Final masters portfolio

MASS CUSTOMIZED ENVELOPE
Control and Change in The Rise of Lateral Power
Student:
Anchal Ganesh Shamanur
Nabila Afif
Zhu Lin
RC18
B-Pro MArch Urban Design
Bartlett School of Architecture
University College London
2016-2017

B-Pro Urban Design | 2016-2017
Portfolio
Bartlett School of Architecture
University College Laondon
London, United Kingdom
Design Tutors:
Enriqueta Llabres-Valls
Zachary Fluker
Submitted by:
Anchal Ganesh Shamanur
Nabila Afif
Zhu Lin
September 2017

“Today’s reality is a powerful collision of
physical and digital that augments both
– a triumph of atoms and bits.”
Ratti, C. and Claudel, M. (2016)
The City of Tomorrow: Sensors, Networks, Hackers and the future of Urban Life
I I I

ABSTRACT
I I I IV
This project tries to rethink building envelope from a static entity into a dynamic
and negotiable boundary in the city, with the concept of materializing urban ne-
gotiation in the modern day. Through the utilization technology and digital net-
work to process urban data, the project is an attempt to bridge the gap between
digital and physical world that centres around the daily interaction of the cities
dwellers and their surroundings. In the process, digital fabrication is introduced to
control and change the building envelope to a certain extend with the negotiation
scheme, which involves people from public sphere, private sphere and environment.
III

Interactive
Negotiation Model
Digital Negotiation
Simulation
The Three Body ProblemUrban Envelope
Comparison Study
Dynamic
Envelope Model
Modern Cyborg Society
City of Network
Old Street Physical Urban Data
Old Street Digital Urban Data
Fibonacci Number Model
Arduino
Light Sensor
Unity with API Protocol
Urban Data Online Platform
Pointool
Rhino
Grasshopper
Kangaroo
Transform
Firefly
Honeybee
Hacking the
Sewing Machine
Fabricating
Cybernetic Space
Crafting Intellegency
Fabrication Machine #1
Fabrication Evolution
Locking System
Self Supporting
Structure
Control and Change Environmental
Behaviour
The Flower Garden
Sensing Machine #1
Material Rotation
System
Sun Light Hour
Simulation
Interactive Model #1
Portable 3D Printer
Arduino
Servo Motor
Sewing Machine
Rhino
Grasshopper
Portable 3D Printer
Arduino
Servo Motor
Sewing Machine
Rhino
Grasshopper
Arduino
Light Sensor
Rhino
Grasshopper
Kangaroo
Transform
Firefly
Rhino
Grasshopper
Ecotech
Arduino
Light Sensor
Servo Motor
Rhino
Grasshopper
Kangaroo
Transform
Firefly
Honeybee
Hacking the
Sewing Machine #1
Living in the Era of the Bits and Atoms Control and ChangeControl and Change
TheoryDigitalPhysicalSoftwareHardware
URBAN NEGOTIATION:
VISUALIZING DYNAMICS IN THE CITY
NEGOTIATING BOUNDARY:
BUILDING ENVELOPE AS A NEGOTIABLE BOUNDARY
19
23
25
09
07
05
33
39
49
53
61
59
8567
99
101
63
107
109
111
117
121
131
133
13
The Rise of Lateral Power 45
73
Material
Intellegence
115
Urban Negotiation
Model
135
Negotiation Logic 21
[ 17 - 30][ 03- 16 ] [ 59 - 104 ] [ 105 - 128] [ 129 - 140 ]
SPACE OF FLOW:
IN THE ERA OF BITS AND ATOMS
[ 31 - 58 ]
NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE:
FABRICATING CYBERNETIC SPACE
NEGOTIATING NATURE:
THE LOGIC OF THE ENVIRONMENT
FUTUREMAKING:
URBAN HACKING BY CYBORG SOCIETY
Interactive
Negotiation Model
Digital Negotiation
Simulation
The Three Body ProblemUrban Envelope
Comparison Study
Dynamic
Envelope Model
Modern Cyborg Society
City of Network
Old Street Physical Urban Data
Old Street Digital Urban Data
Arduino
Light Sensor
Unity with API Protocol
Urban Data Online Platform
Pointool
Rhino
Grasshopper
Kangaroo
Transform
Firefly
Honeybee
Hacking the
Sewing Machine
Fabricating
Cybernetic Space
Crafting Intellegency
Fabrication Evolution
Locking System
Self Supporting
Structure
Control and Change Environmental
Behaviour
The Flower Garden
Sensing Machine #1
Material Rotation
System
Sun Light Hour
Simulation
Portable 3D Printer
Arduino
Servo Motor
Sewing Machine
Rhino
Grasshopper
Portable 3D Printer
Arduino
Servo Motor
Sewing Machine
Rhino
Grasshopper
Arduino
Light Sensor
Rhino
Grasshopper
Kangaroo
Transform
Firefly
Rhino
Grasshopper
Ecotech
Arduino
Light Sensor
Servo Motor
Rhino
Grasshopper
Kangaroo
Transform
Firefly
Honeybee
Hacking the
Sewing Machine #1
Living in the Era of the Bits and Atoms Control and ChangeControl and Change
TheoryDigitalPhysicalSoftwareHardware
URBAN NEGOTIATION:
19
23
25
09
07
05
33
39
49
53
61
59
8567
99
101
63
107
109
111
117
121
131
133
13
The Rise of Lateral Power 45
73
Material
Intellegence
115
Urban Negotiation
Model
135
Negotiation Logic 21
[ 17 - 30][ 03- 16 ] [ 59 - 104 ] [ 105 - 128] [ 129 - 140 ]
SPACE OF FLOW:
IN THE ERA OF BITS AND ATOMS
[ 31 - 58 ]
NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE:
NEGOTIATING NATURE:
FUTUREMAKING:
URBAN HACKING BY CYBORG SOCIETY
viv

