.HpblIIIHliKa, "'lepBli, nacercoxrsre. B OKpaCKe
3TOH: OTHOCliTeJIbHO xpyrrnofi rrTliIJ;bl (B ,n;JIliHy OHa n o­
c'rnraer 3 6 CM) n peotinaaaer TeMHo-6YPblll II;BeT. Kezt­
pOBKa npezmo-rarae-r XBOH:Hble .neca , r,n;e pacryr li
xenpsr. I'n eazta xeztponxn npezmo-raraior CTPOliTb B r.ny ­
xnx xanrofiax . ::ha rrnrna rrepaomorecxa 3liMOll ycrpan­
aae'r rrepe.nersr B rreca Banaznroii Espoma, HO TaM
xezrposxa He n pnxcanaerca li scrcope ncxeaae-r ,n;o c.nezry­
lOI.I.J;eH: MlirpaII;lili.
l1Anl1AHACK~l1 nOAOPO>KH~K
8Ta rrnrna li3 CeMeH:CTBa OBC.HHKOBblX liMeeT xepayrc
rOJIOBKy, B OCTaJIbHOM me y nee npeofinaztaer pxcano­
6ypoe onepemre C qepHblMli n .HTHaMli. ,UJIliHa nozto­
poacnmca - OKOJIO 16 CM . Jl arrnaaztcrcnfi noztopoacamc
otiaraer B Ty H,n;p e - ero MomHO scrpe-nrn, li B Cxanna­
naann, li B CeBepHOH: Catiapn . JIliIIIb B casrsre cyponsre
MeC.HII;bl nonopoxcaax nepece.naerca B 60JIee Ten JIble
Keop061W
20

21. nECH~E, nOnEB~E,CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
MeCTa, HO roxcnee cpezraeii rrOJIOCbI npaxr asecxa He aa­
JIeTaeT. Ilonopoacamc O~llHaKOBO XOpOlIIO II JIeTaeT,
fier-aer. IIpllqeM OH He npsrraer, KaK aopofien , a nepe­
II
c'rynae'r C nor-a na nor-y. XOTH necaa nonopoacnmca Co­
CTOllT scero ll3 O,D;HOH CTPOCPbI, na CJIyx OHa ~OBOJIbHO
npasrrna. JIeToM IIO,D;OpOmHllK rraraerca nacexorasrwra,
~~ a 3llMOH IIepeXO~I1T na cexreaa pacreuaii.
JI an.naniic IWU
nOOOpOJICHUK:
IIyHo1[K:a
nYHOllKA
Tlyuo-nca, llJIll cHemHbIH IIO,D;OpOmHllK, - Tome
rrTllqKa aa ceMeHCTBa OBC.ffHKOBbIX. JIeToM OHa 06bI'IHO
I1MeeT rrpellMYlIJ;eCTBeHHO 6eJIOCHemHyIO orcpacrcy, a 311­
MOH MaKylIIKa II qaCTb crraarcn y nee CTaHOB.ffTC.ff rcopnn­
HeBaTo-6YPbIMll. Ilyao-nca - IITllIJ;a cenepnaa, ofia-raer
OHa 06bIqHO B TYH~pe, a na 3llMy cnycxaerca B 60JIee
IOmHbIe nnrpor-sr. I'neszta nyao-nor YCTpallBaIOT B pacce­
JIllHaX CKaJI II na fieperoasrx ofipsraax TyH,D;pbI, rrTeHIJ;OB
BbIKapMJIllBaIOT KOMapaMH, He~OCTaTKa B KOTOpbIX B
TYH~pe He ourymaerca. B cpenueii rro.noce 3'1'11 IITl1qKH
IIO.ffBJI.ffIOTC.ff TOJIbKO C HacTyIIJIeHlleM XOJIO~OB, rcorna
BbIIIa~eT IIepBbIH cner. He CJIyqaHHO HX B HeKOTopbIX
paaonax POCCHll Ha3bIBaIOT caerypxaraa.
21

22. Y3HA~ Ml'IP
BOPOH
XOT.H rcpmc BOpOHa Ha3BaTh necneii TPYP;HO, OH OTHO ­
CIITC.H K I10P;OTp.HP;y I1eB"tJIIX I1TIIl(. BOPOH - CaMhIll
KPYIlHhIll I1pep;CTaBIITeJIh pozta BOpOHOBhIX, OH p;OCTIIra ­
er B P;JIIIHy 66 CM. BOPOH IIMeeT OP;HOToHHoe "tJepHoe one ­
penne (XOT.H B CII6IIpII mror'zra BCTpe"tJaIOTC.H BOPOHhI
C 6eJIhIMII I1.HTHaMII) II CIIJIhHhIll "tJyTh II30rHYThIll KJIIOB.
BOPOH pacnpocrpanen I10 Bcell EBpOIle II na 60JIhIIIell "tJa­
CTII A3IIII. BOPOH - I1TIIl(a BCe.Hp;Ha.H. OH rroeztaer I1JIOP;hI,
arozn,r, BceB03MomHhIe OT6poChI II K TOMy me .HBJI.HeTC.H
XIIm:HIIKOM. OH narraner na ztpyrnx I1TIIl( II aaepen , Ero
p;o6hI"tJell CTaHOB.HTC.H 3alll(hI, p;oMaIIIHIIe rcypsr, HOBO­
poxczteam.re .HrH.HTa. BOPOHhI 6hICTpO I1pIIBhIKaIOT K He ­
BOJIe, eCJIII I10Ila.n;aIOT K "lIeJIOBeKy B pamrera soapacre.
OHII XOpOIIIO I10.n;.n;aIOTCH zrpeccaponxe II I1pOHBJI.HIOT aa­
Me"tJaTeJIhHhIe CIIoco6HOCTII. Y STOll I1TIIl(hI BeJIIIKOJIeIl­
Ha.H CIIoco6HOCTh K 3BYKOIlo.n;pamaHIIIO - B HeBOJIe OHa
Bhly"tJIIBaeTCH «rOBopIITh », MomeT CMeHThCH, KaK "tJeJIO­
BeK, II JIaHTh, KaK cotiaxa,
BOPOH

23. nECH~E, nOnEB~E,CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
CTEHOllA3
CTeHOJIa3a (cesreii­
CTBO rrauryxonsre) ys­
naenn. cpaay. r JIaBHOe
ero OTJIlltIlle 0'1' ztpyr'nx
6JIll3KllX K 3TOMy ce­
MeHcTBy IITllII - ,ll;JIllH­
HhIH TOHKllH KJIIOB. Y
OCHOBaHllH OH IIOtITll
KpyrJIhIH, a na rconue
OCTPhIH II tIyTh aar-ay­
ThIH. I I peorinanaroutaii
IIBeT onepenna CTeHOJIa­
3a - IIeIIeJIhHO-CephIrr.
,IJ;JIllHa aroii IITlltIKll ­
no 16 CM . Enre oznra
xapaKTepHaH oc06eH­
HOCTh CTeHOJIa3a: OH
ofiarae'r rJIaBHhIM 06­
pa30M B ropm-rx npenrro-nrraa xpyr sre 06phI­
paiionax,
BhI II YTeChI. Cn.rn.m-re aorrr C ,n;JIllHHhIMll nansnaran,
noopyxcennsre TOHKllMll OCTphIMll KorTHMll, II03BOJIHIOT
3Torr IITHtIKe JIerKO H 6hICTpO JIa3aTh IIO OTBeCHhIM CKa­
JIaM. IIHTaeTcH CTeHOJIa3 HaceKOMhIMll - OH CXBaThIBa­
er HX CB OllM ,ll;JIHHHhIM KJIIOBOM IIpHMO co CKaJIhI. JIOBHT
,n;06hItIy CTeHOJIa3 H B IIOJIeTe.
lfEKAH
Hercaa rrpnnaztneacnr K ceraeiicru y ,ll;P03,n;OBhIX. 8Ta
II'l'HtIKa HMeeT CKpOMHyIO oxpacrcy H aefiom.nme paarae­
psr - zto 16 CM. rHe3,ll;HTCH xercaa na paaannax II XOJI­
MHCThIX .nyrax IIO Bcerr TeppHTopHH EBpOIIhI, a 3HMyeT
B TpOIIHtIeCKOrr Arpprrrce , B rcnaznce casrmr tIeKaHa )];0
7 HHII. IITeHIJ;hI BhIJIYIIJIHIOTCH -repea zme He,n;eJIH. Erne
tIepe3 ztne He,n;eJIH IITeHllhI IIOKll,ll;aIOT r-neazto, HO oun
erne 6eCIIOMoru;HhI H OKOJIO Tpex nezte.m, po,n;HTeJIH IIPO­
,n;OJI.iKaIOT 3a60THThCH 0 HHX.
23

24. Y3HAH MHP
KAMEHKA
KaMeHKa - STO CTpOMHaH rrTJPIKa H3 CeMeMCTBa
.n;P03.n;OBbIX C KJIIOBOM, rrOXO.IKHM aa IlIHJIbIJ;e. ,I:(JIHHa rca­
MeHKH - no 16 CM. KaMeHKa 06bIKHoBeHHaH HMeeT H
.n;pyroe Ha3BaHHe - rronyrvax. ,I:(ep.IKaTCH KaMeHKH
06bI"tIHO B MeCTHOCTH, H306HJIyIOIIJ;eM KaMHHMH, B rcarae­
HHCTbIX H nec-ransrx nvcrsmax. KaMeHKH XOpOIliO 6e­
raIOT. IIocJIe HeCKOJIbKHX KOpOTKHX npofieacex rrrronca
OCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH, aanpsrr-anae-r aa KaKYIO-HH6y.n;b KOtI­
rcy HJIH rcaraynrerc rronsnne H ztenaer «rrOKJIOHbI »: TO
onycxaer, TO nonnnraaer XBOCT H rOJIOBy. JIeTaeT rca­
MeHKa HH3KO Ha.n; 3eMJIeM. IIecHH KaMeHKH xaparcrepa­
ayerca CBHCTHIIJ;HMH 3ByKaMH, IIJ;eJIKaHbeM H xpnnaraa.
IIHTaeTcH OHa HaceKOMbIMH.
nYCTblHHblH CHEn1Pb
IIYCTbIHHbIM cner-npr, rrpHHa.n;JIe.IKHT K ceMeMcTBy
BbIOpKOBbIX. BCTpetIaeTCH OH B CeBepHOM ACjJpHKe
H pacnpocrpaaen aa 3Ha"tIHTeJIbHOM tIaCTH A3HH, nace­
JIHeT nycrr.nrasre H no.nynycr-sraasre (orrcvna H Ha3Ba­
HHe) y"tIaCTKH ropHCTbIX
MeCTHOCTeM. CKy.n;HOM paCTH­
TeJIbHOCTH STHX MeCT exry
XBaTaeT .n;JIH rrporraraana.
Ilucmeuacut: cnezupu

25. nECH~E, nOnEB~E, CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
BeJWHOJfCIW
6EJ10HO>KKA
BeJIOHO.iKKa (cesreiicrao ,n;p03,n;OBhIX) - IITl1'IKa 'IyTh
fio.m.nre Bop06hH. IIepe,n;HHH 'IaCTh rOJIOBhI y nee 'IepHaH
C xapaxrepasne 6eJIhIM IIHTHOM na JI6y. C3a,n;11 IIpe06JIa­
ztaer 6eJIaH orcpacica. I1cKoHHoe MeCTO 06l1'raHl1H STl1X
IITl1ll, - Kl1TaH, rne 6eJIOHO.iKKl1 CeJIHTCH B ropax 'IyTh
Hl1.iKe aJIhIIl1HCKOH 30HhI. 311MOH 6eJIOHO.iKKl1 cIIycKaIOT­
CH BH113 11 zrepacarca y fieper-on 6ypHhIX pexex. I'neazto
6eJIOHO.iKKl1 JII06.HT CTPOl1Th IIO,n; aoztonanaran, xyzta IIpO­
Hl1KHYTb MO.iKHO TOJIhKO CKB03h TOJII.IJ;y BO,n;bI. IIpoIIl1Ta­
mre 6eJIOHO.iKKl1 ,n;06hIBaIOT B nozte, BhIJIaBJIl1BaH BO,n;HhIX
6ecII03BOHO'IHbIX 11 paCTeHl1.H.
CAKCAynbHASI COHKA
CaKcaYJIhHa.H cOHKa (ceraeiicruo BOPOHOBhIX) 0611Ta­
e-r B IIyCTbIH.HX OT ApaJIbCKOrO MOpH zto T116eTa. 8Ta
rrrmra l1MeeT ,n;JIl1Hy zto 25 CM. OKpaCKa carccaym.noii
COHKl1 - IIeIIeJIbHO-Cepa.H, a .iKl1BeT STa IITl1IJ,a na 3eM­
JIe cpezm CKy,n;HOH paCTl1TeJIhHOCTl1. B soaztyx STa COH­
25

