kingdom>phylum>class>order>family>genus>species

1. *

2. INTRODUCTION
• Frnds as we all know that every organisms in this
world weather a bacteria or any multicellular
plant or any human being it is unique itself .This
uniqueness is the basis of DIVERSITY.
• From the diversity word the term BIODIVERSITY
comes and this term simply means
• BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY and it was first coined by
Sir Walter G.Rosen .
• Now lets go to the man part of our chapter the
classification of living organisms.

3. Animal Kingdom:- The following classification
“telescope” clearly indicates the mechanism behind
the classification of the Animal Kingdom
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES

4. ANIMALIA
PORIFERA
COELENTERATA
PLATYHELMINTHES
NEMATODA
ANNELIDA
ARTHROPODA
MOLLUSCA
PROTOCHORDATA
VERTEBRATA
PISCES AMPHIBIA REPTILA AVES MAMMALIA

5. PORIFERA
• The word porifera means pores or organisms
having holes in their body .
• They are non motaile animals who are attached
to a solid support .
• Due to the presence of holes , it leads to a canal
system throughout their body to bring in food
and oxygen.
• Ostia are present all over the body with a single
large opening at the top called Osculum.

6. Some of the Poriferans are as follows -:

7. COLENTERATA (cinidria)
• Two layered body which is radially symmetrical
• Aquatic in habitat which includes both fresh water and marine
• The outer layer has tentacles armed with stinging cells cnidoblasts
which can release venom into the victim. The inner layer encloses a
body cavity called gastro vascular cavity
• Animals in this group exist in two types of individuals called zooids -
polyps and medusae. Polyps are fixed and lead solitary or colonial
life, while medusae are free swimming
• Alternation of generation takes place in colonial forms. Polyps and
medusae alternate with each other during the life cycle
• Reproduction is usually asexual i.e., by budding in the polyp form
and sexual in medusa form
• Exoskeleton made of lime is found in corals
• Example: Hydra, Obelia, Aurelia, Metridium . Sea anemone

8. Sea Anemone

9. PLATHYHELMINTHES
• As the names tell us that Plathyhelmintes in
which plathy means flat and minthes means
worms alltoghether Flatworms .
• Simplest triploblastic organisms showing bilateral
symmetry
• Mostly parasites in other animals
• Body in dorsoventrally flat and leaf-like or ribbon-
like with bilateral symmetry
• The body cavity has only one opening which
serves as both the mouth and the anus .
• Ex- Planaria , Liverfluke , Tapeworm.

10. Some of the flatworms

11. NEMATODA
• This group of organisms have body bilaterally
symmetrical and triploblastic.
• They have their body shaped cylindrical rather
than flattened .
• They have tissues but no real real organs , and
they have the presence of Pseudocoelom.
• They are very much familiar to the disease
causing parasitic worms such as filarial worms .
• Some of the nematodes are – ascaris ,wucheria
etc.

12. Nematodes

13. ANNELIDA
• Occur in moist soil, fresh water and sea
• Body is soft and segmented, triploblastic with
bilateral symmetry
• First animal with the coelom (body cavity)
• Body is covered by a non-chintinous cuticle which
may have chitinous setae, or parapodia
• Reproduction is generally sexual, but some may
reproduce asexually by rejuvination i.e, by
regrowing broken segments
• Example: Nereis (sand worm), Aphrodite (sea
mouse), Pheretima (earthworm), Hirudinaria
(leech)

14. Some of the ANNELIDs

15. ARTHROPODA
• This is the largest phylum with almost 80% of the
animal kingdom .
• Body is bilaterally symmetrical and segmented. It
is divided into head, thorax and abdomen.
• Possess jointed legs which may be modified for
walking, swimming feeding and feeling .
• Exoskeleton is chitinous which is shed periodically
by moulting .
• Body cavity is reduced and filled with blood
(haemocoel) .
• Respiration is by lungs, book lung and trachea
• Example: Apis (honey bee), Araneae (Spider),
Palaemon (prawn), Scolopendra (Centipede).