Without specific regulation for building envelope in urban level,
London’s skyline grows as a test bed.
Image Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/3/3a/London_from_a_hot_air_balloon.jpg/300px-London_
from_a_hot_air_balloon.jpg
MODERN DAY LONDON
03 04
BUILDING ENVELOPE AS A NEGOTIABLE BOUNDARYI. NEGOTIATING BOUNDARY
The rapid development in technology and media has changed the functionality of
the world. Together with the discovery of mass media system and the exploration on
the potential of internet, our physical world could no longer be separated from its
digital features. In the immersive scale, our thriving connection with the internet has
bought us to the point where space and time boundaries between people decline
dramatically and new challenges are arising both in the physical and digital world. In
cities, along with fewer land available for people to use and the growth of advance
technology, our perception towards space changed. The digital age has bridged the
gap between the public and the private as one can interact with the public from their
private sphere and physically be a private sphere and still isolate themselves from
the public sphere.
The convergence of public and private sphere in the digital age has formed a new
kind of space known as the hybrid sphere. The contradiction between private space
and public space is also deepened by the ambiguity of the boundary. At the urban
level, the interconnection of the urban fabric with building envelope has a certain
level of ambiguity which makes it an interesting point of intersection. Building en-
velope is a borderline between outside and inside. In other words, it stands in be-
tween the public sphere and the private sphere. Moreover, building envelope could
be found easily throughout the city.
The process of rethinking building envelope in the project begins with the compari-
sons of urban envelopes in the three big cities: Paris, New York and London. There-
fore, this project explores a new system to transform building envelope from a static
entity into a dynamic and negotiable boundary that could act as an innovative tool
to regulate the city of London. The digital world is always being altering and the
physical world should be able to sustain these variations. Thus, building envelope
in the city should be redesigned as a flexible and smart surface with its own intelli-
gence that makes it possible for it to be controllable and changeable by city dwellers
through a digital negotiation system.
I.

05 06
URBAN ENVELOPE COMPARISON STUDYI. negotiating boundary
A historical timeline of Paris, New York and London on how building
envelope regulation influence city development in the recent centuries
BUILDING ENVELOPE TIMELINE

CONTROL AND CHANGE:
DYNAMIC of spaces
07 08
control and changei. negotiating boundary
The exploration of temporariness and flexibility of the building envelope has
led to a fabric exploration which offers an interesting opportunity of understanding
space and the feel of an enclosed space on different surfaces. Fabric approach was
selected because of the flexible properties of the material. By applying tension and
compression in different points on a sheet of fabric, dynamic spaces are created.
In the process, we hack a sewing machine by connecting the rotor system that con-
trols the needle into rail system formed by rail and mini servo motor that are con-
nected to Arduino. Thus, by a simple mechanism of controlling and changing differ-
ent anchor points and setting different distances in between two sheets of fabrics,
various different spaces are created to resemble limitless scenario that happens in
the city when building envelope has become something that could be negotiated
and mass customized.
Material study shows how different tension applied to the fabric at
different points creates various spaces and densities
material study: spandex

09 10
hacking the sewing machine #1i. negotiating boundary
Fabrication machine made by hacked sewing ma-
chine combined with arduino and servo machine
fabrication machine

11 12
hacking the sewing machine #1I. negotiating boundary
Fabrication machine made by hacked sewing machine combined
with arduino and servo machine
fabrication machine
1
2
3
4
5 6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
1.Machine Base
2. 4 x 8 mm nuts and bolts
3. External Side Gear
4. Micro Servo 180’
5. Rack
6. Side Handle
8. External Front Gear
9. Rack
10. Micro Servo 180’
11. Front Handle
12. Handle Rail Guide
13. Pit for 4 x 8 mm
nuts and bolts
14. Machine setting base
frame
15. Fabric 1 (attached to
the Fabric Frame 1)
16. Fabric Frame 1
17. Fabric Frame 2
18. Fabric 2 (attached to
the Fabric Frame 2)
20. Sewing Machine
FABRICATION MACHINE #1
SEWING MACHINE
[HACKED]
Exploded diagram of the Fabrication Machine
fabrication machine

13 14
dynamic envelope modeli. negotiating boundary
[9.00, 3.00]
[6.00, 8.00]
[9.00, 11.00]
[8.00, 8.00]
[6.00, 11.00]
[8.00, 16.00]
[4.00, 14.00]
[5.00, 10.00]
[8.00, 13.00]
[5.00, 17.00]
Different spaces and desnsities created by
the material at when tension and compression are
added at different achor points
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE MODEL

(44+36+32)/3=37（%） (44+40+28)/3=37（%）
100-37-37=26（%）
(6,5)
(4,5)
(5,6)
(6,6)
(5,5)
25%
27%
29%
31%
33%
35%
25%
27%
29%
31%
33%
35%
37%
39%
42%
(4,6)
37%
39%
42%
15 16
dynamic envelope modeli. negotiating boundary
Different spaces and desnsities created by
the material at when tension and compression are
added at different achor points based on the input
data from the digital negotiation model
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE MODEL

17 18
VISUALIZING DYNAMICS IN THE CITYIi. URBAN NEGOTIATION
Looking back into the background of the project, in our context, dynamic comes as
the critic of previous outdated building envelope regulations which still being ap-
plied in New York and Paris. The regulation is fixed; therefore, once it is applied, the
city is static. Then, considering the way London is developing based on free market
now, from urban design perspective, if any new regulation should be applied to the
city, ideally it should be flexible enough to be able to accommodate the changing
needs of the market. Thus, to bridge the ever changing different needs in the mar-
ket, a negotiation concept is introduced.
Consequently, any two opposing elements might cause a conflict and this can be re-
solved by negotiation. Negotiation is a broad concept with vast abstraction. Comes
from the word ‘negotiate’, it is generally defined as “to confer with another so as to
arrive at the settlement of some matter” (Merriam-webster.com, 2017).
In developing the concept into an urban project, this project identifies three com-
plex entities that might negotiate in an urban scene as public sphere, private sphere
and environment which have all sorts of different interest, requirements and initial
condition. Developed from the point of view of a designer, this project is started by
the development of an abstract negotiation model which would help us in visualizing
the dynamics of the city, as a base to develop a more impartial and intelligent solu-
tion for urban space in an ever-changing city.
II.
URBAN NEGOTIATION:
“The right to the city is, therefore, far more than a right of individual or group access to the
resources that the city embodies: it is a right to change and reinvent the city more after our hearts’
desire. It is, moreover, a collective rather than an individual right, since reinventing the city inevitably
depends upon the exercise of a collective power over the processes of urbanization.”
David Harvey - Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution, 2014, pp.4