26. Y3HAH M~P
rca noznrasraerca peznco,
a nor o rey II llMeeT OT­
HOCllTenbHO ManeHbKlle
.n;n Ji CBOllX pa3MepOB
KPbWbJi - .n;nllHoM Bce­
ro orco.no 12 CM. JIeToM
B ee pauao a BXO.n;JiT na­
cexoxrsre, a 3llMOM OHa
nepexorra-r aa pact-a­
TenbHYIO mnrry.
CHHSISI nTHLI,A
Cnnaa m-ana npnnaztneaca'r K ceMeMCTBY .n;P03.n;OBbIX
II rrOSTOMY BHeIJlHe narroraaaaer zrpoana, HO OTnll"LlaeTCJi
OT Hero fiorree .n;nllHHbIM XBOCTOM II TeMHo-qmoneTOBOM:
oKpaCKOM: CnllnOBbIM OTTeHKOM. ,IJ;nllHa CllHeM: m-mrsr ­
rrpntinaaare.nsno 35 CM. BO.n;llTCJi OHa B ropnsrx YI.I.J;enbJiX,
r.n;e ecrr, He oxem, r-ycrsre aapocrm ztepenses llnll KYCTOB,
npezmomn-aa nepacarr.ca B6nll3ll BO.n;bI. Tlpou.aramre
CllHJiJi m-ana .n;o6bIBaeT B sozte, asmaannaaa n ll"LlllHOK II
BO.n;HbIX HaceKOMbIX. I1 TeHIJ;bI rrOJiBnJiIOTCJi na CBeT B
Mae , a B KOHIJ;e llIOHJi yxce noxnnaior rneana .
26

27. llECHbIE, nOllEBbIE, CTEnHbIE, rOPHblE
APLtEBbU1 AY60HOC
ApqeBbI:H ,n;y60HOC (ce­
MeMCTBO BbIDpKOBble) ­
3epH05l~Ha51 IITHIl,a C xa­
parcrepa srre ~JI5I TaKOI1:
CIIeIl,HaJIbHOCTH KJIIDBOM.
ApqeBbIM ~y60HOC mrre­
pecen TeM, qTO IIHTaeTC5I
IIOqTH UCKJIIDqHTeJIbHO ceMeHaMH apnn (STO TaKOM Bll~
MOmmeBeJIbHllKa), a IIOTOMy II ofiaraer TaM, rzre STO
pacrenne BCTpeqaeTC5I - B apnensrx .necax Cpezmeii H
IJ;eHTpaJIbHOM A3llH.
rPALt
Tpax (ceMeMCTBO BOpOHOBbIX) - 6JIH3KllM poztcrsen­
HHK BOpOHbI, HO OTJIHqaeTC5I OT nee 60JIee CTpOMHbIM
CJIOmeHHeM. Y rpana y~JIllHeHHbIM KJIIDB, a B oIIepeHHH
rrpeofinaziae'r qepHbIM Il,BeT. ,IJ;JIllHa STOM IITHIl,bI - zto
50 CM. I'pa-m BO~51TC5I rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M B cpezmeii IIO­
JIOce, XOT5I BCTpeqaIDTC5I H na cenepe, II na rore. COTHll
TbIC5Iq STllX IITllIl, na 3HMY IIepeJIeTaIDT B CeBepHyID
Adipmcy. ,IJ;JI5I rrepe.nera OHH co6IIpaIDTC5I B orpowasre
craa. I'neazra rpa-m BbIDT na ztepesr.ax B aaropozm srx
ponrax HJIH ropoztcrcnx cazrax. I'pax, KaK II nopona, MO­
meT IIOMMaTb MOJIO~Oro 3aMqOHKa llJIH
rcyponarrcy, HO see me IIHTaeTC5I rJIaB­
HbIM 06pa30M HaceKOMbIMll H IIOJIeBbIMH
MblIIIaMI1, y JII1TKaMI1.
27

28. Y3HA~ MHP
A1lbn~'1CKMI rAJ1KA
AJIbIIIIMCKaH ramca (CeMeMCTBO BOpOHOBbIX) IIMeeT
6apXaTIICTO-~epHOe OIIepeHIIe, :>KeJITbIM KJIIOB II rcpac­
Hble nor-a. jKIIBeT aJIbrrIIMCKaH ranxa B ropax, npezmo­
~IITaH CeJIIITbCH BblIIIe rpaHIIIJ; JIeCa, HO HII:>Ke 30HbI
CHerOB. ,IJ;JIIIHa nOM IITIIIJ;bI - OKOJIO 40 CM. I'amca JIerKO
rrpnpyxaerca II IIPIIBH3bIBaeTCH K ~eJIOBeKY. I'arnca ­
XOPOIIIIIM IIMIITaTOp, OHa JIerKO BblY~IIBaeTCH HaCBIIC­
TbIBaTb paam.re MeJIo,n;1I1I H MO:>KeT 6blTb oxeas 3a6aBHa
B ztorae. IIpIIPy~eHHoM ranxe MO:>KHO 6e3 60H3HII paspe­
IIIaTb JIeTaTb rro nceray ,n;OMy, a OKa3aBIIIIICb na BOJIe,
ranxa B03BpaIIJ;aeTCH naaazr K X03HeBaM.
nYCTblHHASI CJ1ABKA
CeMeMCTBO CJIaBOK IIpHHa,z:J;JIe:>KHT K IIO,n;OTpH,n;y nes­
~IIX. Cpezm 3TH X rrTHIJ; ecrr, COBceM KpOXOTHble (,n;JIHHOM
10 CM) II «BeJIHKaHbI» (,n;JIHHOM zto 26 CM). Y CJIaBKOBbIX
06bl~HO TOHKHe H CJIerKa H30rHYTble KHII3Y KJIIOBbI.
I'aeazra CJIaBKH Ha~HHaIOT CTpOHTb, xorna pacrrycrcarorca
JIHCTbH. 5IMIJ;a OHH OTKJIa,z:J;bIBaIOT zraa paaa B
rozt: nepnsra pa3 - B Mae, BTOPOM - B KOHIJ;e
HIOHH. CaMKa HaCH:>KIIBaeT HMIJ;a 10-11 ,n;HeM,
BbIKapMJIHBaIOT IITeHIJ;OB 06a po,n;HTeJIH. JIe­
TOM CJIaBKI1 rrHTaIOTCH HaceKOMbIMI1, a 6JIII:>Ke
K ocenn nepexoznrr aa paCTIITeJIbHYIO IIIIIIJ;Y •
Il ycmbllilia.fl CJla6Ka
Anunuiicicasi
ea.ntca
28

29. nECH~E, nOnEB~E,CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
XOxnATASI CHHHUA
XOXJIaTa.H CMHHu;a, HJIM rpenaztep, - O,n;HH M3 caxnax
,n;HKOBHHHbIX npencraaareneii ceMeftcTBa CHHHU;. 3Ta
He60JIbIIIa.H IITMl.{Ka (ee ,n;JIMHa ­ ncero 13 CM) HMeeT xa­
parcrepm.ni IIpM3HaK ­ XOXOJIOK aa rOJIOBe, HaIIOMMHa­
IOIIJ;Mft rpenaztepcrcyro IIIaIIKy. Bepxrree OIIepeHMe y
XOXJIaToft CHHMl.{KM rcpacnoaaro-fiypo -cepoe. BO,n;MTC.H
3Ta IITMu;a, KaK H po,n;CTBeHHa.H eu MOCKOBKa, HCKJIIOl.{M­
TeJIbHO B XBOHHbIX .necax. B paU;HOH ee BXO.LJ;.HT .HUu;a H
JIHl.{MHKM HaceKOMbIX, IIpMHOC.HIIJ;HX spezt .necy,
orHEHHblH TKAliHK
Bo.m.uroe ceMeUCTBO TKal.{HKOB IIpHHa,n;JIe:>KHT K IIO,n;­
orpazry IIeBl.{HX. B 3'1'0 ceMeUCTBO BXO,n;.HT BH,n;bI, IIpH­
cIIoc06HBiliHeC.H K caMbIM pa3HbIM yCJIOBM.HM 06HTaHH.H.
B TpOIIHl.{eCKHX IIIHpOTax TKal.{HKH :>KHByT orpOMHbIMH
KOJIOHH.HMH, B zrpyr-ax MeCTax - rHe3,n;.HTC.H IIapaMH.
IITHI.I:bI 3TH IIOJIyl.{HJIH csoe Ha3BaHHe aa y,n;HBHTeJIbHOe
yMeHHe IIJIeCTH (TKaTb) raeana. I'neazta TKal.{HKOB MoryT
HMeTb caxrsre paausre (j;>OPMbI - mapa, 6YTbIJIKH H T. II.,
HO OHH acerzra otipaaen COBepIIIeHCTBa. TKal.{MKH 06MTa­
lOT rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M B TpOIIHKax, XOT.H IIOPOU ncrpena­
IOTC.H H B yMepeHHOM KJIHMaTe.
Oeueutcuii mlCa1{,UIC
X oxnamasi cunuua

30. Y3HAH MViP
BUpZUH ClCUU
lCpaCHbLU tcapduna.n
B~pn1HCK~~ KPACHbl~ KAPA~HAJ1
i:h a IITIPIKa, HeCMOTp.H n a CBOe 3K30TllLIeCKOe Ha3Ba­
aae, TaK:me nparraztnexcar K IIIllpOKO paCIIpOCTpaHeH­
HOMy B Poccnn CeMellCTBY BhIOPKOBhIX. Il paszta,
ofiarae'r OHa B TpOIIHLIeCKllX IIIHpOTax Cenepnoii AMe­
pmcrr II OTJIllLIaeTC.H OT CBOllX 60JIee CKpOMHhIX cofipars ­
en XOXOJIKOM na rOJIOBe H .HpKO-KpaCHhIM orrepeanera.
Kapnaaaa 6JIH30K K IIpHHa,ll;JIe:maI.IJ;HM K TOMy xce ce­
MellcTBY,ll;y6oHocaM.
COPOKA
Copoxa npaaaztneacnr K c e ra e iic r a y BOpOHOBhIX H3 IIO­
ztorpazta IIeBLIllX, XOT.H rOJI OC y aee H e OLIeHh 6JIaro3By­
LIeH - COp OLIh ll fiaaapsr MoryT OrJIyIIIHTh rcoro y r o zm o .
,I:(JIHHa 3TOll IITllU;hI -,ll;O 48 CM. Cnepxy OHa oxpanrena B
LIepHhIll U;BeT, a C 60KOB II CHll3Y - B 6eJIhIll, LITO ztano OC­
nonarrae Ha3hIBaTh 3 TY IITllU;y coporca-tie.notiox a. Coporca
IIIHpOKO pacnpocrpanena B cpezmerr IIOJIOCe, HO c emrr s­
C.H OHa JII06llT B6JIH3ll LIeJIOBeLIeCKoro :mllJIh.H. IIHTaeTc.H
30

31. nECHWE, nOnEBWE, CTEnHWE, rOPHWE
copoxa HaceKOMbIMH, MeJIKHMH rpsrayaaraa H nTHIJ,a­
MH, a TaKme aronasra H 3epHaMH. Bparasrn ee RBJIRIOT­
CR qeJIOBeK H RCTpe6bI-TeTepeBRTHHKH. B HeBOJIe
COpOKH JIerKO npnpyvarorca. 8Ta 3a6aBHaR nTHIJ,a MO­
xcer ,n;ame nozrpaacarr, qeJIOBeqeCKOM pexa. OTJIHqaeTCR
coporca CTpaCTbIO TaCKaTb 6JIeCTRIIJ,He npezmersr.
n1rpOBbl~ COPOKOnYT
Coporconyrr.r npHHMJIemaT K ceMeMcTBy Toro me na­
3BaHHR. OHH 06HTaIOT B 3apOCJIJIX KycTapHHKOB, aa
onynncax, B6JIH3H perc H H36eraIOT ryCTbIX JIeCOB. I'neana,
HMeIOIIJ,He epOPMY xanra, OHH CTpORT npeHMYIIJ,eCTBeH­
HO na xycrax. ITHTaIOTcR copoxorryrsr HaceKOMbIMH,
MeJIKHMH npeCMbIKaIOIIJ,HMHC.H H ztaxce MeJIKHMH nTH­
IJ,aMH H MJIeKOnHTaIOIIJ,HMH. CXBa'I'HB ,n;06bIqy, COPOKO­
nYT He 3arJIaTbIBaeT ee
IJ,eJIHKOM, a pser aa rcycc-r­
KH, -qeMy cnocoecrnver
CJIerKa 3arHYTbIM OCTPbIM
KJIIOB. THrpOBbIM COpOKO ­
nYT 06HTaeT B 6acceMHe
perca Y CCypH H nparreraro­
IIJ,HX TeppHTopHRX. OT­
JIHqaeTCR OH RpKO- pblmeM
cnHHOM C qepHbIM none­
peqHbIM pHCyHKOM.
31