16. Some of the Arthropods

17. MOLLUSCA
• Aquatic in habitat but some land forms are
also seen .
• Body is soft and divided into three regions
(head, dorsal visceral mass and ventral foot).
• Body enclosed in a hard calcareous .
• Breathe through gills, land molluscs have
lungs .
• Sexes are separate.
• Example: Chiton, Pila (snail), unio (fresh water
mussel), octopus .

18. Pics Of Mollusca

19. ECHINODERMATA
• Marine in habitat
• Body is radially symmetrical, star shaped,
spherical or elongate, Exoskeleton is spiny
• Head is absent and five radially arranged arms
present
• Locomotion is with the help of tube feet
• Sexes are separate
• Example: Asterias (star fish), Echinus (sea urchin),
Holothuria (sea cucumber), Antedon (feather
star)

20. Pics of Echinodermata

21. PROTOCHORDATA
• These animals are billiterally symmetrical and
their body is triploblastic and they have a
coelom.
• The presence of notochord starts from this
group of animals at certain stages of their life.
• Example - Balanoglossus

22. ( Protochordates )

23. VERTEBRATA
• These are the group of animals who have
many special things and many unique things
also.
• They all posses
1: Notochord.
2: Dorsal nerve cord.
3: Are Triploblastic .
4: Have Coelomate etc .

24. • They are Further divided into 5 classes , they
are as follows
1 : Pisces
2 : Amphibians
3 : Reptila
4 : Aves
5 : Mamilia

25. Class – PISCES
• They all also belong to the fish community .
• They all are exclusively aquatic animals.
• They are cold blooded too.
• They have their hearts 2 chambered .
• Some of the pisces are – lion fish , Labeo
Rohita, Sting ray etc .

26. Fishes

27. Class – AMPHIBIANS
• They are quite different from the fishes as
due to the absence of scales .
• They have Mucus Glands in their skin and
have three chambered heart.
• They also have a special quality of laying eggs
in water .
• Ex -Frogs toads , salamders etc .

28. Some of the Amphibians

29. One of the most dangerous Toads

30. Class- REPTILIA
• Mostly terrestrial
• Heart is 3 chambered, is cold blooded
• Breathe through lungs
• Body covered with scales
• Have two pairs of pentadactyl (five digit) limbs
which are absent in snakes
• Example: Hemidactylus (wall lizard),
chameleon, Draco (flying lizard)

31. Pictures Of Reptiles

32. Class – AVES
• Arboreal in habitat i.e, they live on trees
• Warm blooded. 4 chambered heart
• Body covered with feathers
• Lungs have membranous extensions called air
sacs to make the body light
• Mouth is surrounded by a beak. Teeth are absent
• Fore-limbs are modified into wings
• Ex- all the bird Family

33. BIRDS (AVES)

34. Class- MAMMALIA
• Most intelligent of all organisms
• Warm blooded with 4 chambered heart
• Give birth to young ones
• The mother suckles her young ones on milk
secreted by special glands called mammary
glands
• Body covered with hair
• Have two pairs of pentadactyl limbs
• Breathe through lungs
• Ex – Human beings , whales etc .

35. MAMMALs

36. ANIMALS
Cellular Level
Organisation
Tissue Level
Organisation
Porifera
No Body cavity Between
Gastrodermis And
Epidermis
Pseudocoelom Coelomate
Colenterata,
Plathyhelminthes
Nematoda

37. Mesodermal cells form
a single cell during the
growth of the Embryo
Coloem formed from
pouches pinched off
from the endoderm
Annelida , Arthrpoda,
and Mollusca
No Notochord Notochord
Present
Echinodermata
Chordata

38. Notochord present at the
larval stage , but very
rudimentry
Notochord replaced by the
vertebral coloumn in adults
Protochordata Vertebrata
Pisces Amphibians Reptilia Aves Mammalia