19 20
THE THREE BODY PROBLEMII. URBAN NEGOTIATION
THE THREE BODY PROBLEM:
Perennial Problem of the Dynamics
To get a more practical understanding of negotiation concept, this project borrows
the concept of negotiation from the discipline of astrophysics known as the Three-
Body Problem. As Valtonen and Karttunen argue in The Three-Body Problem (2006),
the three-body problem appears in various context in nature. In astrophysics, it is
noted as the problem of motion of three celestial bodies un¬der their mutual grav-
itational attraction, often referred as the motion of the Moon under the influences
of gravitational force of the Sun and the Earth (Valtonen and Karttunen, 2006, p.1).
In a three-body problem scenario, each of those three entities has their own mass,
initial position and velocity that keep changing with time and is not arranged in a
particular way. Furthermore, each entity is restricted in relation with the other two
entities due to the nature of their own gravitational force. Thus, there is no way to
coordinate their transformation.
Similarly, this project also considers three complex entities as the input data for the
negotiation system. In urban level, both public sphere, private sphere and environ-
ment have all sorts of different interest, requirements and initial condition. Thus,
designed for digital age city, this project appropriates the computational approach
from the three-body problem to break down the negotiation scenario.
Sensing machine with three input points to gather
iput data from three independent users that are
interconnected in a certain level
dynamic user interface

21 22
The negotiation system is set by a general rule: as it is closer
to the ground, public is given more control over the size of
the space and as it is further from the ground, the two build-
ings are given the more control equally
DYNAMIC PERCENTAGE
II. URBAN NEGOTIATION
During the negotiation process, each player could benefit
from the other player depending on how much each player
want and how much right each one has the space. The right
of the space is based on their position in a vertical relation
to the ground.
NEGOTIATION LOGIC
NEGOTIATION LOGIC

NEGOTIATION MACHINE
Building 1 People Building 2
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
23 24
Diagram showing different scenarios with various
spaces formed for every players which result in different
final envelope space
negotiation scenarios
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
iI. URBAN NEGOTIATION
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
NEGOTIATION MACHINE
INPUT
Building 1
Building 2
People
SPHERES
Private
Private
Public
DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
interactive negotiation model

25 26
DIGITAL NEGOTIATION SIMULATIONII. UrBAN NEGOTIATION

27
DIGITAL NEGOTIATION SIMULATIONII. urban negotiation
Diagram showing different scenarios with various
spaces formed for every players which result in different
final envelope space.
negotiation scenarios
28

(5,6)
(3,3)
(2,1)
(9,4)
(5,8)
4518
38
40 40
28
4060
2832
52 46 (3,5)
25%
27%
29%
31%
33%
37%
25%
27%
29%
31%
33%
37%
39%
42%
45%
(44+32+28)/3=34（%） (56+40+32)/3=42（%）
100-34-42=24（%）29 30
DIGITAL NEGOTIATION SIMULATIONii. urban negotiation

31 32
IN THE ERA OF BITS AND ATOMSIII. SPACE OF FLOW
III.
Space of Flow:
In the Era of Bits and Atoms
“There is a new spatial form characteristic of social practices that dominate and shape the
network society: the space of flows ... The space of flows is the material organization of time-sharing
social practices that work through flows. By flows I understand purposeful, repetitive, programmable
sequences of exchange and interaction between physically disjointed positions held by social actors,”
Manuel Castells - The Rise of the Network Society, 1996, p.412
According to Rowan Moore in Slow Burn City: London in the Twenty-First Century,
London always survives a disaster. London, above all the pros and cons, is a surviv-
ing giant. Since the late 19th century, London has turned bigger than ever before.
It was once a global city and now it is the global city of all cities (Moore, 2016). It is
known that London is the heart of the Britain’s economics and the rapid develop-
ment of towers, sharp escalating of property values and prices has proved that it is
the global city of all cities. Business grows prolifically; and along with our modern
digital lifestyle, great network connectivity is inevitable. Physically, London is an ex-
tremely populated yet very dynamic city at the same time. Digitally, according to the
global tweeter data map, it is no surprise that London is the brightest digital node
in Europe.
Today in the digital age London, like any modern city with great network connectiv-
ity, its city dwellers are transforming into a modern cyborg society. People is overly
depending on internet and on the personal scale, constant two-way cybernetic ex-
change we constantly conduct has turned us into individuals whose mental and so-
cial existence are not only enabled and sustained but also improved by technology.
People no longer see technology and humanity as a separated context but rather as
two constituents that entangled as one entity. Technology, in specific internet-based
media, has become our basic platform in performing almost all of our basic daily
activities. Therefore, along with this phenomenon, massive amount of urban data is
created every day in city on a real-time basis. Finally, in this project, London’s physi-
cal and digital urban data is extracted as the base consideration for the development
of the negotiation system’s framework and the intelligence of the envelope.

MODERN CYBORG SOCIETY
creature of the modern world
33 34
MODERN CYBORG SOCIETYIII. SPACE OF FLOW
When looking at an entanglement between humanity and technology, it is inter-
esting to look at the long history of human exploration on the ‘direct relationship
between people, machinery and technology’ which could be interpreted as ‘cyborg’.
More than focusing only on the historical aspect of it, the history of development of
cyborg overtime might give us a valuable insight in seeing how people have always
tried to improve their individual and social existence through technology.
Started by a more literal interpretation of a merge between mechanical components
and human body in the early 19th century, modern cyborg nowadays is a more ab-
stract definition and with the invention of social media platform, peoples’ lives are
enhanced with dig¬ital-networked interactions.
“You are a cyborg every time you look at a computer or use a cell phone device.”
Case, 2010 as cited in Ratti and Claudel, 2016, pp.57
Illustration demonstrates the interconnection between human
and technology. The physical world is exceedingly connected to
the digital world.
euston station

