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INVALIDITY SEARCH REPORT – 7,254,119
Subject Patent: US 7,254,119
Claim of Interest: 1
Priority Date: May 28, 2003
Results Index
Claim Mapping: Result 1 .......................................................................................................................... 4
Claim Mapping: Result 4 ........................................................................................................................ 10

Keywords:
Wireless wide area network, WWAN, Code division multiple access, CDMA, IEEE 802.1x,
interconnect, Combined, alliance, together, mobile, PDA, computer, Cell phone, Wireless device
Search Strategies
S. No. Key Strings
1 ALL=(((WWAN OR (wireless NEAR2 wide NEAR2 area NEAR2
network) OR CDMA OR (code NEAR2 division NEAR2 Multiple NEAR2
access)) NEAR15 (WLAN OR (Wireless NEAR2 local NEAR2 area
NEAR2 network) OR IEEE)) NEAR10 (interconnect* OR (inter NEAR2
connect*3) OR Combined OR Coupled OR alliance OR together)) AND
(PRD>=(19900101) AND PRD<=(20030528)) AND PRC=(US) AND
AIOE=(H04W* OR H04L* OR H04M*);
2 ALL=((WWAN OR (wireless NEAR2 wide NEAR2 area NEAR2 network)
OR CDMA OR (code NEAR2 division NEAR2 Multiple NEAR2 access))
NEAR15 (WLAN OR (Wireless NEAR2 local NEAR2 area NEAR2 network)
OR IEEE)) AND (PRD>=(19900101) AND PRD<=(20030528)) AND
UC=(370/328 OR 370/338 OR 370/352 OR 370/400) AND PRC=(US);
EC=( T04W008404 OR T04W008412) AND PRC=(US);
EC=( T04W008404 OR T04W008412) AND PRC=(US);
Novelty determination & File wrapper review:
Novelty was determined based on specification and file wrapper analysis. The
novelty point was determined by the argument made by applicant against the office
action dated January 3, 2002. The argument was made against U.S. Patent No.
5,870,432 in which the applicant said “Kerchove fails to disclose the claimed
invention because nothing in Kerchove teaches comparing the set of eigenvalues to

threshold values characterizing an acceptable transfer function of a transmission
line.

Claim Mapping: Result 1
US 7,254,119 US 20040125812
Interworking mechanism between
CDMA2000 and WLAN
Adapter For Internetworking WWAN and WLAN
March 28, 2003 December 25, 2002
1. A wireless communication
system, comprising: a wireless
wide area network (WWAN)
having base transceiver stations
spatially distributed to
communicate with mobile
communication devices via
WWAN radio links, base station
controllers each coupled to a
plurality of base transceiver
stations, and a data
communication system
comprising (1) packet control
function devices respectively
connected to said base station
controllers to transmit data
packets to and from the mobile
communication devices via said
base transceiver stations, and (2)
a packet data serving node
connected to said packet control
function devices and a packet
data network to provide packet
data services to the mobile
communication devices;
Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an adapter
16 for internetworking the WLAN 14 and the WWAN 10. The
adapter 16 is capable of being set up in the mobile WWLAN, such as
in buses, airplanes, trains, and other large vehicles. The adapter is
equivalent to an access point capable of transmitting and receiving
data in the WLAN 14, and the specification of the data flow in the
WWLAN 14 has to conform to an IEEE 802.11a/b/g specification.
There are a plurality of mobile clients 18, such as passengers with
mobile communication apparatus in large vehicles. The mobile
clients 18 can connect to the WLAN 14 anywhere and anytime in the
vehicles. The adapter 16 according to the present invention in the
vehicles is not only an access point in the WLAN 14 but is also
capable of internetworking the WLAN 14 and the WWAN 10. There
are a plurality of radio ports 12 (RPs) for connecting the WWAN 10
and the adapter 16. The radio ports 12 can communicate with a radio
port controller unit (RPCU), which controls the radio ports 12,
receives signals from the radio ports 12, transmits the signals to the
radio ports 12, and is capable of associating with the radio ports in
the WWAN 10. In FIG. 1, the data transmission in the WWAN 10
can be achieved by a satellite system and the format of the data
transmission has to conform to the standard specification of the
WWAN, such as GSM, GPRS, and 3G specifications. In addition,
the radio port controller unit 12 connects to a widespread
communication network, like the internet, the telephone network,
and so on.
(see page 2, paragraph 17)
a wireless local area network
(WLAN) having at least one
access point (AP) that
communicates with a mobile
communication device located
in an access area via WLAN
radio links, and an access point
gateway connected between said
AP and said packet data serving
node to allow for continuity of a
packet data service to said
mobile communication device
by switching a packet data
service connection for said
between said WLAN and said
WWAN;
Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an adapter
16 for internetworking the WLAN 14 and the WWAN 10. The
adapter 16 is capable of being set up in the mobile WWLAN, such as
in buses, airplanes, trains, and other large vehicles. The adapter is
equivalent to an access point capable of transmitting and receiving
data in the WLAN 14, and the specification of the data flow in the
WWLAN 14 has to conform to an IEEE 802.11a/b/g specification.
There are a plurality of mobile clients 18, such as passengers with
mobile communication apparatus in large vehicles. The mobile
clients 18 can connect to the WLAN 14 anywhere and anytime in the
vehicles. The adapter 16 according to the present invention in the
vehicles is not only an access point in the WLAN 14 but is also
capable of internetworking the WLAN 14 and the WWAN 10. There
are a plurality of radio ports 12 (RPs) for connecting the WWAN 10
and the adapter 16. The radio ports 12 can communicate with a radio
port controller unit (RPCU), which controls the radio ports 12,
receives signals from the radio ports 12, transmits the signals to the
radio ports 12, and is capable of associating with the radio ports in