32. Y3HAH M~P
roPHASt TPSlCOrY3KA
Tp.HCory3KII, B 3aBlIClIMOCTlI OT MeCTa 06IITaHII.H,
MoryT 6bITb KaK ITepeJIeTHbIMII, TaK II OCe~JIbIMII ITTIIII;a­
MIl. I'opnaa rpacor-yaxa 06lITaeT ITpeIIMyru;eCTBeHHO
B KpbIMY II na KaBKa3e, na rore EBPOITbI II nezte'r ocezr­
JIbIM 06pa3 m1I3HII. IIeHlIe Tp.HCorY3KII ~OBOJIbHO ITplI­
MIITIIBHO. IIIITaeTC.H STa
aefiorrsnraa ITTII"llKa aa­
MOCK06Ka ceKOMbIMII II JIII"llIIHKa­
MIl. I'opnaa Tp.HCory3Ka
B~BO~IIT ITTeHII;OB ~Ba
paaa B rozt - B Mae II
IIIOJIe.
MOCKOBKA
MOCKOBKa ITpIIH~JIe­
mIlT K ceMeMcTBy CIIHIIII;,
ITOSTOMy nropoe Ha3Ba ­
n ae STOM ITTIIII;bI
Ma.na.H CIIHIIII;a. MOCKOB-
32

33. nECH~E, nOnEB~E, CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
xa - OqeHb He60JIbIlla.H rrTHIJ;a: B ~JIHHY OHa ~OCTHra­
er ncero 11 CM, a BeCHT MeHee 10 r. Csepxy MOCKOBKa
otcpanrena B nerre.naao-eepsrfi IJ;BeT, CHH3Y OHa ceposaro­
fie.naa. Mocxonrca aace.naer xaojmsre .neca na TeppHTO­
pHH 0'1' Kpaiiaero Cenepa ~o IOmHblX rpaHHIJ; .neca,
Il araerca MOCKOBKa HaceKOMbIMH H ce MeHaMH XBOM­
HbIX zrepensen.
nECHO~ KAMEHHbl~ AP03A
JIecHoM KaMeHHbIM ,n;P03~, KaK H see ztpyr-ne ~P03­
zrsr, BXO~HT B noztorpan rre an ax. CBOHM BHeIlIHHM BH­
,n;OM OH HarrOMHHaeT ropaxnocrxv. Tlepennaa qaCTb
TeJIa y :noM rrTHqKH HMeeT rOJIy60BaTyIO paCIJ;BeTKy,
a XBOCT H rrpHMbIKaIOIIIafl K nexry 06JIaCTb OKpaIlIeHbI
B pJKaBO-KpacHbIM IJ;BeT. Karaennoro ztpoazia MOJKHO
BCTpeTHTb no-rra rrOBCIO~y B Espone, B Cesepaon Aq»
pmce, B Cpezmeii A3HH. 8Ta OCTOpOJKHafl rrTHIJ;a rrOqTH
He CH,n;HT aa MeCTe - OHa HJIH JIeTaeT, HJIH 6bICTpO 6e­
r-aer rro 3eMJIe, napezuca OCTaHaBJIHBa.HCb
na ycrynax CKaJI HJIH 60JIbIlIHX KaMHflX
(OTCIO,n;a H Ha3BaHHe). IIeHHe xaraennor-o
zrpoazra pa3Ho06pa3HO H onens KpaCHBO.
B paIJ;HOH STOM rrTHIJ;bI BXO~flT nacerco­
Mble, a ocem.ro - arozrsr H epPYKTbI.
33

34. Y3HA~ M ~ P
CEPbl~ J1Wi~HKOE,Q
B Ce M e llCT B O JU I q H H K Oe ,n;OB BXO,n;.HT IITHU;bl paaxeposr
OT BOp06b.H,n;O rOJIy6.H. Y JIHqHHKOe,n;OB He6oJIblllOll nm­
POKHll KJIIOB H ,n;JIHHHblll CTYIIeHqaTblll XBO CT. JIHqHH­
rcoezrsr 06HTaIOT B OCHOBHOM B TpOIIHqeCKHX nraporax
AcPPHKH, MaJIeHe3HH, ABCTpaJIHH. Cepsni JIHqHHKOe,n;
IIOqTH BCIO .iKH3Hb IIpOBO,n;HT B KpOHaX BblCOKHX ztepe­
nses, or.namaa OKpeCT­
HOCTH CBOe ll 3BOHKOll
TpeJIbIO - He CJIyqallHO
:3Ta netio.m.maa IITHu;a
npaaazurexorr K IIeBqHM
IITHu;aM . Cepsnt JIHqHH­
Koe,n; B CTpeqaeTC.H H Ha
TeppHTopHH POCCHH
B Tlpareopse.
Bupotiotcas: 6e JW UW3Ka
34

35. JlECHbIE, nOJlEBbIE, CTEnHbIE, rOPHblE
EiYPOEiOKASI EiE110rIlA3KA
Bypofiorcaa 6eJIOrJIaSKa (rrozto-rp azr rreB"LII1:X) - Ma­
JIeHbKaH (zto 13 CM) JIeCHa.H rrrn-rxa C ,n;JIMHHbIM CJIerKa
MsorHyTbIM KJIIOBOM. Xapax-repnsrii npnanax ceMeH ­
CTBa 6eJIOrJIaSOK - aoxpyr
IIIeJIKOBMCTble KPbIJIbIIIIKM
r-na«, otipaayrounre fie.noe KOJIel:lKO. Bypofiorcaa 6eJIo ­
rJIaSKa pacrrpocrpaaeaa B HMSOBb.HX Awrypa , B Kopee,
KMTae. 8Ta rrTMl:lKa rrpartepacanaerca sapOCJIeH MBHH­
rca B6JIMSM 6epera, rrMTaeTC.H HaceKOMbIMM M paCTM­
TeJIbHOH nnuteri.
PSiEiOK
B OTp.H,n; p.H6KOB BXO,n;.HT a efio.m.nr ae rrTMIJ;bI pas­
MepOM C rOJIy6.H C KOpOTKMMM IIIe.HMM M C KOpOTKMMI1,
rrOXO.IKMMM aa KypMHbIH KJIIOBaMM. PH6KM xoporrro
M 6bICTpO JIeTaIOT. 06MTalOT OHM 06bIl:lHO B rrycTbIH.HX
M nonvrrvcr sm ax M .lKMByT B OCHOBHOM ocezmo. PH6­
KM - rrpercpacnsre po,n;MTeJIM: B BbICM.lKMBaHMM M BOC­
rrMTaHMI1 rrTeHIJ;OB yxacr-ae rrpMHMMalOT M casnca, M
CaMeIJ;. IIMTalOTcH p.H6KM ceMeHaMM paCTeHMH, no-nca­
MM, HaceKoMbIMM, per-y.aapno cOBepIIIa.H rrOJIeTbI aa
noztorrort. Y P.H6KOB nxycnoe MHCO, M 8TO npa anercaer
OXOTHMKOB.

36. Y3HA" M~P
3E6POBASI AMAAHHA
3e6pOBaR aMa~I1Ha BXO~I1T B CeMeHCTBO TKaqI1KOBbIX
I1 06I1TaeT r JIaBHbIM 06pa30M B Arppuxe. Ha3BaHI1e ee ­
« 3e6pOBaR » - YKa3bIBaeT Ha ee XapaKTepHyro OKpaCKY.
06blKHOBEHHASI ~E~EBHI..I,A
06bIKHOBeHHaR xenenuna - 8TO MaJIeHbKaR rrTI1qKa
(ee nee He npensnnaer 20 r) I13 ceMeHcTBa BbroPKOBbIX.
3I1MyeT OHa B KI1Tae, IIH~HI1, a na JIeTO npn.ne'raer
B CH6I1pb, BOCTOQHYro Espony, rne npenno-neraer CTpOI1Tb
rneazta na orrynncax .neca, B caztax H naprcax. Bo BpeMR
CTpOI1TeJIbCTBa rHe3­
.n;a caMerr HeycTaHHo
rroeT - Be~b QeQeBI1­
na, KaK I1 see sopofis­
nm.re, rrrmta
rrennaa. ITI1TaeTCR 8Ta
rrTI1QKa ceMeHaMH,
Rro.n;aMI1 I1 HaceKOMbI­
MI1.

37. nECH~E, nOnEB~E,CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
APOcJ>A
,II;po¢a - ozraa ll3 caMhlX KpylIHhIX lITIII.I, B POCCIIII.
Ee .n;JIIiHa zrocr'arae-r 1 M, a paaraax KphIJIheB - 2,4 M.
CaMI.I,hI ztpodisr BeCRT lIO 14-16 rcr. Ha cnnne y zrporpsr
paClIOJIOmeHhI pacano-xce.m-sre nepsa C norrepe-msrraa
1.J:epHhIMll lIOJIOCaMII; onepenue CHll3Y - meJITOBaTO­
fie.noe. Xaparcrepnaa ocofiemroc-rs CaMI.I,OB zrporpsr - «60­
pozra», COCTORI.I.J;aR lIPll6JIII3llTeJIhHO II3 30 Y3KIIX lIyIIIII­
CThIX lIephIIIIKOB. ,II;PO¢hI II36eraIOT Jl e COB , npennoxaraa
crerra II lIOJIR. 8TO 01.J:eHh ocropoacnaa m-ana, y nee rrpe­
rcpacnoe 3peHIIe, CJIyx II 060HRHlle. OHa 6hICTpO fieraet',
Me,ll;JIeHHO lIO,ll;HIIMaeTCR B B03,ll;yX, HO JIeTaeT ,ll;OBOJIhHO
6hICTpO. I'aeazto cavrxa yc'rpannaer B RMKe cpezra 6yphR­
aa. CaMKa HIIKOr,ll;a He B3JIeTaeT OT r-aeana, 1.J:To6hI ero
HeJIh3R 6hIJIO o6HapymllTh: CHa1.J:aJIa OHa, xpany-racs, OT­
XO,ll;IIT aa HeCKOJIhKO ,ll;eCRTKOB MeTpOB.
37

38. Y3HA~ MHP
6E11bl~ >KYPABJ1b
JRypaBJUI 06pa3yIO T OTp;eJIhHhI H OTp.Hp;. Be.noro my­
paBJI.H Ha3hIBaIOT erne CTepXOM (a TaKme CTpeXOM H CTe­
peXOM). STOT xcypannr, OCJIeIIHTeJIhHO fie.noro IJ;BeTa,
KOTOphIH OTTeH.HeTC.H l.J:epHhIMH MaXOBhIMH IIeph.HMH.
Ha xpoaaao-rcpacaon r OJI OB e - 6JIep;HO-KpacHhIH KJIIOB.
,IJ;JIHHa crepxa - no 1,2 M, a paaraax KphIJIheB no 2,4 M.
06HTaIOT xcypaan a 06bI'!HO na 60JIOTaX B6JIH3H OT B03­
p;eJIaHHhIX IIOJIeH - 3TO II03BOJI.HeT HM p;06hIBaTh rmnry
H T aM, H TaM. IIHTaIOTc.H xcypaana 3epHaMH XJIe6HbIX
paCTeHHM: , IIOl.J:KaMH, BepxyIIIKaMH JI H CT h e B , KOpH.HMH
H KJIy6H.HMH paCTeHMM:. EP;.HT OHM M HaceKOMbIX,
MeJIKMX 3eMHOBop;HbIX H pbI60K. CaMKa H CaMeIJ; na­
CH m H B a IO T .HM:IJ;a IIOOl.J:epep;HO. JRypaBJIM JIerKO IIpH­
BhIKaIOT K HeBOJIe M K l.J:eJIOBeKy.
B enuii
JlCypa8Jlb
38