A short resume on how the ever-changing term has been defined
specifically in different era since its first emergence in the late
17th century. The timeline shows a relation between the changing
interpretation of the term with the latest global development and
innovation made in the industrial/mechanical sector
A Cyborg Timeline
35 36
1909 1939
1839
before 1800
1955
Norbert Wiener
Filippo T. Marinetti L. Frank Baum's
Edgar Allen Poe
Leonardo
DaVinci
Jaques de
Vaucanson
McCarthy
CONTEMPORARY
CYBERNETICS
1948
Futurist
Manifesto The Wizard of OZ
PROSTHETIC MAN
ROBOT
“Digesting
Duck”
artificiaL
intelligence
"Cybernetics or Control and
Communication in the Animal
and the Machine" outlines
contemporary cybernetics
Outlines a focus on
machinery, industry and
speed Introduces the Tin Woodsman,
who's body has been replaced
by tin limbs
“The Man that Was Used Up”
features a man made almost
entirely of prosthetics
Machine starts to mimics "cognitive"
functions that humans associate with
other human minds, such as "learning"
and "problem solving"
First Industrial Revolution
Second Industrial Revolution /
Technological Revolution
1760 - 1840
1870 - 1914
1980
1985 1997 2016
1990's 2004
DC Comic
Donna Haraway Gray, Virilio Ratti, Claudel
Man of Steel
A Cyborg
Manifesto ENHANCED SOLDIER MODERN CYBORG
INTERNET
GENERATION
facebook age
“… a literal marriage of
technology and man.
Half human, half
machine, and a true
superhero for the
modern age”
“…a cybernetic organism,
a hybrid of machine and
organism, a creature of
social reality as well as a
creature of ﬁction”
Associated to the military in
the form of enhanced soldiers
supervising people from the
corners of the buildings
The Internet becomes
public and becomes more
worldwide
Social Networking gains
popularity, allowing
internet users to
connect in more
intricate ways than
before
THIRD Industrial Revolution :
THE RISE OF LATERAL POWER
2011 - ...
“…a creature born into this binary condi-
tion, into a world of converged digital and
material, where each individual’s mental
and social existence is enabled, sustained,
and improved by technologies”
CYBORG EVOLUTION:
AN EVERCHANGING TERM

37 38
When our over dependency to internet and technology is in the
mass scale, is it sensible to claim that we are living in a cyborg
society now?
MODERN CYBORG SOCIETY

CITY OF NETWORK
39 40
CITY OF NETWORKI. SPACE OF FLOW
London is a contemporary “cyborg” society, with its people being profoundly inter-
net-dependent. They live in a society that is well connected but also enhanced by
the city’s digital network. This concept of connection between physical and digital
world and how the decisions made digitally, also effects the physical world.
Therefore, it is essential to understand the history of social media and how the de-
velopment and the dependency on social media has led to a new cyborg generation
and the rise of lateral power.
Map of twitter data created in United Kingdom
with the focus set in the City of London. Data
source: Mapbox- Global Tweet Data Map by Eric
Fischer
LONDON TWITTER MAP

It introduces a physical
used interface which
allows mouse navigation
The ﬁrst gaming system
which allowed for
thousands of players to
take part at the same time
apple FREE BSD
NINTENDO
CONSOLE
usenet
instant
message
ccc
pc
ipv4
ms-dos
c64
laptop
mupid
email
dns
aol
rsa
dmr
mobile telephone
free software
btx hack
video conference
spam
plat station
blogs
amazon
mmorpg
netflix
ipv6
napster
peer to peer
umts
google adwords
xbox
google earth
stumbleupon
wikipedia
windows mobile
e-government
facebook
vimeo
world of warcraft
cyberlaw
quad core phone
windows 8
software
hardware
technical material
hacking
1976 1977
1979 1980
19811982
19831984
1994
1997
1998 1999
2000
2001
2002
2004
2012
CompuServe was the ﬁrst
major online service
provider in the US
Microsoft was principal
producers of microcomputer
software industry
Microsoft developed
windows graphical userf
interface, an improvement
from MS-DOS
compuserve
ARPANET
UNIX
ONLINE
GAMING
VIRUS
MICROSOFT
TROJAN
windows
web server
web browser
internet
virtual identity
search engine
html
http
linux
bonet
ncsa mosaic
mp3
yahoo
ebay
google map
youtube
wikileaks
23andme
spotify
cloud computing
twitter
tpm
iphone
ios
google street view
smartphone
vpn
google
geizhals
android on mobile
data theft
de-cix
ultra books
google+
office 365
ipad
stuxnet
facebook trades user data
google records wifi network data
1969
1970 1972
1975
1985
1989
1990
1991 1992
1993
1995
2005
20062007
1996
2008
2009
2011
2010
A timeline shows how digital network development
has trived since the mid 20th century. Data source:
Social Media Timeline Wall, ARS Electronica, 2017
A SOCIAL MEDIA Timeline
41 42
DIGITAL EVOLUTIONIII. SPACE OF FLOW
DIGITAL EVOLUTION:
a thriving world of innovation

43 44
DIGITAL EVOLUTIONIII. SPACE OF FLOW
Map of twitter data created in United Kingdom with
the focus set in the Greater London Area in 2016.
Data source: Mapbox - Global Tweet Data Map
by Eric Fischer
LONDON TWITTER MAP

THE RISE OF LATERAL POWER
THE NEW WORLD FORCE
45 46
THE RISE OF LATERAL POWERI. SPACE OF FLOW
The exploration of negotiation system emphasizes on the power of people itself and
the project offers an interesting approach on rethinking urban design for the future.
According to Jeremy Rifkin in his book The Third Industrial Revolution (2011), the
nature of over-dependency on the internet has caused for the modern cyborg gen-
eration and the rise of a new global force, the lateral power, which marks the start
of what he calls the Third Industrial Revolution. Through the ease of sharing and
building social connectivity, social capital thrives and lateral power emerging to be
the world’s most powerful power. In many ways, collaborative power provided by
the internet has restructured human relationship from top to bottom to side to side
(Rifkin, 2011, pp.5).
Therefore, in exploring the project further, data regarding physical and digital devel-
opment in London are cross-compared in order to find a specific test bed in the city
where people’s digital and physical connectivity is strong and striving enough to be
developed further.
The dependency on technology by human kind has
reached a new level that allows technology to
inflitrate in every layer of our dailiy life
modern cyborg

