1. Dr. Anil Kumar
MBBS, MD
Department of Community Medicine
Personality , Intelligence and
Social Psychology

2. PERSONALITY
The term "personality" is a key word in
psychology.
It implies individual's behaviour or
adjustments to his surroundings. The terms
personality and human behaviour are inter-
related.
It is important to bear in mind that the
personality of the doctor affects very much
the well-being of the patient.

3. Components of personality
• PHYSICAL
• EMOTIONAL
• INTELLIGENCE
• BEHAVIOUR

4. PHYSICAL
Features of an individual namely height, weight,
colour, facial expression,physical health, etc.
To the layman, a good personality means an
impressive, symmetrical and healthy body.
Components of personality cont.

5. EMOTIONAL
• A person's emotions also go into the make-up
of his/ her personality.
• Emotions are the feelings we have - fear,
anger, love, jealousy etc.
Components of personality cont.

6. INTELLIGENCE
• Personality also implies intellectual ability.
• An intelligent person will have a forceful
personality.
A person with sub-normal intelligence is
described as a "dull"' person.
Components of personality cont.

7. BEHAVIOUR
• Behaviour is a reflection of one's personality.
Behaviour is described in such terms as gentle,
kind, affectionate, balanced, submissive and
aggressive.
When we assess human personality, all these
components must be taken into consideration.
Components of personality cont.

8. Development of personality
• INFANCY : The first one year of life is called
infancy. There is rapid physical and mental
growth. The infant is totally dependent on the
mother. By the end of first year, the infant is
able to stand up for a short while and tries to
walk with a little support. He enjoys simple
tricks and games.

9. PRE-SCHOOL CHILD
• This stage is marked by considerable growth
of brain. The child feeds himself, speaks ,
loves his home, fears dark, loves stories and
wants to assume responsibility. He begins to
mix with other small children.
Development of personality Cont.

10. SCHOOL-AGE
• The school-age period ranges from 5 to 15
years. The school going child is active all the
time. By the age of 8, the mental powers are
fully developed. The brain of the child at the
age of 8 years is almost of the same size as an
adult. The child begins to reason. There is a
gradual detachment from the family , and
greater attachment to his playmates and
friends. He begins to form group.
Development of personality Cont.

11. ADOLESCENCE
• Adolescence or "teenage" is a turbulen period
in one's life. This is a period of rosy dreams
adventure, love and romance. The teenager
strives for independence.
• He dislikes parental authority. He becomes
fully aware of social values and norms. There
is rapid physical growth.
Development of personality Cont.

12. ADULTS
• The person is mature and more balanced. The
physical and mental characteristics are fully
developed.
It is difficult to draw a line when adolescence
ceases, and adulthood begins.
Development of personality Cont.

13. OLD AGE
• It is difficult to say when old age begins. It is a
gradual process marked by decline in physical
powers and acuity of sense organs.
• Old age is marked by certain psychological
changes such as impaired memory, rigidity of
outlook, irritability, bitterness, inner
withdrawal and social maladjustment.
Development of personality Cont.

14. • Human’s character may be good at one time
and bad at another time. though his
personality remains the same. There is no
acceptable definition of character.

15. THINKING
• Man is called a thinking animal.
• It is an active mental process. Imaginative
thinking is a mental process, it involves thinking
in the absence of original sensor-stimuli. The
highest form of thinking is said to be creative
thinking.
• e.g.. An artist painting a picture. Creative
thinking is said to be responsible for new
inventions, new views of life and new discoveries.

16. INTELLIGENCE
• Intelligence is an important aspect of
personality. It has not been satisfactorily
defined as yet.
• Psychologists believe that intelligence results
from an interplay between hereditary an
environmental factors.

17. • As psychologists observed the differences
between animals and human beings, and the
differences between organisms of the same
species, they were impressed by the fact that
there are variations in the case and adequacy
with which adjustments to new situations
occur.
INTELLIGENCE Cont.

18. Mental age
• The first tests of intelligence were devised by
Binet and Simon (1896). They developed the
concept of mental age.
• That is a child who could do the five-year
tests but who could not go on to the six-year
level, was credited with mental age of five
years.
INTELLIGENCE Cont.

19. • The concept of mental age indicated the level
of intelligence achieved, but it gave no
indication of the brightness or dullness of the
individual concerned.
INTELLIGENCE Cont.

20. Intelligence Quotient
• This is an improvement over the concept of
mental age. It is obtained by dividing the
mental age by chronological age, and
multiplying by 100.
Mental age
IQ= ------------------ ------- x 100
Chronological age
INTELLIGENCE Cont.

21. • Levels of Intelligence IQ Range
• Idiot 0-24
• Imbecile 25-49
• Moron 50-69
• Borderline 70-79
• Low normal 80-89
• Normal 90-109
• Superior 110-119
• Very superior 120-139
• Near genius 140 and over
INTELLIGENCE Cont.

22. • For example, if a child is 10 years of age and
his mental age level is that of 5 years, the IQ
is 50.
INTELLIGENCE Cont.

23. ADULT INTELLIGENCE
• (1) space : the ability to perceive objects
(understanding)
• (2) number : familiarity with elementary
arithmetic.
• (3) verbal comprehension : the ability to
reason from verbal concepts.
• (4) facility of expression : the ability to
employ the appropriate words.
INTELLIGENCE Cont.

24. • (5) memory : the ability to retain words and
ideas.
• (6) induction : the ability to discover
principles.
• (7) deduction : the ability to use those
principles to solve concrete problems.
• (8) flexibility and quickness of thought.
ADULT INTELLIGENCE Cont.

25. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
• Social psychology is an important branch of
psychology. It is defined as the science of
behaviour of the individual in society.
• That is, it studies the behaviour of the
individual in group, crowd, mob, audience
and other social situations. It also studies the
attitudes of the individuals towards cultural
and social values.

26. Group behavior
• Human are a social being. From birth till
death, he is associated with people. He is
born in particular culture which is made up of
customs, laws, ideals, art, literature, crafts,
science, Technology and institutions. All these
act on the individual and influence his social
behaviour. Group behaviour is also known as
social behaviour.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Cont.

27. Social interaction
• a) Inter-personal relationships : The individual
learns many things from his parents, teachers
and friends. This is known as person-to-
person interaction.
• (b) Inter-group relationships : The individual
is a member of a group, of a family and of a
community. He has to follow the traditions of
the group..
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Cont.

28. • e.g. Attitude to prohibition, family planning,
child marriage, etc.
• In any democratic society, people's attitudes
are a matter of vital importance to the State.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Cont.

29. References:
• Park K. Park’s textbook of preventive and
social medicine. 2019

30. Thank You