39. nECH~E, nOnEB~E, CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
CTPEnET
Crperrer, XOT.H 11 rrpn ­
Ha,n;JIeJR11T K orpazry zrporp,
I1MeeT HeCKOJIhKO Ha3Ba ­
HllM, KOTop~e rOBOp.HT 0
ero cxoztcrne C KYp11HhIM11.
Ero Ha3hIBaIOT 11 CTerrHOM:
KYP11~eM, 11 crennsra rere ­
peBOM, 11 rcryxapera. ,IJ;JI11­
aa aTOM rrT11~hI - zro 50
CM, a pa3Max rcpsim.en ­
no 1 M. 311MOBaTh crpene­
Tbl y JIeTaIOT B CeBepHyIO
AepP11KY 11IOJRHyIO A311IO.
Crpener rHe3,n;11TC.H B KO ­
B~JIhH~X II rrOJI~HH~X
CTerr.HX Poccnn. I'neazto
OH nenaer, nsrpsmaa .HM ­
rcy B 3eMJIe, xyzta canxa OTKJIa,n;hIBaeT no 4 ann, B3POC ­
JIhle c-rpene-rsr OXOq11 zto BceB03MOJRHhlX onoureir,
a rtrenrrsr rr11TaIOTC.H 11CKJIIOqllTeJIhHO HaceKOMhlMll.
>KYPABll b-KPACABKA
Kpacaarca, 11JI11 JRypaBJIh MaJIhlM:, - OQeHh rpa~1103­
Ha.H rrmua, 0611TaIO~a.H B IOJRHhlX QaCT.HX Espom,r,
cpe,n;Hea311aTCK11X CTerr.HX, B I1H,n;1111 11 B Arppnxe. Kpa ­
canrca OTJI11QaeTC.H KOPOTKllM KJIIOBOM, rOJIOBOM C ryc ­
ThlM orreperraera 11 ,n;ByM.H xaparcrepasnaa rrYQKaM11
nepsen na 3aThIJIOQHOM: QaCT11 rOJIOBhI. )J;JI11Ha KpaCaBK11
ztocr-ar-aer 85, a paaxax tcpsmsen - 165 CM. mypaBJIh
rcpacasrca - rrrmia 60JIOTHa.H 11JI11 rrp116peJRHa.H. B ee
paunon BXO,n;.HT MeJIKa.H psrfia, 3eMHOBo,n;Hhle, nacerco­
Mhle. I'aeano JRypaBJIh CTpOllT aa CYXOM KOQKe. CaMKa
OTKJIa,n;hIBaeT 06hIQHO 2 .HM~a.
39

40. Y3HA~ Ml1P
60J1bWO~ nECTPbl~ ASlTE11
BOJIhllIOll necrpsui ,n;JITeJI
H e COBceM TOl.J:HO COOTBeTCT ­
nyer caoexry Ha3BamfIO . ITo
paasrepy OH yc'rynaer xepao­
My ,n;JITJIy. ,1J;mma 60JIhllIOrO
rrec'rporo ,n;JITJIa He rrpeasr­
uraer 25 CM, a BOT no IIeCTpo-
Te orrepenna OH, n o ac any a ,
na nepaora MeCTe cpezm scex
,n;JITJIOB H Bo06I.IJ;e cpeznr
60JIhllIHHCTBa nTHIJ;. ITpupo­
zta, KaJ< npnxornaesra xyztoxc-
HHK, coemraana B ortepemrn
STOll nTHIJ;hI l.J:epH hIll, 6eJI hI II ,
aJIhIll H 3eJIeHO BaT hIll IJ;BeTa.
O H H n pHl.J:y,n;JIHBO n e p e ra exc a-
IOTCJI, C03,n;aBaJI n e n o n r o p a ra o e COl.J:eTa­
HHe. 0 6p a3 JKH3HH 60JIh llIOll ,n;JITeJI
n ezre'r no npeHMYI.IJ;eCTBy TaKOll JKe, l.J:TO
Hero COpO,n;Hl.J:H .
3E11EHbl~ ASlTE11
Y 3eJIeHOrO ,n;JITJIa xapaicrepaaa OKpaCKa : rOJIOBa , aa­
TbIJIOK H yrOJIKH y KJIIOBa y Hero JIpKO-KpaCHhIe , a BCJI
BepXHJIJI xac'rs TeJIa - TpaBJIHHCTO -3eJIeHaJI. Bpocaror­
CJI B rvraaa H 6eJIO BaTbIe IIJITHa no KpaJIM MaXOBhIX ne­
pses. ,1J;JIHHa aroro ,n;JITJIa - OKOJIO 30 CM . Ero «opyzra e
Tpy,n;a » - y,n;JIH HeHHhIllH npOl.J:HhIll KJI IOB, KOTOphIM OH
,n;06hIBaeT ce6e rrp orra r aa a e, ,n;oJI6JI rco py zrepen sen H
BhITaCKHBaJI na-rron Hee JKyKoB-,n;peBOTOl.J:IJ;eB, HX JIHl.J:H­
HOK H ztpy r-ax npe znrren e f .ne c a. B .necy '-IaCTO M OJKH O
yc.nsnrra-n, xap aicrepusrii CTyK - STO ,n;JITeJI yce.nca na
ztepea o H 3aHJIT CBOH M ,n;eJIOM . ,I!;JITe JI - Ol.J:e H h nOJIe3HaJI
nTHIJ;a, OH YHHl.J:T OJKaeT MHorHX HaceK OMhIX, ry6 JII.IJ;HX
,n;e p e Bh JI .
40

41. llECHbIE, nOllEBbIE, CTEnHbIE, rOPHblE
"iEPHbl~ ASlTEJ1
1.IepHbIH ,ll;,flTeJI (erne ary rrTIUW Ha3bIBaIOT JKeJIHa) OK­
pauren B TYCKJIbIll qepHbIH nner , aa KOTOpOM BbI,n;eJIHeT­
ca rcpacnaa OKpaCKa ero rOJIOBbI. ,D;m,ma xepnor-o ,n;,flTJIa
ztocr-araer 50 CM. OH npenrroxaraer JKl1Tb B XBOllHbIX
.necax , nonam.nre OT qeJIOBeqeCKOrO JKl1JIb,fl; JII0611Ma,fl
nmna STOll rrransr - MypaBbl1. 1.IepHbIll ,ll;,flTeJI He JIIO­
zrepeao, na KOTO­
611T MeH,flTb MeCTO JKl1'reJIbCTBa, 11 eCJIl1
pOM OH nocena.nca, nor-atiacr, OH BbI,ll;aJI6JIl1BaeT ce6e
,n;yrrJIo aa COCe,ll;HeM. KpOMe MypaBbeB, qepHbIll ,ll;RTeJI
rraraerca pa3JIl1qHbIMl1 ztpenecnsrraa HaceKOMbIMl1 11 l1X
JIl1ql1HKaMl1. 06blqHO B nanane arrpe.na casnca BbI611paeT
rHl1JIOBaTOe ztepeso 11 na-rnnaer BbI,n;aJI6JIl1BaTb B HeM
zryn.no. «Pa60TaeT» OHa 6e3 yCTaJIl1 rro 14 qaCOB B zrens,
rrOKa rJIy611Ha ,ll;yrrJIa He ,n;OCTl1rHeT rrp116JI11311TeJIbHO
40 CM rrpn ,ll;HaMeTpe OKOJIO 15 CM. Tlrermsr ,ll;,flTJIa neo­
6bIKHOBeHHO ypO,n;JIHBbI, HO co npesrenesr, 06paCTaR neps­
RMH, OHH CTaHOB,flTC,fl rrOXOJKHMH na CBOHX po,n;I1TeJIeH.
3eJLeHblU iisunen. q ep tc u ii iinmen.

42. Y3HA" M~P
T'pexnepcmica
W~POKOPOT
IIh-IpOKopOT npanazrneacar K
CeMeMcTBy CM30BOpOHKOB na OT­
pana parcureii. Y aTOM nTMlJ;bI KO­
POTKHM, paClIIHpeHHbIM II CJIerKa KpIO"tIKOBaTbIM KJIIOB.
KPbIJIbJI Y nrapoxopora ,n;JIllHHble, a XBOCT KOPOTKllM H
POBHbIM, CJIOBHO 06pe3 aHHbIM. Cpeznr paann-mrax BH­
,n;OB lIIHpOKOpOTOB HaH60JIee pacnpocrpaaen BOCTO"tlHbIM
(ero erne Ha3bIBaIOT a3HaTCKllM), KOTOpbIM otiaraer n a
TeppHTopHH POCCHH. ,ll;JIMHa aTOM nTH"tIKH - OKOJIO
32 CM. B OKpaCKe lIIHpOKopOTa npe06JIa,n;aIOT 3eJIeHbIM,
rOJIy60M M 6YPbIM unera. Hor-n H KJIIOB - rcpacnsre.
CaMKa lIIMpOKopOTa rHe3,n;llTCJI B zryn.ne, B xoropoe OT­
KJIa,n;bIBaeT 3-4 JIM"tIKa .
TPEXnEPCTKA
r JIaBHaJI 06JIaCTb pacrrpocrpaaeaaa 'rpexnepc'r'xrr ­
IIH,n;HJI H OCTpOBa, rrpa.ner-aromae K ee rrofiepeacr.ro. Ozt­
HaKO rpexrrepc-ncn BCTpe"tlaIOTCJI M B Arppaxe, Ancrpa­
JIHM, IO.iKHOM Enpon e , Xapax repnaa ocofie anocr-s
TpexrrepCTOK COCTOHT B TOM, "tITO CTpOHT rneano , nsrcn ­
.iKMBaeT M BbIKapMJIHBaeT nOTOMCTBO TOJIbKO careen.
'I'pexnepc-nca, .iKHBYlll,He B Cpezraaesraccsopse, zrepxc ar -
42

43. nECH~ElnonEB~E, CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
C.H B aapocnmx rcycrapnnxow IIYCTbIHHbIX MeCTHOCT.HX,
a IIlITalOTC.H ceMeHaMll paCTeHHH 1I HaceKOMbIMH. I'nea­
zta OHll CTpO.HT cpezm tcycrapamca B 3eMJIe, B KJIa,n;Ke ­
zro6 .HHII,. 'I'pexrrepc-ncn IITllII,hI He60JIbIllHe, nx nee He
npensnrraer 50 r'.
CUHe6p06blU MOMom
CHHE6POBbl~ MOMOT
CeMeHCTBO MOMOTOBhIX OTHOClITC.H K OTp.H­
,n;y parcur. Paaerep IITHII, aroro ceMeHcTBa KO­
JIe6JIeTC.H OT 17 zto 45 CM. Y MOMOTOB .HpKOe
oriepemre, B KOTOpOM IIpe06JIa,n;aIOT 3eJIeHhIe,
OJIHBKOBhIe 1I KpaCHOBaThIe TOHa. rHe3p;.HTCB
MOMOThI B TOHHeJI.HX, rcoropsre BhIphIBaIOT B 06­
psrsax. ,I:(JIlIHa TaKlIX TOHHeJIeH MOiKeT P;OXo­
,n;HTh ,n;o 2 M. IIHTaIOTcB MOMOThI B OCHOBHOM
KpyIIHhIMH HaceKOMhIMH, .HI.I.J;eplIII,aMlI. HHO­
rzta e,n;.HT q)PYKThI. ClIHe6poBhIH MOMOT llMeeT
cpeznrne paaraepsr, ,n;OCTlIra.H B ,n;JIHHy IIpH6JIH­
3liTeJIbHO 30 CM.