47 48
old street DATA EXPLORATIONIII. CITY OF NETWORK
OLD STREET DATA EXPLORATION:
IN BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL AND DIGITAL
Old Street is known as the Silicon roundabout of London, making it extremely pop-
ular for both digital and physical activities to take place. To better understand the
activates that take place at old street, we have mapped out the physical and digital
activities that take place throughout the week (17- 23 February 2017). In relation
to the physical events, the main activities considered in the data collection were:
food and drinks events, comedy events, musical events and cultural events. All of
the se¬lected events were also categorized based on the type of location: outdoor
location and indoor location. In specific, our data collection maps out the activities
and the number of people attending these activities throughout the week.
In terms of the digital activities, we use twitter as the digital platform and the main
consideration was the hashtag ‘#Oldstreet’. The tweets have interesting value for
our project as every tweet is embedded with geo-location tag that let us track the
location of where the tweets were tweeted. Therefore, technically we collected any
tweets from Old Street area from within the same period that contains the hashtag.
The data measured was then used to map out the digital activities specified as the
number of related tweets throughout the week and every two hours. The combi-
nation of both physical and digital data was then overlaid to give initial direction
towards scenarios where the project could take place in the area of Old Street neigh-
bourhood.
Visualisation of twitter data in Old Street.
Data taken from 17-23 February 2017 via www.keyhole.co
OLD STREEt’s tweets

49 50
old street PHYSICAL URBAN DATAIII. CITY OF NETWORK
Event places in around Old Street area during 17-23 February 2017.
Urban data is collected via www.skiddle.com and then connected
to Unity 3D Application through API protocol in a real time basis.
Final data visualization is generated via Unity3D.
physical world of old street
Illustration of the physical events data throughout the
week at Old Street area during 17-23 February 2017.
Data collected via www.skiddle.com
physical events in old street

51 48
old streetIII. CITY OF NETWORK
3D Scan showing private and public spaces in
Old Street where weekly events are held
EVENT PLACES IN OLD STREET
52
old street PHYSICAL URBAN DATAIII. CITY OF NETWORK

53 54
OLD STREET DIGITAL URBAN DATAI. SPACE OF FLOW
Twitter data from around Old Street area during 17-23 Febru-
ary 2017. Urban data is collected via www.keyhole.co and then
connected to Unity 3D Application through API protocol in a real
time basis. Final data visualization is generated via Unity3D.
digital world of old street

55 56
old street data explorationIII. CITY OF NETWORK
00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 24:00
Indoor
events
outdoor
events
Food &
Drinks
Music
Comedy
Education
Sport
Tour
Health
9%
18%
16%
14%
11%
11%
21%
29.3%
70.7%
Monday
Tuesday
Thursday
Wednesday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday Male
Female
185
POSTS
377. 115
impressions
322. 297
reach
151
users
Diagram drawing of the logic behind cross-analysing physical and digital
data in Old Street. All the events data is collected via www.skiddle.com
and twitter data is collected via www.keyhole.co
physical and digital data

57 58
old street data explorationIII. CITY OF NETWORK
These two buildings have totally different function
with different kind of typical activity. The five stories
building is a residential building and the nine stories
one is a commercial office building. Then, as the
buildings are separated by a relatively narrow public
road, the project can intervene with the space with-
out too much external constrains.
IDEAL TESTBED FOR THE PROJECT

Flexible surface made of
composite chainmail structure
printed with SLS material
FLEXIBLE/AUTOMATED/
composite
59 60
fabricating cybernetic spaceIv. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE
IV.
Negotiable enveLOPE:
The project advances from the idea of developing urban negotiation model physi-
cally with the aid of digital technology for the modern cyborg society. However, as
building envelope is chosen as the negotiable subject, material exploration becomes
a crucial aspect of the development. The project seeks to find material system that
could represent the everchanging digital flux that is happening in the digital world,
which at the same time influences our physical world. Technically, our material sys-
tem should be able to respond to changes in digital data and turn the data into dy-
namic physical spaces in accordance to real time fabrication data.
The study of flexible envelope was started by exploring different spaces created by
fabric made surface that is controllable and changeable. However, considering the
practical function of building envelope as a partition between inside and outside, it
is important to maintain key properties of ‘basic’ building envelope such as stable,
self-supporting and enclosing. Thus, in fabricating cybernetic spaces, thor¬ough ex-
ploration of different materials with different properties of temporariness, flexibility,
porosity and support system is conducted using a machinic approach. Therefore,
‘hack’, which defined as “a strategy or technique for managing one’s time or activ-
ities more efficiently” (Oxford Dictionaries | English, 2017) could also be a suitable
approach for the context. In The City of Tomorrow: Sensors, Networks, Hackers and
the future of Urban Life, Ratti and Claudel points out that in order to successfully
execute an ‘urban hacking’ some points should be examined: “what the site means;
second, how the hack appropriates the site; and third, how the hack transforms the
site to communicate a message to a broad public” (Ratti and Claudel, 2016, p.142).
Therefore, it is important to emphasize that in this project, hacking mass customiza-
tion is not understood as a way to over empowering society. In this context, hacking
and machinic approach is introduced in the process as way to open up the possibility
of mass customization of the envelope. Mass customization is required to fabricate
the output of the negotiation system in the city which might result in limitless form
of dynamic and intelligent building envelope.

