teori perencanaan

1. PL 4261 Teori Perencanaan
Communicative Planning

2. Quiz
• Apa perbedaan antara Teori Communicative
action versi Habermas dan Forester?
• Siapa pendukung interpretasi Habermas
dalam Teori perencanaan?
• Apakah adanya rasionalitas komunikatif akan
mengubah cara berpikir obyektif yang selama
ini digunakan dalam synopsis planning?
Jelaskan

3. Planning is about alternatives
From
• Material analysis of options
to local economies exposed
to global capitalism
• Not Process oriented
• Assumption what is good
and bad?
To
• Consciousness, community
and ‘placeness’
• Communicative dimensions
of collectively debating and
deciding on matters of
collective concerns

4. From Modern
• Freed individuals from intellectual
tyranny of religious faith and from
the political tyranny of despots
• Democratic association to manage
their collective affairs
• Application of scientific knowledge
and reason to human affairs
• Modern planning links to concept
of democracy and progress
• Mannheim: progressive forces for
economic and social development
coexist with democracy and
capitalism
To Post Modern
• Reject the idea of
systematic reasoning
• Morre Milroy:
– Deconstructive: questioning
conventional beliefs;
– antifoundationalist (universal
as the bases of truth)
– Nondualistics (no subjectivity
vs objectivity, truth vs
opinions)
– Encouraging plurality and
difference

5. Prinsip dasar Communicative Planning:
• Semua bentuk pengetahuan dibentuk secara sosial – sekalipun saintifik
dan teknikal tidak berbeda jauh dgn ‘practical reasoning’
• Pengetahuan berkomunikasi memiliki beberapa bentuk: analisis
tersistematis, storytellying, expressive statement, gambar dll
• Individu tidak menemukan preferensinya yg terbebas dari konteks
sosial dan interaksinya
• Bergeser dari bargaining bersifat kompetitif kepada yg consensus
building yg kolaboratif

6. Communicative Planning
• It calls for processes of interaction between individuals or
heterogenous institutions.
• Bring more politics into planning
• A plan is a means to provide a communication structure
within which citizens could engage in rational political
will shaping, based on substantive rationality (Van
Gusteren1972).
• Emphasize participation as a value in itself
• It aims at changing the society
• Did not separate planning from politics

7. Rational Planning
• Participation is not an issue, not a central role
• Participation follows existing formal procedures 
providing info and reacting
• Communication developed from expert to DM
• Planners are technical professionals serving
society from a planning agency which has
considerable control
• Technical, scientific orientation highlights
effectiveness and causality rather than
communicative logic
• Assumes: causal theory is sufficiently developed
to permit prediction and effective instrumental
knowledge
• Through empirical analysis gives planning an
effective strategy to reach policy goals which are
considered to be for the good of the community
Communicative Planning
• Extensive
• Intersubjective
• Negotiator, facilitator
• Fragmented or disper

8. Perbedaan antara Rational Planning dan
Communicative Planning
• Once we recognize planning practice as communicative and argumentative, we can reassess several
organizational problems that planners face.
• It becomes clear now that problems will be solved
– not solely by technical experts but also by pooling expertise and nonprofessional contributions too;
– not just by formal procedure. But also by informal consultation and involvement;
– not predominanty by strict reliance on data bases, but also by careful use of trusted resources, contacts and
friends;
– not mainly through formally rational management procedures, but through internal and external politics
and the development of a working consensus;
– not by solving and engineering equation, but by complementing technical performance with political
sophistication, support building, liaison work – all this organizing – and finally, intuition and luck.
• Only in the most routine cases will future oriented planning problems be resolved by a technical
planner acting alone (Forester, 1989: 152).

9. Rasionalitas communicative
• From individual subject – object conception of
reasons to reasoning informed by
intersubjectivity of reasoning
• Practical reasoning, expansion of reasons from
the reason of logics to all the ways we come to
understand and know things and use that
knowledge in acting.
– Fundamentalism and nihilism
– Reason as historically situated : intersubjectivity
mutual understanding
– Knowledge claims: are validated through action

10. Theory in Action -- Theory of Practice
• Knowledge for action
• Principle of action
• Ways of acting
• Escapes the confine of rational scientific
principles to include varying systems of
morality and culturally specific tradition of
expressive aesthetic experience.

11. Criticism
• Holding on to reasons, retains very sources of
modernity’s domination potential
• Consentual positions can be arrived at, while
contemporary social relations (gender, age,
race, culture) can only be resolved by power
struggle bewteen conflicting forces