44. Y3HA~ MHP
~EPHbIH CTPH>K
l.JepHhIll CTpIDK BMeCTe C ,n;pyrllMll rrranaxra aa ce­
MellCTBa CTpllJKell OTHOCJlTCJI K orparry ,n;JIllHHOKphI­
JIhIX. Pacxpanrena :3Ta rrrmta B 6YPOBaTO-qepHhIll :O;BeT
C 3eJIeHOBaThIM OTJIMBOM. ,n;JIMHa KphIJIa srepnor-o CTpII­
JKa - OKOJIO 18 CM. OH BCTpeqaeTCJI lIOBCIO,n;y B EBpOlIe,
aa IICKJIIOqeHMeM TyH,n;phI. Ha 3MMY :3Ta lITII:o;a y.ne'raer
B AepPIIKY. B HaCTOJlIII;ee BpeMJI CTpMJKa B paaaoji Mepe
MOJKHO Ha3BaTh KaK roponcxoii, TaK II JIeCHOll lITII:o;ell.
IIpMJIeT c'rpIIJKell 06blqHO CBJl3aH C HacTylIJIeHIIeM TelI­
JIOll norozn,r. HM:O; B KJIa,n;Ke y caMKll - no 3 nrryrc.
I ITeH:O;hI BbIJIeTaIOT na rneazra He panee qeM qepe3 Me­
CJlU, a nnorna Haxo,n;JlTCJI na lIOlIeqeHIIII pozm­
re.nen M no 60 ,n;Hell.Hepnsre CTpMJKII YJIeTaIOT
B TelIJIhle rcpaa C rrpaxonosr nepnsrx XOJIO,n;OB,
anorna :3TO CJIyqaeTCJI yxce B KOH:o;e asr-ycra.
P030BblH CKBOPEU
Xapaicrepmafr npnanarc po­
aonoro crcnopua (cerae ac'r ao
CKBOP:O;OBbIX) - HllCXO,n;JlIII;lIll
K 3aThIJIKY XOXOJIOK na rOJIOBe.
B OKpaCKe orrepea aa npeofina­
q eptcuii cmpu»c
P030BblU ctceopeu

45. nECH~E, nOnEB~E, CTEnH~E, rOPH~E
naer qepHbIH :O;BeT, a na rpyzta M mMBOTe K 3TOMy :O;BeTy
nparaenranaerca 3eJIeHOBaTbIH OTJIMB. ,D;JIMHa poaonoro
crcsopna - zto 21 CM. 8Ta cyeTJIMBa.H rrrnua aa zrens 06­
JIeTaeT 60JIbrnMe rrpOCTpaHCTBa, ofimapanaa Kam~bIH
KJIOqOK 3eMJIM B noncrcax nmnn, KOTOpyIO COCTaBJI.HIOT
r JIaBHbIM 06pa30M nacexosrsre M M.HrKMe rrJIO~bI. P030­
BbIH crcsopen noenaer capan-ry, M nepeznco 3TH rrTM:O;bI
CJIe~YIOT aa CTa.HMM caparr-nr. IIeHMe poaonoro crcsopna
(a 3Ta rrTMqKa rrprrnaztneacn'r K ceMeHcTBy nea-rax) ~O­
BOJIbHO rpecxysee H He6JIar03ByqHoe.
KYKYWKA
Y ncex rrTH:O; H3 ceMeHCTBa rcyxyrnex HarM ycrpoeusr
BeCbMa JII060rrbITHO. OHH 0'1'JIHqHO rrpacnocofinerrsr ~JI.H
JIa3aHH.H rro ~epeBb.HM. ,D;Ba cpezmnx nansua BbICTaBJIe ­
HbI y xyxynncn (KaK H y norryraa) nnepezr, a zraa napyxc­
HbIX - aaaazr. MaJIo Taro, y MHorMX BM~OB rcyrcynrerc
qeTBepTbI:i1 rraneu spamaerca, M IITM:o;a MomeT nsmopa­
qMBaTb era KaK arrepezr, TaK H nasazr. 06bIKHOBeHHa.H
KyKylIIKa MMeeT ~JIMHY B cp ezra era 37 CM, M3 KOTOpbIX
qyTb MeHbrne rrOJIOBHHbI IIPHXO~MTC.H na XBOCT. Xaparc­
repnaa oc06eHHOCTb KyKyIIIKHHoro IIOBe~eHH.H: casnca
rronfipacsraaer .H:i1:o;a B qymHe rneazta. Hrrrepecao M TO,
qTO OKpaCKa .HH:O; KyKylliKH 3aBHCMT 0'1' Toro, B qbe rues­
zro nozncnazrsraaer MX cararca.

46. rOPOACK~E nT~u.bl
B 3TOM paanene Mbl n03HaKO­
M~MCSI C nT~LJ,aM~, xoropere npa­
cnOC06~11~Cb ~~Tb PSlAOM C ~e­
110BeKOM. 3AeCb Mbl BCTpeT~M ~
r011y6S1, ~ aopotisa, ~ BOpOHy. 06­
pas ~~3H~ 3T~X nT~LJ, KopeHHblM
o6pa30M ~3MeH~11CSI 3a nOC11eA­
H~e rpa-xererpe TbICSI~~ 11eT. 3T~
nT~LJ,bl ~~BYT npa ~e110BeKe - TaK
~M ropaaao nerse Ao6blBaTb ce6e
nponarauae. Aa ~ Ten11ee B X0110A­
Hble 3~Mbl ...

47. rOPOACKlttE nn1L.bl
nOllEBO~ BOP06E~
Bopo6eM IIOJIeBOM OTHOCIITC.R K ce­
MeMcTBy TKaLIIIKOBhIX. ,I!;pyroe ero HaII­
MeHOBaHIIe - nopofieii KpaCHOrOJIOBhIM.
TaK ero Ha3BaJIII IIO 3aThIJIKY KpaCHO­
6yporo IJ;BeTa. B OTJIIILIIIe OT ropO,ZJ;CKO­
ro Bopo6h.R, IIOJIeBOM IIpe,ZJ;IIOLIIITaeT
JRIITh B OTKphITOM IIOJIe IIJIII B JIIICTBeH­
HhIX .necax. O,ZJ;HaKo 3IIMOM 3TII BOpO­
6hII Hepe,ZJ;KO c6IIBaIOTC.R B CTaH II
IIO.RBJI.RIDTC.R B6JIII3II LIeJIOBeLIeCKoro
JRIIJIh.R. 3HMOM B IIX paIJ;IIOH BXO,ZJ;.RT
cexrena II 3epHa, JIeTOM - uacercorasre.
I1Hor,ZJ;a CTaH IIOJIeBhIX nopotises HaJIe­
TaIDT aa XJIe6Hhle IIOJI5I, IIpIILIHH5I5I HM
HeMaJIhIM Bpe,ZJ;.
rAJ1KA
I'amca (ceraeiicrno BOpOHOBhIX, IIO,ZJ;OTPM IIeBLIIIx) 5IBJI.R­
eTC5I CaMOM MeJIKOM II3 openaeeaporreiicxnx BOpOH. Ee ,ZJ;JIH­
aa COCTaBJI5IeT B cpennex 33 CM. OIIepeHIIe na JI6y H rOJIOBe
y raJIKII TeMHoe, na CIIHHe - ceposaroe. I'amca Hepe,ZJ;KO CO­
ce,ZJ;CTByeT C LIeJIOBeKOM II ycrpaaaaer ce6e rHe3,ZJ;a IIO,ZJ; xpsr­
IlIaMH ,ZJ;OMOB, B aafiporuenxsrx
,ZJ;hIMOBhIX rpyfiax - BCIO,ZJ;y,
r,ZJ;e eM IIoHpaBHTC.R. faJIKa
OLIeHh 06~IITeJIhHa5I IITHIJ;a,
OT JIHLIaeTC5I JRII3Hepa,ZJ;ocT­
HhIM HpaBOM. Ona Hepe,ZJ;KO
orJIaIlIaeT OKpeCTHOCTII CBOII­
MIl 3BycrHhIMH KpHKa.lYlH. I'an­
rca, KaK H BOpOH, 06ycraeTC5I
IIo,ZJ;paJRaTh ro.nocy zrpyr-nx
IITHIJ; II LIeJIOBeKa. faJIKII .ner­
KO IIPIIB~Ka.IDT K HeBOJIe II
IIpIIB5I3hIBaIDTC5I K CBOHM XO­
35IeBaM.
47

48. Y3HA~ MViP
AEPEBEHCKASI llACTOlJKA
I Ipe,n;CTaBMTeJIM cewreiicrna JIaCTO'IeK (IIO,n;OTpa,n; IIeB'IMe)
OTJIM'IaIOTCa M3a:r.u;HhIMM c)JOpMaMM. Xapaxreprrsrra IIpM­
3HaKOM JIaCTO'IeK aBJIaeTCa pa3,n;BOeHHhIX XBOCT. Heztapovr
M H Or Me TeXHWIeCKMe IIpMCIIOCo6JIeHMa Ha3hIBaIOT IIO ero
rpoprae «JIaCTO'IKMH XBOCT ». IIMTaIOTca JIaCTO'IKM MCKJIIO­
'IMTeJIhHO JIeTaIO:r.u;MMM HaceKOMhIMM. He aBJIaeTCa MCKJIIO­
'IeHMeM M zrepeaeacxaa JIaCTO'IKa, npanaztneacantaa K pozry
KacaTOK. KCTaTM, TaK naorzta 3TY JIaCTO'IKy M Ha3hIBaIOT ­
xacarrca, Ee ,n;JIMHa ,n;OCTMraeT 18 CM, a IIpeo6JIa,ZJ;aIO:r.u;Mll
I..J,BeT ee CIIMHKM - cnaesaro-uepnsra C MeTaJIJIM'IeCKMM
6JIeCKoM. JIacTO'IKa JIeIIMT rneazta M3 3eMJIM M rJIMHhI, CMa­
'IMBaa ee CJIIOHOll. I'neana 06hI'IHO IIpMJIeIIJIaIOTCa K KapHM­
3aM, K HMmHell 'IaCTM KpOBJIM KphIIII. JIoBa HaceKOMhIX,
JIaCTO'IKM IIoe,n;aIOT MX BO BpeMaIIOJIeTa.OceHhIOJIaCTO.IKI1
C06MpaIOTca B CTaM 11 YJIeTaIOT B TeIIJIhle rcpaa.
roPOACKASI llACTOlJKA
I'opoztcxaa JIaCTO'IKa HeCKOJIhKO OT JIM'IaeTCa OT cnoeji
,n;epeBeHcKoll COIIJIeMeHHMI..J,~. Y ropo,n;cKOll JIaCTO'IKM
60JIee KOPOTKMll XBOCT, M BhleMKa B HeM He raxaa rvry­
60Kaa, KaK y ztepeaeacxoji. ,IJ;JIMHa ropoztcxoii JIaCTO'IKM
acero 14 CM. Ha 3I1MY roponcrcne JIaCTO'IKI1 yJIeTaIOT
B TeIIJIhle xpaa, a JIeTOM yCTpaMBaIOT CBOM
r-aeazia na napyacm.rx croponax 3,n;aHMll.
Hx npar'axrn aBJIaIOTCa nopotir.a, KOTO­
psre nepeznco 3aXBaThIBaIOT JIaCTO'IKMHhI
r-aeazia, nsrfipactanaa or-ryna BhIJIyIIMB­
IIIMxca IITeHI..J,OB.
J( ep ee en ctcasi
nacmouica
Topodctcasi n acm outca

49. rOPOACKlilE nTlIIl~bl
BOP06E~ AOMOBO~
XOTfl ,n:OMaWHIIe aopofisn II He nOIOT B .iKIITellCKOM
CMbICJIe CJIOBa, a TOJIbKO qIIpIIKaIOT, OHII rrpnnaztnexcar K
rrozrorpazry neBqIIX (ceMellCTBO TKaqIIKOBbIX). 8TII nTIIq­
KII He crrynaiiao Ha3bIBaIOTCH ,n:OMaWHIIMII, nOCKOJIbKY
06IITaIOT OHII TOJIbKO TaM, rne .iKIIBeT qeJIOBeK. Bopofisn
.iKIIByT oceztno II 06blqHO He BbIJIeTaIOT aa roro
rpaHIIU;bI
ropozta IIJIII TOll nepesun, r'zte nOHBIIJIIICb aa CBeT. HHTe­
peCHO, ozmatco, qTO 3TII JII06IITeJIII ocezt.noii .iKII3HII He
.iKIIByT B nOKIIHyTbIX zrepennax, a nepeCeJIHIOTCH B 6JIII­
.iKallWIIll HaCeJIeHHbIll nyHKT. Tpyztno npencrauar-s
.iKII3Hb ropozra 6e3 3TOll eyer JIIIBOll II WyMJIIIBOll nTIIqKII.
rollY6b CH3bl~ CKA11HCTbl~
IIpIIBblqHbIll scera HaM roponcxoii rOJIy6b - 6JIII3KaH
pO,n:HH zmxoro CKaJIIICTOrO rOJIy6H. H TOT, II ,n:pyroll rrpn­
aaztnexca-r K O,n:HOMy orpazty. rOJIy6b ,n:aBHO yxce .iKIIBeT
pH,n:OM C qeJIOBeKOM. Tpyzmo ce6e rrpencrasarr, ropoztcicyro
YJIIIU;y IIJIII nJIOIIJ;a,n:b 6e3 aroro CII30KpbIJIOrO HaxJIe6HIIKa
qeJIOBeKa. rOJIy6II HaCTOJIbKO CBbIKJIIICb C U;IIBIIJIII3aU;IIeM,
qTO nepeznco eztar C pyre. IIOJIHOCTbIO
Bopotieii aOJIW60U ~ 3aBIICflT OT qeJIOBeKa rOJIy6II paa-
JIIIqHbIX nopozt, KOTOpbIX qeJIOBeK
BbIBeJI II npIIpyqIIJI pazra IIX rcpaco­
TbI. Y IICTIIHHbIX rOJIy6HTHIIKOB
TOJly6b
49