Invention of Materials
FABRICATION APPROACH
IN FASHION INDUSTRY
3d printing inventions
and developments
Material
Experimentation
Electric Sewing Machine
First Sewing MachineFermented Fabric
Tyvek
Thomas Saint
Singer Corporation Nylon and Acrylics Spandex
Australia
Prada
After the second world war US
could no longer import silk and
cotton from Asia
The first sewing machine
was built during the first industrial
revolution. It was meant to sew
leather and canvas but the model
was never built
The early days of
fashion tecnology was more
about function than style.
The materials most likely
used were cotton,wool,silk
and leather. They began to
sew by hand, which involved
strong needle and threads
First electric
sewing machine
was intorduced
Nylon becames popular as
it was cheaper than silk
and more resistance to
tears and holes
More form fitting fabric
that more confortable
and long lasting
The first fabric was
made from grape fermant
Breathable membrane
that created an unusual
crafted clothing
1790
1889
1945
Early Years 1950’s 1970’s
2007
First
Exhibition
LOM
Selective
Laser
Sintering
‘SLS’
3D Systems
Art Works
3D Wax Printing
Z Printers
Next day service
3D Metal
Printer
Materials Fast and High quality
3D printed Furniture
At Home
3D printers
Multi-Material 3D printer 3D Printed Animated movie
MakerBot
First 3D Printed AircraftFirst Usable Prosthetic3D printing concept emerges
Different
printing
large scale
Helisys
Hideo Kodama and
Alan Herbert
Carl R.
Deckard
Chuck HullWyn Kelly Swainson
Masaki Fujuhata
Solidscape Incorporates
Z corporation
Materialise
AeroMat
Objet geometries
Mammoth STL
Envisiontec
Patric Jouin
Reprap project
Bespoke Innovation
Laika Animation
MakerBot Industries
University of Southampton
Ars Mathematica in
France organized a
first exibition for
computer sclptures
Helisys creates
laminated object
manufacturing
Innovate ideas to fuse
materials with lasers
A patent for
“using a laser to create
covalent cross-linking at
the surface of a liquid
monomer where the
object being
manufactured rested on
a tray that was gradually
lowered into a vat one
step at a time”
Chuck Hull patents
Stereolithography. He
develops a STL file
format, that allows for
3d files to be 3d
printed objects
First known 3D printed
artworks
A ink jet like printing, the
head moves across a bed
of powder depositing a
liquid binding material in
the shape of the section
Next day Service for 3D
printed objects onine
First 3D
printed metal
using laser
addictive
manufacturing
Objet geometries
produces the first 3d
printer that can print
both hard and soft
materials
Large scale
creation of 3D
objects in one piece
Envisiontec starts
manufacturing 3d parts
at high speeds without
scarificing the quality
French artist
creates a C1 chair
Multi-material printing that is
low cost and hackable
First useable prosthetic
with all body parts
The animation studio 3D
printed puppets
MakerBot industries
makes it more accessible
for individuals
First 3D printd aircraft was
created in 7 days
19891981
1986
1993
1977 1991 1994
1995
1997
1999
2000
2002
2005
2006
2008
2009
2011
3D Printed
Flexible Dress
Iris van Herpen
Iris van Herpen’s first
ever 3D printed flexible
dress
61 62
FABRICATION EVOLUTIONIv. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE
Data inspired from Museum of Art and Design, New York official
website: www.madmuseum.org
A MODERN FABRICATION Timeline
FABRICATION EVOLUTION:
THE ERA OF MASS CUSTOMIZATION

hacking the sewing machine
tension and compression / analogue and digital
63 64
hacking the sewing machineIv. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE
On the attempt of creating flexibility and temporariness in fabric-made
space, we begin to explore the ‘traditional’ way people use to fabricate things from
fabric. Historically, fabric-related fabrication techniques have evolved several times
in relation to the latest development in technology. From hand stitching to sewing
machine, the tools have gone from analogue to digital.
Digital properties that sewing machine has is the key to our exploration in hacking
the tool. Exploring on the bridge between digital and analogue, it is crucial for us to
find a way to connect data flux into a mechanical system in order to reconfigure and
recode the fabrication process.
Sewing machine shows how people
transform the way of fabricating things
by combining digital method into an analogue tool
ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL:
A NEW WAY OF FABRICATING

THREAD GUIDE
used when winding the thread
onto the bobbin and then
threading the machine
THREAD TAKE UP LEVEL
UPPER TENSION-
CONTROL DIAL
controls the tension of the
upper thread
PRESSER FOOT
PRESSER FOOT LEVER
used to raise and lower the
presser foot
65 66
hacking the sewing machineIv. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE
BOBBIN WINDER
winds the thread onto the bobbin
for use as the lower thread
SPOOL PIN
holds the spool of thread
REVERSE SEWING LEVER
lever to stitch in the reverse
direction
PATTERN SELECTION DIAL
dial rotator to choose stitching
style
HANDWHEEL
used to manually raise and lower
the needle
MAIN POWER SOCKET
MOTOR
rotate the interconnected gears
to run the machine
Brother Sewing Machine compact
free arms - LS14
THE ANATOMY

fabricating composite material
67 68
FABRICATION MACHINE #1Iv. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE
The exploration of the material study began with fabrics and how fabrics work, in
this case were spandex and polyester, which could be controlled and changed by
their an¬chor points and they were made by the sewing machine. This translated
into the idea of ‘hacking’ the sewing machine.
The exploration on the idea of temporariness and flexibility of spaces was started by
an exploration on flexible material such as fabric. However, the fact that the fabrics
could not support itself and required an external support system makes it less ideal
to be developed into a building envelope. Thread, the common material used to cre-
ate tension and compression to fabric does not have an adequate strength property
therefore has very limited advantages in creating spaces. Consequently, we contin-
ued the exploration by considering the idea of creating flexibility using rigid and stiff
material. Thus, the idea of hacking the sewing machine led to an explora¬tion on
another material which is the filament. Therefore, during this stage, the sewing ma-
chine is hacked by replacing the needle with printing component from 3D printer to
print surfaces from filament by using technique of the sewing machine.

#2
69 70
FABRICATION MACHINE #1Iv. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE

Fabrication machine part 2 generate surfaces by printing chainmails
structure made of composite materials based on the filtered mixture of
event-twitter urban data. The machine operates in real-time based in
sensing the data and fabricating the materials
71 72
FABRICATION MACHINE #2IV. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE

crafting intellegency
a geometry study
73 74
crafting intellegencyIV. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE
Reflecting back to the basic concept of Third Industrial Revolution theo-
ry by Jeremy Rifkin, in the idea of lateral power, every single element de-
fines lateralization itself. Therefore, the concept of composite material
developed, where the surface is made up of several parts or elements.
These small elements are metaphorically connected to lateral power.
Furthermore, more than the metaphor itself, it is important to create a
surface system that could be controlled and changed in general by only
controlling or changing one piece of the material that forms the surface.
Therefore, we started exploring with the idea of creating surfaces by in-
terlocking composite materials. This would allow for the material to be
flexible at the same time creates temporariness. The concept of a com-
posite material is interesting, tension at one point of the material will
allow for the material to create an interesting space and a form. Finally,
the composite material permits the surface to be flexible and the space
to be temporary and also portrays the idea of lateral power at the same
time.
Flexible surface made by interlocking chainmail and each
chainmail is a representation of lateral power
flexible surface

Octagonal:
basic shape of 8 edges chainmail
HEXAGON:
SQUARE:
single chanmail piece
with 8 knots and 4 interlocking sides
75 76
octagonal
interlocking system
hexagonal
interlocking system
square
interlocking system
Geometry study shows how different arrangements of geometry pieces
could create different chainmail structures. The study includes exploration
on how each piece connects to other pieces and how good is the overall
performance of the chainmail surfaces they created in term of density and
strength
CHAINMAIL STRUCTURE: GEOMETRY EXPLORATION

Square Chainmail Surface explanation diagram
square CHAINMAIL SURFACE
A surface made of interlocking square-shape chainmails
square CHAINMAIL SURFACE
77 78