50. Y3HA~ M~P
cepzme 3aXO,n;IITCJI OT BOCTOpra, xorna OHII BII,n;JIT rOJIy6eH
B rrozrere - 6eJIOCHejRHbIe rrTII:O;bI, C6IIBIIIIICb B rrOXOjRYlO
aa BIIHOrpa,ll;HYlO rpoazn, cTaHKy, rrOBIICalOT B noazryxe,
qT06bI xepea MrHOBeHIIe MeTHyTbCJI BBbICb IIJIII YCTpe­
MIITbCJI K rOJIy6JITHe .
CEPASI BOPOHA
Cepaa BOpOHa (CeMeHCTBO BOpOHOBbIX), XOTJI II II3,n;a­
er He6JIaro3ByqHOe xapxaase, TOjRe rrpIIHa,ll;JIejRIIT K ce­
MeHcTBy rreBQIIX rrTII:O;. Ee p;JIIIHa OKOJIO rro.nysie'rpa.
BOPOHbIpacrrpocrpaaerrsr na orpOMHOH TeppRTopIIR OT
Bananaoa Esponsr ,n;o ,IJ;aJIbHerO BOCTOKa. JKIIByT OHR II
B A3RR, AQ:lpRKe. BOPOHbI, 06RTalOII.J;Re B XOJIO,n;HbIX
KpaJIX, 3RMOH rrepeCeJIJIlOTCJI na tor'. ECJIR JIeTOM BOpO­
HbI ziepacarca cpezrn rrOJIeH R JIeCOB II rrpRHOCJIT QeJIOBe­
rcy rrOJIb3Y, RCTpe6JIJIJI npennsrx rpbI3yHOB, TO 3IIMOH B
rrOIICKax rrRIIJ;R OHR nepeznco rrepeCeJIJIlOTCJI B ropona.
Bopona ,n;OBOJIbHO OCTOpOjRHaJI R coo6pa3IITeJIbHaJI rrTII­
na. OHa TOQHO OT JIRQaeT OXOTHRKa OT 06bIQHOrO QeJIOBe­
xa R, cnacaa CBOJO jRII3Hb, rrpJIQeTCJI rroztam.me. BOPOH
rrpRBJIeKalOT BceB03MOjRHbIe 6JIeCTJIIIJ;IIe BeII.J;R. OHR MO­
rYT nanazra-n, na KOTJIT, ,n;OMaIIIHlOlO rrTRIJ;y, na rOJIy­
6eH. Maorne rrpe,n;CTaBRTeJIII nopom.ero rrJIeMeHR ,n;aBHO
rrOHJIJIR, QTO jRRTb pJI,n;OM C QeJIOBeKOM HaMHoro 6e30­
nacnee R CbITHee, QeM cpezra ,n;RKOH rrpapozrsr.

51. }K~3Hb 3apOA~naCb B BOAe.
npeAK~ acex COBpeMeHHblX cy­
l1.eCTB KOrAa-TO aena BOAHblVi 06 ­
paa >K~3H~ . B npou,ecce asomouaa
MHor~e >K~Bble opraH~3Mbl nOK~­
Hyn~ nopoA~BW~VI ~x OKeaH ~ CTa ­
n~ >K~Tb aa cywe. Apyr~e, BblVlASJ
~3 oxeana ~ C<t>OpM~poBaBw~cb aa
cywe, 3aTeM CHOBa npucnocofia­
n~Cb >K~Tb B BOAHOVI cpeAe ~n~
B6n~3~ Hee. OAHaKo MHor~e rrra ­
U,bl, BeAYl1.~e otipaa >K~3H~, TeCHO
CBSJ3aHHblVi C BOAOVl, BHeWHe no-rra
HW"leM He OTn~"faIOTCSJ OT CBO~X
«cyxorryrastx» COpOAW·leVi. TeM He
MeHee, OH~ "fyBCTByIOT ce6SJ B POA­
HOVI CT~X~~ ~ B BOAe, ~ B B03Ayxe ,
~ aa 3eMne. BK.nIO"f~n~ Mbl B 3TOT
paanen ~ npencrasarenea MHoro­
"f~CneHHoro OTpSJAa Kyn~KOB~X.
BeAb, cornacao nocnoaaue, e<BCSJK
Kyn~K caoe 60nOTO XBan~T)).

52. Y3HAVI MVlP
YTKA KPSI KBA
YTKa KpJIKBa, MJUI yrrca KpJIKOBaJI, rrpMHa,n;JIe.IKMT
K CeMeHcTBy YTMHbIX (OTPJI.n; r-yceofipaausrx). )J;JIJI HaC
ocofiemro MHTepeCHa TeM, tITO JIBJIJIeTCJI npezncora
.IKe OH a
.n;OMaUIHeH yTKM. B 6patIHbIH nepnozt ocofienno KpaCMBbI
caxmsr KpJIKB - CeJIe3HM. fOJIOBa M BepXHJIJI tIaCTb men
y HMX ae.nerrsre, nepemravar sre, na nree - tITO-TO apozre
OIlleHIIHKa 6eJIoro naera. OceHbIO .IKe onepenne cannoa
rrpH6JIH.lKaeTCJI K onepemno caMOK: rOJIOBa H mea CTaHO­
BJITCJI y HHX .lKeJITO-Cepble C TeMHbIMH TOtIKaMH. KpJIK ­
Ba - rrTHll;a rrepeJIeTHaJI, HO B rrOCJIe.n;Hee BpeMJI Bce
60JIbIllee MX tIHCJIO 3MMyeT na cesepe.
J1E6E.o,b (TYHAPOBbIH)
Jlefiezn., KaK H yrrca, rrpHHa.n;JIe.IKHT ceMeHcTBy yTH­
HbIX H3 OTpJI.n;a ryceo6pa3HbIX. 113JIII.J;HaJI .n;JIHHHaJI mea,
y.n;JIMHeHHOe TeJIO zre.nae-r JIe6e.n;JI KpaCHBeHIlleH H3
rrTHll; .• scero BCTpetIaIOTCJI B yMepeHHbIX M
TIe6e.n;H tIaII.J;e
XOJIO.n;HbIX 06JIaCTJIX Ceaepnoro no.nynrapaa, HO aa 3M ­
My ace OHM rrepe.neraro-r B rennsre KpaJI. JIe6e.n;b - rrrn­
ll;a.n;patIJIMBaJI,HerrpHBeTJIMBaJI,HocyrrpY.IKeCKMerrap~
XpaHJIT zrpyr zrpyr-y BepHOCTb BCIO .lKM3Hb. IIpo JIe6e.n;MHyIO
BepHOCTb XO.n;JIT rrereazn.r. JIe6e.n;b - rrrnua rcpyrmaa: paa-
Max KpbIJIbeB casmoa .n;OCTMraeT 2,5 M.
CeJIJITCJI JIe6e.n;M na 60JIOTaX, osepax,
a rHe3.n;a yCTpaMBaIOT Ha MaJIeHbKMX
OCTpOBKax, K KOTOpbIM Tpy.n;HO nono ­
6paTbCJI XMII.J;HMKaM.
JIe6eob
mynopoBblU
Ymlw I-Cp.flI-CBa
(ce Jle3enb)
52

53. BOAHblE nnll..bl
KPACH0306AS1 KA3APKA
Ka3apKH TOme OTHOCHTCH K CeMeM:CTBy YTHHhIX.
B OTJIW!He OT r'yceii y K a3apOK H KJIIOB, H nor-a OKpaIIIeHhI
B TeMHhIM: IJ;BeT. ,II;JIHHa 3TOM: BO)];OIIJIaBaIOr:u;eM: II'!'HIJ;hI )];0­
CTHraeT 55 CM, a paaxrax KphIJIheB - 135 CM. 06HTaeT
KpaCH0306aH xaaapxa B rva ztpe rJIaBHhIM 06pa30M OT
HMaJIa)];O TallMhlpa, a 3HMyeT na rore KaCIIHM:CKOrO MOpH.
nOMOPH~K
IIoMopHHKaMH Ha3hIBaIOT O)];HH H3 BH)];OB xaex. Ha­
HMeHOBaHHe 3TOM: IITHIJ;hI rOBopHT 0 MeCTe ee 06HTaHHH ­
paM:OHaX MOpCKHX II06epemHM:. CaMhIM: IIpHMe1IaTeJIhHhIM:
H3 rrOMopHHKOB - 60JIhIIIOM: IIOMOpHHK. ,IJ;JIHHa ero )];0­
CTHraeT 57 CM , a paaraax KPbIJIbeB - 1 M. Y IIOMopHHKa
CHJIbHbIM: KPI01IK006pa3HbIM: KJIIOB, IIOKPhITbIM: Y OCHOBaHHH
BOCKOBHIJ;eM:. PO)];HHa 60JIbIIIOrO rrOMopHHKa - cenepasre
IIIHPOTbI. Ha TeppHTopHH POCCHH OH BCTpe1IaeTCH na
KOJIbCKOM IIOJIyocTpOBe. KaK H ac e qaM:KH, rrOMopHHK ­
IITHIJ;a rrpOmOpJIHBaH. IIpe)];II01IHTaeT IIOMOpHHK psrfiy,
a xorzra He MomeT ee IIOM:MaTb,
IIo)];6HpaeT Bce C~e)];06Hoe: IIa­
)];aJIb, OT6pOCbI. IIoMopHHKH ­
IIpeBOCXO)];Hble IIJIOBIJ;bI. OHH K TO­
My me npercpacno JIeTaIOT H MoryT
IIO)];OJIry napn'n, na O)];HOM MeCTe,
BbICMaTpHBaH B BO)];e )];06bI1IY.
I IOMopHUK.
K pac H0306a.R
tcasaptca
53

54. Y3HAVI MHP
P030BASI ~A~KA
l.laM:KI1 OTJII1t.IaIOTCR 0'1' nosrop­
H11:KOB OTCyTcTB11:eM BOCKOB11:lJ;hI
aa KJIIOBe 11: 60JIee CJIa6hIM11: KOr­
TRM11:. P030BaR t.IaM:Ka 0611:TaeT B
rrOJIRpHhIX paM:OHaX. Ee xapax­
TepHaR rrp11:MeTa - KJI11:HOB11:.n.­
HhIM: XBOCT. ,D;JI11:Ha P030BhIX xaex
~OCT11:raeT 37 CM. B rrpe~eJIax
POCCI111: 3'1'11: t.IaM:KI1 rHe3~RTCR
B YCThRX MH~11:rI1pKI1 I1 KOJIhI­
MhI.B KJIa~Ke y P030BOM: t.IaM:K11: zto 3 RI1lJ;. OH11: 3eJIeHO­
naroro naera C KOp11:t.IHeBaThIMI1 rrR'I'HaM11:. KaK I1 nee
t.IaM:KI1, p030BaR npenrro-raraer rr11:TaThCR PhI60M:.
V1nATKA
Hnanca BXO~M:T B OTPR~ t.IM:CTM:KOBhIX, 06'he~M:HRIOIIJ;M:M:
He60JIhlIIyIO, HO pa3Ho06pa3HyIO rpyrmy rrTI1lJ; pa3HhIX
paasrepou, aec KOTOphIX KOJIe6JIeTCR 0'1' 100 r ~o 1 xr. 8'1'0
nozrasre rr.naaa-n, M:
MOpCKI1e rrTI1lJ;hI, OHI1 YMeIOT XOpOIIIO
nsrpart.. Hurepecna ocofieanocrt,
t.IM:CTM:KOB: B rro.nere OHM: pyJIRT He
XBOCTOM, KaK zrpyr-ae rrrnma, a BhI­
TRHYThIMI1 naaan nanaxra. 1103'1'0­
My t.IM:CTM:K11: HerrOBOpOTJIM:BhI B
aoazryxe; OHI1 t.IaCTO CTaHOBRTCR
mepTBaMI1 XI1IIJ;HhIX rrrau. 110 3eM­
JIe t.II1CTI1KM: XO~RT HeyKJIIOme, arre­
peBaJIKy M: He MoryT B3JIeTaTh C
pOBHOM: rrOBepXHOCTM: - ~JIR aroro
M:M nyxcen 06phIB. C BO~hI t.IM:CTM:KM:
B3JIeTaIOT rrOCJIe ~JIM:TeJIhHOrO paa­
6era, BO BpeMR xoroporo XJIOrraIOT
rro sozre KPhIJIhRMM:.