3D Square Chainmail Surface explanation diagram
3d square CHAINMAIL SURFACE
A surface made of interlocking 3D square-shape chainmails
3d squared CHAINMAIL SURFACE
79 80

variation 1 variation 2 variation 3
3D chainmails are developed in variations based on the square geometry
on 2D chainmails. The variations range from cube to sphere and the other
volumetric shape in between them
2d to 3d chainmails arc structure
81 82

Interlocking points and pattern in ircular chainmail
surface explained in diagram
CIRCULAR CHAINMAIL SURFACE
A surface made of interlocking sphere-shape chainmails
CIRCULAR CHAINMAIL SURFACE
83 84

FABRICATING DYNAMIC SPACE
The hacking of sewing machine begin with the exploration on spaces being enclosed
by dynamic fabric surface. By connecting the rotor that controls the needle to Ar-
duino, the mechanism of the sewing machine is controllable and changeable via the
computer. Following, an order to create the composite material, digital sewing ma-
chine was hacked and combined with portable 3D printer. This allowed for filament
to be printed instead of thread, to create surfaces that replaces fabric.
The concept of combining the composite surface with the tensile structure would
allow a more controllable and changeable composite surface to create different
spaces in a more dynamic way. Technically, this machine uses hook that behaves
as anchor points which con move the composite surface according to the data re-
ceived. The compression and the tension of the surface allows for different spaces
and forms to be created.
Fabrication machine part 3 generates spaces by putting tensions
in different and customizable points along the printed composite
surfaces. The points are varied based on different kind of activities
demanded by the users in a real-time basis
85 86

87 88

Fabrication machine part 3 generates spaces by putting tensions
in different and customizable points along the printed composite
surfaces. The points are varied based on different kind of activi-
ties demanded by the users in a real-time basis
89 90

Illustration of the data points of the surface
surface to space
Space configurations made of interlocking sphere-shape
chainmails surfaces with additional locking system support
SURFACE TO SPACE
91 92

surface to space
SURFACE TO SPACE
93 94

surface to space
SURFACE TO SPACE
95 96

chainmails surfaces with additional locking system
support
SURFACE TO SPACE
SURFACE TO SPACE
97 98

Locking system is introduced to add stablity into the flexible surface.
external Locking system
99 100
LOCKING SYSTEMIV. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE

101 102
SELF SUPPORTING STRUCTUREIV. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE
Flexible surface made of composite chainmail structure
printed with SLS material
FLEXIBLE/AUTOMATED composite
Flexible surface made of composite chainmail struc-
ture printed with SLS material supported with locking
system is proved to be more stable. The surface is then
able to stand on its own.
SELF SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

71 72
crafting flexibilityIv. urban hacking
chainmails surfaces with additional locking system
support
SELF SUPPORTING BUILDING ENVELOPE
103 104
SELF SUPPORTING STRUCTUREIV. NEGOTIABLE ENVELOPE

105 106
the logic of the environmentV. NEGOTIATING NATURE
Sensing study explores the usage of various sensors combined
with several coding and script process to simulate on how the
surface should react to different kind of sun light data in a real
time basis
SENSING THE ENVIRONMENT
v.
NEGOTIATING NATURE:
When a city is dismantled thoroughly, its basic composition is nothing more than
two, one is the natural flows and another one is the envelope (Shepard, 2011). The
natural flows might include behaviours of people, animals, plants, sunlight, air, wa-
ter, and information, which circulating in their own ways. They may influent and
negotiate with one another, but they all channelled by the cities envelopes.
The interlocked composites were able to form a flexible self-supporting surface which
supports the idea of negotiable boundaries for people. Urban data obtained through
digital network could affect the surface’s morphology to form many type of dynamic
spaces in real time basis through a series of calculation. However, it is important to
note that building envelope is more than a separator between spaces thus its envi-
ronmental impact should be taken into careful consideration. Envelopes in the city
include the envelopes covering buildings and the envelopes between buildings. The
envelope formed by building facade often has more impact on the internal space of
the building, and the building between the envelopes plays bigger role in creating
microclimates in urban spaces.
Therefore, environment is considered as one of the key players in the negotiation
model. However, considering the great complexity of natural flow, environmen-
tal condition in this project is only limited into sun light data, specifically sun light
hour data which would influence the thermal performance of the spaces enclosed
by the envelopes. Technically, regardless the shape of the dynamic envelope, suffi-
cient lighting must be provided to each building. By the simulation in eco-tech and
grasshopper, according to the daily sun height angle in London, the surface of the
material will change, allowing different densities of the envelope to meet the needs
of adequate lighting. Finally, the end product of the whole system would be deter-
mined by a dynamic mix of citizen’s interest controlled by their own negotiation and
environmental requirement.

ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR
learning from the nature
107 108
environmental behaviourv. negotiating nature
The negotiation process in this project is divided into two parts. The first part of the
negotiation process involves active elements of the city which are the public sphere
and the private sphere. The final product of the first interface system would be the
total area that has to be provided in the new space generated by the envelope.
Then, the end product of the first negotiation process would be considered as a new
input for the second negotiation process involving environment data. Technically, at
this stage, the environmental requirement would be the embedded intelligence that
influence the final shape of the envelope to assure that the newly formed space has
good lighting and thermal performance.
However, as the environment data is not set to influence the form of the envelope,
environmental requirement is reached by adjusting the outer skin of the surface in
the form of material density and rotation. Interlocked composite forming the surface
would be rotated or scaled down according to its technical capability in order to
provide adequate openings required by ideal sun light hour. In the design process,
sensing experiment is conducted to see how natural object such as flower responds
to sun light as a base design logic for the envelope surface design.
Sensing study explores the usage of various sensors combined
with several coding and script process to simulate on how the
surface should react to different kind of sun light data in a real
time basis
sensing the environment

Sensing machine build with light sensors combined
several coding techniques using arduino platform
THE GARDEN: SENSING MACHINE #1
109 110
SENSING MACHINE #1v. negotiating nature
Sensing machine build with light sensors combined
several coding techniques using arduino platform
THE GARDEN: SENSING MACHINE #1

Metaphorically representation of a garden being the data
and the flower being digital output. The flower is controlled
by the garden, in relation to opening and closing, changing
the color and the size
Representataion of a garden
111 112
the flower gardenv. negotiating nature

113 114
The flower changing its shape and
colour according to the data received
by The Garden
CUSTOMIZED Flower CUSTOMIZED Flower
The flower changing its shape and
colour according to the data received
by The Garden
the flower gardenv. negotiating nature

MATERIAL INTELLEGENCE
CODING AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
115 116
In regulating how the surface should adjust its density, technical limitation of the
interlocked composite has become one of the most important aspect to consider.
In specific, the thickness of one element influences the maximum distance for each
composite when the overall surface is rotated. Furthermore, the distance influences
maximum degree for the surface rotation. Finally, the degree of rotation influences
how much sun light could enter into the building.
Therefore, detailed material study is conducted to form a specific material system
that could be used as a base for coding the artificial intelligence embedded in the
surface to ensure that the negotiation model with environment could result in a
high-performance building envelope.
The drawing represent the dynamic of environment data
and how the surface should be flexible enough to react to
it on a real time basis
material reaction to environment data
material intellegencev. negotiating nature

117 118
material rotation systemv. negotiating nature
Technically, as the surface is made by interlocked composite
material, each piece of the envelope surface could respond
to certain data by rotating in a certain degree to create
opening area. The diagram on the right corner shows total
opening area can be formed by different degree of rotations
on various chainmail surfaces with different thickness.
MATERIAL ROTATION SYSTEM

119 120
Technically, as the surface is made by interlocked composite
material, each piece of the envelope surface could respond
to certain data by rotating in a certain degree to create
opening area.
MATERIAL ROTATION SYSTEM
material rotation systemv. negotiating nature

121 122
sun light hour simulationv. negotiating nature
Diagram showing total sunlight hour the two envelopes can
get in total throughout their surface during one particular
sun position in a day.
SUNlight hour diagram
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 10h
ENVELOPE 1 ENVELOPE 2
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 27h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 22h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 34h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 21h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 12h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 10h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 16h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 34h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 32h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 32h
Year: 2016
Date: 6th July
Sunlight hours: 33h

123 124
controllable and changeable envelopev. negotiating nature
The surface is fabricated into 3-dimensional structural surface that
started to form space when it is locked in certain points.
3d square surface
3D SQUARE SURFACE
STRUCTURE LOCKING

125 126
v. negotiating nature
The project envisions the envelope as a dynamic tool that can
accommodate different needs in the city. Therefore, to let it func-
tion more than just as building façade, the surface with its locking
system is developed to enable it to form an enclosed space.
3d sphere surface
3D sphere SURFACE
STRUCTURE + surface
LOCKING
controllable and changeable envelope

127 128
ARE WE CYBORG?I. SPACE OF FLOW

129 130
urban hacking by the cyborg societyVI. Futurecraft
Finally, negotiation system plays a vital role in this project. Under the concept of
negotiation, the project is able to provide an open platform for the citizen using
the most accessible means of communication today, digital network, to manipulate
physical urban spaces in their surroundings. The entanglement of technology in the
project’s negotiation and fabrication system has bridge our existence in physical and
digital world. Moreover, together with the materiality and structural intelligence of
the surface the material system in this project’s negotiation system is able to trans-
form an abstract cybernetic flux into materialized spaces.
Formerly, by applying negotiation system into the process, the project manages to
show some values of democracy the potential to prevent power in society. Finally,
the environment in the negotiation system has a final filter that will lead to maxi-
mum environmental performance of the newly formed spaces.
Urban space in the city is the construction of the layout of streets, plazas, com-
mercial buildings, private residential buildings and other different spaces occupied
by the people. Every day, conflict between public and private space is happening
throughout the city as a result of irrational use of urban space. However, in the
digital age today, technology has changed the way people live and work, therefore,
could also potentially used as a tool to redesign urban spaces in the city.
By redesigning urban envelope as a dynamic and negotiable boundary, conventional
limitation of urban space in the city could be reconsidered. Through negotiation,
coordination of space between public and private is coordinated by different de-
mands. Thus, beyond its function as a separator, building envelope is reinvented as
a negotiable boundary. Therefore, eventually, in an urban level, building envelope
regulation is rethought as a dynamic tool to reshape the city.
vi.
futurEMAKING:
urban hacking by the cyborg society

131 132
interactive model #1vi. futureMAKING
Interactive model #1 design is based on 3 simple pulley sistems that
are put on a rack and connected to 3 acrylic sticks by thread. The
pulleys are connected to 3 set of mini servo motors to control and
change the thread rolls that then would change the distance of the
sticks relative to the rack.
INTERACTIVE MODEL #1
input 1
input 2
input 3

133 134
interactive model #2vi. futureMAKING
Interactive model #2 design is based on 3 simple pulley sistems
that are put separately in an even distance on a circular table. The
pulleys are connected to 3 set of mini servo motors to control and
change the thread rolls that then would change the distance of the
sticks relative to the rack. The servos are controllable via ardunio
that is connected to digital model in grasshopper.
INTERACTIVE MODEL #2

135 136
urban negotiation modelvi. futureMAKING
Interactive table #3 design is based on 12 simple pulley sistems that
are grouped on 3 different Interactive Models. The pulleys are con-
nected to servo motors to control and change the thread rolls that
then would change the distance of the sticks relative to the rack.
The servos are controllable via ardunio that is connected to light
sensors on the table. The light sensors reacts to the the way people
play with the sliding platform along the table side.
INTERACTIVE TABLE #3

137 138
urban negotiation modelvi. futureMAKING
interactive model table
SLIDING PANEL
[fibonnaci number pattern based]
TABLE PLATFORm detail
INTERACTIVE MODEL DETAIL
Interactive table #3 design is based on 12 simple pulley sistems that
are grouped on 3 different Interactive Models. The pulleys are con-
nected to servo motors to control and change the thread rolls that
then would change the distance of the sticks relative to the rack.
The servos are controllable via ardunio that is connected to light
sensors on the table. The light sensors reacts to the the way people
play with the sliding platform along the table side.
INTERACTIVE TABLE #3

139 140
URBAN NEGOTIATION MODELV. FUTUREMAKING
By rethinking building envelope from a static border into
a dynamic and negotiable boundary, city dwellers from both the
private sphere and public sphere could regain the power to
redesign their city by customizing their urban space through a fair,
open and transparent negotiation system
with the aid of technology.
URBAN NEGOTIATION IN THE CITY

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Final masters portfolio