55. BOAHblE nn1l.-'bl
KYJlU1( -c epn01(Jl106
KYm1K-CEPnOKnIOB
KyJIHK-CeprrOKJIIOB - 06HTa­
TeJIb rop. KaK H 60JIbIIIHHCTBO
CBOHX COpO,lI,HqeH-KyJIlIKOB, OH
06HTaeT pH,lI,OM C BO,n;OH, HO OCO­
6eHHOCTb ero COCTOHT B TOM, qTO
OH npenno-raraer ropasre percn , Ew;e ozma xaparcrepnaa
ocofiennoc-n, 3TOii rrTHIJ;bI - ,lI,JIHHHbIH KJIIOB, HarrOMH ­
HaIOW;Hii rro cnoen rpoprae ceprr. KYJIHK-CeprrOKJIIOB
cnepxy orcparnen B cepsre TOHa, CHH3Y - B CBeTJIble.
iEPH0305~K
l.{epHo306HK npaaaztnexear K ceMeiicTBy pacanox OTpH­
zta KyJIHKOBbIX, a CJIe,n;OBaTeJIbHO o6HTaeT pH,lI,OM C BO,n;OH.
,IJ;pyroe Ha3BaHHe qepH0306HKa - 3yeK-raJICTyIIIHHK ­
rrozr-repxnnae'r xaparcrepayro orcpacrcy ero IIIeH. ,IJ;JIHHa
3TOH rrTlIIJ;bI - ,lI,O 19 CM. CeJIHTCH qepH0306HK na rrJIOC ­
KHX rrecnaasrx 6eperax H pe-nnax OTMeJIHX, a TaKme na
MOpCKHX nofiepexcr.ax. l.{epHo306HK - HarrOJIOBHHy
HOqHaH rrraua, OH ocofienno noztanacen H aKTHBeH B cy­
MepKH H zryan sre HOqH. JKHByT qepH0306HKH naparaa.
ITHTaIOTcH OHH HaceKOMbIMH, JIHqHHKaMH, KOTOpbIX
JIOBHT, nepenopa-ranaa rcarayuncn na necxe. Hepnoso­
6HK MHoro nser H OXOTHO xynaerca.
55

56. Y3HAW M~P
60nbWASI 6EllAS! UAnnS!
BOJIbrnaJI 6eJIaJI uan.na, OTHOCJIII.J;aJI CJI K OTpJI,n;y r-o­
JIeHaCTbIX, HMeeT OCJIerrHTeJIbHO 6 eJIo e onepe ane.
06HTaeT STa nan.na 06bILIHO B HH30BbJI X perc. B POCCHH
ee MomHO BCTpeTHTb B IIpHKacrrHH, IIpHa30Bbe, IIpH­
LIepHOMopbe . ~JIHHa 6eJIOH u;arrJIH .n;OCTHraeT 60JIee
1 M, a paserax KpbIJIbeB - rrOLITH ,n;B YX MeTpOB. BeJIaJI
rrarrna - m-ntra OCTOpOmHaJI, OHa ,n;epmHTCJI B.n;aJIH OT
LIeJIOBeLIeCKoro mHJIbJI. C He3arraMJITHbIX spexren BeJIH­
rco.nemrsre nepsa STOH rrTHU;bI rrpHBJIeKaIOT LIeJIOBeKa,
HCrrOJIb3YIOII.J;ero HX aa aceaoavroxca sre y x p aurea aa.
8TO LIyTb 6bIJIO He rrpHBeJIO K rrOJIHoMy HCTpe6JIeHHIO
6eJIOH uan.mr. IIHTaeTcJI OHa psrfioii , JIJIryrnKaMH. ,D;o­
6bILIy BbICJIemHBaeT, 6e33ByLIHO maraa rro MeJIKOBo,n;bIO
H rrpHCTaJIbHO BrJI5I,n;bIBa5lCb B nozry, I'aeszra rrarorn
06bILIHO YCTPaHBaIOT B KaMblrnax, r-zre caxrrca BbICHmH­
nae-r ,n;o 6 51HU;.
IiEPH0306AS1 rArAPA
IITHU;bI H3 orpazra rarap 06JIa,n;aIOT cmaTbIM C 60KOB
KJIIOBOM. Y HHX KopOTKHe nor-a, rcoropsre He acerzta XO­
porno 3aMeTHbI rroz; rYCTbIM onepeaneer. ~JIHHa LIepHO­
3060H r-arapst ,n;OCTHraeT 70 CM npa ztnnrre KpbIJIa OKOJIO
30 CM. 306 H nrea y STOH nrmrsr cnepezm HMeIOT xapax­
TepHyIO LIepHyIO orcpacxy C qmOJIeTOBbIM 6JIeCKOM.
rHe3,n;HTC5I STa rarapa rro fieper-ara npecnsrx oaep aa rep­
pHTOpHH OT JIe,n;OBHToro orceana zro cpezmeii rrOJIOCbI.

57. BOAHblE nn1l.l,bl
KBAKBA
KBaKBa, llJIll HOqHaH I.J;arrJIH, TO.iKe rrpnnaztneacn'r
K o rpazry nee xapaxrepusr rrJIOTHOe
rOJIeHaCTblX. )J;JIH
TeJIOCJIO.iKeHMe, ruapoxni; KJIIOB, CllJIbHble aorn. )J;JIllHa
KBaKBbI - zto 50 CM, paaxax ee KpbIJIbeB - zto 108 CM.
KBaKBa pacnpocrpaaena na orporaaoii TeppllTopMll OT
Barrazraon Eapousr zto HrrOHllll, OT cpezmeii rrOJIOCbI POC­
can zro Arppmc«. B rro.ne-re KBaKBa qaCTO II fiecuryxmo
MaIlleT KPbIJIbHMll, a xorrar MeJIKMMM nrarnrcasrn. Ilura­
eTCH HOqHaH I.J;arrJIH TeM xce,
'ITO M .n;HeBHaH. KPMK KBaKBbI
HarrOMMHaeT rcpmc sopona, aa
'ITO 3TY rrrnrry Ha3bIBaIOT eure
II HOqHbIM BOpOHOM.
K8aK8a
BOJlbUWJl
6eJLaJl uan.nn
57

58. Y3HAH Ml1P
6011bWASI nOrAHKA
HeCMOTpJI na He oxem, JIeCTHOe naaaaane, noraarca ­
xpacasaa IITllIJ;a. BOJIee finaropozmo 3ByqllT ee ztpyroe
HaliMeHOBaHlie - t.IOMra. ,IJ;JIIiHa t.IOMrll - ,n;o 66 CM.
B 6pat.IHhIll nepnozr na rOJIOBe y aee IIORBJIRIOTCR rry-nca
nepsen, HaIIOMllHaIOI.IJ;lle POJKKII. 1.{oMrll - aoznrsre IITll­
IJ;hI 11 CBOIi r-aeazta OHII 06YCTpallBaIOT B6JI1l311 BO,n;hI, B rca­
MhlIIIax. B KJIa,IJ;Ke y t.IOMrll - 5 RllIJ;. IlTeHIJ;oB t.IOMra
BhIKapMJIIiBaeT nacexorasnaa, a rcorzta IITeHIJ;hI rrozrpac­
TyT , pozmrena fipocaro'r npmrecemryro IIllI.IJ;y B sony, t.ITO­
6hI MaJIhIIIIll o6yqaJIliCh ,n;o6hIBaTh ce6e nporraranae. KaK
II BCRKaR sozmaa IIT11IJ;a, t.IOMra IIllTaeTCR MeJIKllMIi 0611­
TaTeJIRMIi aonoeraon, BKJIIOt.IaR psrriy II 3eMHOBo,n;HhIX.
6E110cm1HHbl~ A11b6ATPOC
B eJIOCIIllHHhIll azrsfia'rpoc IIp11Ha,IJ;JIeJK11T K orpazry
Tp y6KOHOChIX. H a3BaH STOT OTpR,n; TaK IIOTOMy, t.ITO H03­
,n;Pll Y ero npezrcrauarenea CJIOBHO 6hI 3arHYThI B TPy­
60t.IKll. CBoe Ha3BaHlie aJIh6aTpOC
IIOJIyt.IllJI IIOTOMy, t.ITO B3pOCJIhle
IITllIJ;hI aroro nnzta llMeIOT fie.aoe
orrepenue - sezu. arrsfia B nepeaozte
C JIaThIHll 03Hat.IaeT «6eJIhIll '), 8Ta

59. BOAHblE nnll..I,bl
rrTHIJ;a, rHe3,n;HBIIIaHC.H na ,n;BYX He60JIbIIIHX OCTpOBKax B
THXOM orceane, 6bIJIa rrO'ITH rrOJIHOCTbIO HCTpe6JIeHa, HO
Cell'IaC ee 'IHCJIeHHOCTb BOCCTaHaBJIHBaeTC.H. 3Ta rcpyn­
Ha.H m-nua sener BO,n;HbIll H KO'IeBOll ofipaa mH3HH. He­
peznco ansriarpocsr CJIe,n;yIOT aa MOpCKHMH cynasm.
50J1bLLlO~ 5AKJlAH
Bo.m.nrofi 6aKJIaH BXO,n;HT B OTp.H,n; BeCJIOHOrHX. 3TO
xpyrraaa rrrnua ,n;JIHHOll zro 90 CM. B pacxpac­
,n;OBOJIbHO
ice 6aKJIaHa rrpeofinaztaer 'IepHOBaTO-3eJIeHbIll IJ;BeT.
Y 6aKJIaHa xaparcrepusni KJIIOB - C KpIO'IKOBaTbIM KOH­
'IHKOM, npncnocofinensrsna ,n;JI.H ,n;06bIBaHH.H rrHIIJ;I1 B sozte.
BaKJIaH 06I1TaeT na 06IIIIIpHOll eapoueiicxoii reppnro­
pna, a 3I1My rrpezmoxa'raer rrponozrar-s B Ceaepnoii Aep­
pmce. BaKJIaHbI xoponro JleTaIOT, HO 60JlbIIIyIO 'IaCTb
BpeMeHII rrpOBo,n;HT Ha Bo,n;e, rrOCKoJlbKY 8Ta rrTIIIJ;a
O'IeHb rrpoacopnnaa H see BpeMH 3aH.HTa ,n;o6bIBaHHeM
rrporrHTaHII.H •
~ ~. ~
~ ,
B eJlOCnUHHblU aJlb6ampoc
BOJlbUWU 6aKJlaH

60. Y3HAH M~P
KY1U1K-COPOKA
Ky JIIIRa-COPOKY Ha3bIBa ­
IOT eI.IJ;e MOpCKOH COpOKOH.
B 3TOM Ha3BaHHH o rpa ­
xcaerca, C O,ll;HOH CTOpOHbI,
ero CXO,ll;CTBO C COpOKOH,
a C ,ll;pyroH - ero BO,ll;HbIH
06pa3 mH3HH. ,IJ;JIHHa 3TO­
ro KyJIHKa - ,ll;O 40 CM.
KyJIHK-COpOKa paCIIpOCT­
paHeH OtIeHb IIIHpOKO - OT
3aIIOJIHpHbIX 06JIaCTeH no rora EBPOIIbI. Ha 3HMY 3Ta IITH ­
ua y JIeTaeT B 3aIIa,ll;HyIO HH,ll;HIO H Arppmcy. ITHTaeTcH KY­
JIHK-COpOKa tIepBHMH, MeJIKHMH patIKaMH H pbI6KaMH.
,IJ;JIH IIOCTpOHKH rnean IITHu;a BbI6HpaeT cyxne KOtIKH.
B KJIa,LJ;Ke 06bltIHO 3-4 HHu;a, rcoropsre BblCHmHBaeT caxr­
rca, HO nepeznco caxren 6epeT 3a6oTbI 0 IIOTOMCTBe na ceria.
KPYrIlOHOCblH nnABYH"i~K
ITJIaByHtIHKH - IITHtIKH H3 OTpH,ll;a KyJIHKOB. ,Il;JIH
HHX xaparcrepma crrafisre nor-a, TpH nepezumx nansua
KOTOpbIX tIaCTHtIHO COe,ll;HHeHbI IIepeIIoHKoH. Y IIJIaByH­
tIHKOB ,ll;JIHHHble KPbIJIbH H KOPOTKHH 3aKpyrJIeHHbIH
XBOCT. ,IJ;JIHHa cararra KpyrJIOHOCOro IIJIaByHtIHKa ­
18 CM, casnca tIyTb xpynnee. ITJIaByHtIHK - IITHu;a ce ­
sepnaa, JIHillb 3HMOH IIOHBJIHeTCH OHa aa tore EBPOIIbI.
ITHTaIOTcH IIJIaByHtIHKH MeJIKHMH pa-ncaraa, JIHtIHHKa ­
MH HaceKOMbIX H HeKOTopbIMH BO,ll;OpOCJIHMH. I'neazra
60

61. 'Iepnuui
OHH CTpOHT na 6eperax oaep, CaMKa OTKJIa,ll;hIBaeT zto
4 HHU;. JI1060IIhITHO, 1.JTO IITeHU;OB BhlCIDKHBalOT caxnrsr,
a caMKH HHKaK He Y1.JaCTBYlOT B BhIBe,n;eHHH H BhIKapM­
JIHBaHHH IIOTOMCTBa.
1.jEPHbIW
Hepusnn, a T01.JHee KyJIHK-1.JepHhIlII, OTHOCHTCH K ce­
MeHcTBy pJRaHOK H3 orpazta KyJIHKOB. 3a xaparcrepnyro
orcpacrcy Ha3hIBalOT 1.JepHhIlIIa enre H 6eJIOXBOCTHKOM •
110 MeCTaM csoero 06HTaHIIH OH 3aCJIyJRHJI erne H IIpO­
anarrre pe-myxa. ,n;JIHHa STOH IITHU;hI - zro 26 CM.
KAMHEWAPKA
Kasrnerrraprca - erne O,n;HH IIpe,n;CTaBHTeJIh ceraeficrna
pJRaHOK H3 orpazta KyJIHKOB. Karanenrapxa JRHBeT na II06e­
peacse Jleztoaaroro oxeana, na cesepnsrx 6eperax BaJITIIH­
crcoro MOpH. Ee MOJRHO BCTpeTHTh II aa COJIeHhIX oaepax
I1pHKacIIHH II B Flpmrepaoraopse. ,Il;JIHHa STOH IITIIU;hI ­
24 CM. Ha cesepe xasraemapxa IIOHBJIHeTCH B KOHu;e arrpe­
JIH, a yneraer B KOHu;e asrycra. I1pOIIHTaHHe STOT I<yJIIIK
naxozmr ce6e B IIpH6peJRHOH IIOJIOCe, rne, IIepeBOpa1.JHBaH
KaMylIIKH, mner JIII1.JIIHOK, MOJIJIlOCKOB II qepBeH. 8Ta
IITHqKa CJIOBHO lIIapHT B KaMHHX - OTClO,n;a II ee Ha3BaHIIe.
61

62. Y3HAH M~P
TYPYXTAH
Cpezra BCex KyJIHKOB TypyxTaH - IITHIJ;a HaH60JIee
IIpHMe"lJaTeJIhHRH. CaMIJ;hI BeCHOR yKpaIIIeHhI BeJIHKO­
JIeIIHhIM BOpOTHHKOM, IIpH"lJeM HaRTH zmyx TypyxTaHoB
C o,n;HHaKOBhIM OIIepeHHeM IIO"lJTH HeB03MOJKHO. IIocJIe
JIHHhKH, ozmarco, OIIepeHHe CaMIJ;OB CTaHOBHTC5I TaKHM
JKe, KaK y caMOK. ,UJIHHa IITHIJ;hI - OKOJIO 26 CM. Typyx­
TaHhI p;epJKaTC5I na 60JIOTax. 8TH KyJIHKH "lJaCTO ncrpexa­
IQTC5I H B TYH,n;pe. YTpOM H aeuepora TypyxTaH 3aH5IT
IIOHCKOM IIHr:u;H, KOTOpyIQ COCTaBJI5IeT BC5IKa51 Bo,n;Ha51
MeJIO"lJh. 1I3BeCTHhI TypyxTaHhI H CBOHMH p;paKaMH BO
BpeM5I 6pa"lJHOrO nepnozia. 8TH IIoe,n;HHKH
o-rern, TeaTpaJIhHhI , IIpOTHBHHKH mrxorna
He IIPH"lJHH5IIQT zrpyr p;pyry npezra. CaMKa
OTKJIap;hIBaeT ,n;o 4 51HIJ; H caxra BhICHJKHBa­
er IITeHIJ;OB - CaMeIJ; eH He IIOMoraeT .
"I ErPABA
Herpaaa - "lJaRKa. lIHO­
rzta STy IITHIJ;y aa KOpaJIJIOBO­
KpaCHhIH HOC H CMeIIIHhle
IIOBap;KH Ha3hIBaIQT KpaCHO­
HOCOH MapThIIIIKOR. ,UJIHHa
Tupuxman

63. BOAHblE nn1Ubi
'Ieepaea
TJ epnast tcpautca
1.JerpaBbI - 50 CM, a paasrax ee KpbIJIbeB - zto 130 CM.
B POCCHH xerpaay MO)KHO BCTpeTHTb na 6eperax Kac­
IIHllcKoro, Hepnoro H BaJITH:HCKOrO Mopell, a 3HMOll ­
na IO)KHOM 6epery Cpenaaemroro MOpH. l.{erpaBa 60JIb­
IIIyIO 1.JaCTb BpeMeHH JIeTaeT 01.JeHb HM3KO nan aozrofi, a
yBH,n;eB ,n;06bI1.JY, HbIpHeT aa Hell. IIHTaeTCH 1.JerpaBa
rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M PbI60:H. B KJIa,IJ;Ke y caMKH no 3 HHIJ;.
Po,n;HTeJIH BbIKapMJIHBaIOT HX MeJIKOll psrfienncoa,
lfEPHASl KPAlfKA
Cymecrnye-r HeCKOJIbKO paaaoaannocreii Kpa1.JeK : 60­
JIOTHaH MapTbIIIIKa, Kpa1.JKa CBeTJIOKpbIJIaH, Kpa1.JKa 6e­
JIOrn;eKaH. Y Kpa1.JeK (OTpH,n; 1.JaeK) y,n;JIHHeHHbI:H KJIIOB,
,n;JIHHHOIIaJIble aora C He60JIbIIIMMH rrepeIIOHKaMH H KO­
pOTKH:H 1.JyTb paazmoemrsrii XBOCT. ,IJ;JIHHa :3T 0 :H IITHIJ;bI
B cpezmew 25 CM, a paasrax ee KpbIJIbeB - 60JIee 60 CM.
IIHTaeTcH Kpa1.JKa rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M HaceKoMbIMM,
MeJIKHMH pbI6KaMH H ,n;pyrMMH 06HTaTeJIHMH nozororo
MHpa. CeJIHTCH Kpa1.JKH aa 60JIOTaX, B IIO:HMaX perc.
I'neaaa CTpOHT na K01.JKax. IITeHIJ;bI zio.aro OCTaIOTCH IIpH
po,n;HTeJIHX, 'rpefiya 0'1' HHX rcopsra zraxce rorzra, reorzia
YMeIOT JIeTaTb. 06HTaeT xepaaa rcpaxrca B cpezmeii IIO­
JIOce POCCHH, a na 3HMY nepefiapaerca B TeIIJIble rcpaa.
63

64. Y3HAVI MHP
PEL.tHASl KPAL.tKA
Y peqHoA KpaqKH
MHOmeCTBO zrpyr-ax aa­
3BBHHA - pbI60JIOB, :r.u;e­
6epHHIra, BbIOIIIa•.• 06pa3
mH3HH OHa nener TaKoA
me, KaK H zrpyrae rcpa-ncn,
npauan.neacanrae K OT­
pH,IJ;y qaeK. OTJIHqaeTCH
pe-nraa xpaxxa OT HHX rJIBBHbIM 06pa30M paCI.J;BeTKOA one­
peHHH H KOpOTKHM qyTb corny'rsrra KJIIOBOM. ,n;JIHHa 3TOA
rrTHI.J;bI - OKOJIO 40 CM, a paaraax ee KpbIJIbeB - 60JIee
80 CM. Pexaaa xpa-nca CeJIHTC.H B rrpHrrOJIHpHbIX 30Hax.
L.tH6HC
1.IH6HC rrpHH8)J;JIemHT K ceraeiicr­
By pxcanox H3 OTp.H,IJ;a KyJIHKOB.
,n;mIHa qll6HCa -,IJ;O 35 CM. Ofiaraer
OH rrOBCIO,IJ;y B Esporre OT IIpHrroJIH­
pssr ,lJ;0 3aKBBKa3bH. 1.IH6HC ncerzta
CeJIHTC.H B6JIH3H BO,lJ;bI. B rroncxax
rrmmr OH 06blqHO npotieraer OKOJIO
MeTpa, OCTaHBBJIllBaeTC.H aa o,lJ;HoA
nore, BbIT.HHyB zrpyryro Ha38)J;. B 'ra­
KoA nose OH OCMaTpHBaeT ace BO­
xpyr-, II ecrra He HaXO,lJ;llT HllqerO C'be,lJ;06HOrO, zienae'r
CJIe,lJ;YIO:r.u;yIO nepeoeacxy. IIHTaeTcH qll6HC qepB.HMH, yJIHT­
KaMH II BO,lJ;HHbIMll HaceKOMbIMH. Kynaaae ,lJ;JIH qH6llCa ­
HaCYII.J;HaH norpeonocrr., II zte.nae'r
OH 3TO HeCKOJIbKO paa B ztem.,
KYI1HK-110nATEHb
KYJIllK-JIOrraTeHb OTJIllqaeTC.H OT
zrpyr-ax KyJIllKOB CBOllM aeotism­
HbIM KJIIOBOM, rro rpopxre aanoran­
HaIO:r.u;HM He60JIbIIIyIO JIOrraTKy.

65. BOAH blE nn11..bl
KOPMl1TCH STOT KyJIIltIOK, aaxozra
B BOP;y no 6plOXO H onHCbIBaH nOJIy­
xpyr rOJIOBOH H nreejr. IIpH STOM KY ­
JIHK 6bICTpO 6eJKHT, a KJIIOB y Hero
norpyacen B BOP;Y. Ha repparopaa
POCCl1l1 KyJIHK-JIOnaTeHb rHe3p;HT ­
CH B cenepnsrx KpaHX, a 3HMOBaTb
HanpaBJIHeTCH B IOro-BoCTOtIHylO
A3HIO.
5EJ10XBOCTASI m1rAm1~
BeJIOXBOCTaH IIIUaJIH:o;a - nTH'I ­
rca H3 CeMeHCTBa pJKaHOK (OTpHp; KY ­
JIHKl1). Ee p;JIl1Ha - zto 30 CM.
Ilnramma - IOJKHaH rrnrna. OHa 0611TaeT npeaxryure­
CTBeHHO B Arppmce, XOTH, CJIytIaeTCH, 3aJIeTaeT H B EB­
pony. BCTpetIaeTCH 6eJIOXBOCTaH rrarannna H B CTenHX
aa HHJKHeH BOJIroH. fHe3p;HTCH nHraJIl1:O;hI napaxra l1JIH
:o;eJIhIMH co06r.u;eCTBaMH B6JIH3H 60JIOT H: na 6eperax
oaep. IIl1TalOTCH MeJIKHMl1 6ecn03BOHOtIHhIMl1.
nEPEB031.f~K
IIepeB03tIl1K - er.u;e OP;l1H npencrana-rem, ceMeHCTBa
pJKaHOK. B EBponeHCKOH POCCl1l1 STO ozma H3 casn,rx
pacnpocrpaaennsrx nTH:O;. ,IJ;JIl1Ha ee - no 21 CM. IIepe­
B03tIHK BCTpetIaeTCH nOBCIOp;y na necuansrx 6eperax H
OTMeJIHX perc. OH 6bICTpO JIeTaeT Ha,ll; caMOH BOP;OH, a npn
He06xop;l1MOCTH nsrpaer H oxear, 6bI ­
CTpO rpefier nozt BOP;OH KPbIJIhHMH.
CaMKa CTpOl1T rneano na necvam,rx
6eperax HJIH: B 3apOCJIHX H:BHHKa.
B KJIap;Ke nepeB03tIH:Ka p;o 4 HH:O;.
B pa:O;110H ero BXOP;HT JIHtIHHKH, -rep­
BH 11 nozrasre aacercorasre. B c.nynae
onaCHOCTH nepeB03tIHK 6bICTpO ne ­
pe.neraer C OP;HO 6epera pexn aa zrpy ­
rOH H 06paTHo.