the WWAN 10. In FIG. 1, the data transmission in the WWAN 10
can be achieved by a satellite system and the format of the data
transmission has to conform to the standard specification of the
WWAN, such as GSM, GPRS, and 3G specifications. In addition,
the radio port controller unit 12 connects to a widespread
communication network, like the internet, the telephone network,
and so on.
and a mechanism for
authentication, authorization,
and accounting (AAA) common
to said WWAN and said
WLAN.
---

US 7,254,119 US 7,782,848
CDMA2000 and WLAN
Method and apparatus for converging local area and wide area wireless
data networks
March 28, 2003 June 18, 2001
1. A wireless communication system,
comprising: a wireless wide area
network (WWAN) having base
transceiver stations spatially
distributed to communicate with
mobile communication devices via
controllers each coupled to a plurality
of base transceiver stations, and a data
communication system comprising (1)
packet control function devices
respectively connected to said base
station controllers to transmit data
communication devices via said base
transceiver stations, and (2) a packet
data serving node connected to said
packet control function devices and a
packet data network to provide packet
Session integration is another level or type of integration
between the LAN and the WAN. Through this level of
integration, seamless connectivity can be provided as a user
moves from one network to the other. In other words, the user
maintains a session, no matter what access mechanism he is
using. A dual mode terminal that can dynamically switch
between the two air interfaces can be used to provide session
integration.
(see column 5, lines 25 to 30)
The 2.5 G GPRS network 8 architecture is typically managed
by a cellular operator such as, e.g., AT&T Wireless. This
network can support voice as well as data transactions. Mobile
stations (MS) 10, which are also described herein as wireless
client devices (such as, e.g., laptops, cell phones or PDAs with
a GPRS NIC), connect to a base station (BS) 12. Multiple base
stations 12 connect into a base station controller (BSC) 14.
Voice traffic is sent from the BSC 14 to the Mobile Switching
Center (MSC) 16. A Packet Control Unit (PCU) installed at the
BSC 14 separates out data traffic coming from the MS 10. The
data traffic is managed by the cellular operator's wireless data
network. More, specifically, the data traffic goes to a SGSN
(Serving GPRS Service Node) 18. A carrier's network typically
has multiple SGSNs. The SGSNs authenticate mobile users by
querying an HLR 20 (Home Location Register) database. The
SGSN 18 is also responsible for managing traffic, and it routes
data traffic over the carrier's GPRS network to a Gateway
GPRS Service Node (GGSN) 22. The GGSN 22 is a border
router which routes traffic to and from the GPRS network into
the public Internet. As a user moves across cells, the user
becomes associated with different SGSNs. The SGSNs are
responsible for managing the mobility of the user. FIG. 1
shows specific interfaces between different elements of the
WAN network 8. These interfaces are defined by the GPRS
standard published by the ETSI and the 3GPP.
The lower portion of FIG. 1 shows the network architecture
for local wireless LANs 24 deployed, e.g., in hot spot locations.
As mentioned earlier, hotspots can be deployed at various
locations such as, e.g., at airports, convention centers, and in
the local coffee shops. Hotspots can be classified into two
general categories: mini hotspots and mega hotspots. A mini
hotspot is a relatively small deployment such as, e.g., in a

coffee shop. A mini hot spot deployment typically comprises a
single wireless LAN 802.11 based access point (AP) 26 and
provides connectivity into the Internet typically over a DSL,
T1, or a leased line. A mega hotspot is a deployment that
supports a set of access points and covers a moderate sized
area such as, e.g., a convention center. Such a deployment
typically has multiple APs connected through Ethernet
switches and a router to the public Internet typically over a T1
or a leased line.
a wireless local area network (WLAN)
having at least one access point (AP)
that communicates with a mobile
communication device located in an
access area via WLAN radio links, and
an access point gateway connected
between said AP and said packet data
serving node to allow for continuity of
a packet data service to said mobile
communication device by switching a
packet data service connection for said
WWAN;
The lower portion of FIG. 1 shows the network architecture
for local wireless LANs 24 deployed, e.g., in hot spot locations.
As mentioned earlier, hotspots can be deployed at various
locations such as, e.g., at airports, convention centers, and in
the local coffee shops. Hotspots can be classified into two
general categories: mini hotspots and mega hotspots. A mini
hotspot is a relatively small deployment such as, e.g., in a
coffee shop. A mini hot spot deployment typically comprises a
single wireless LAN 802.11 based access point (AP) 26 and
provides connectivity into the Internet typically over a DSL,
T1, or a leased line. A mega hotspot is a deployment that
supports a set of access points and covers a moderate sized
area such as, e.g., a convention center. Such a deployment
typically has multiple APs connected through Ethernet
switches and a router to the public Internet typically over a T1
or a leased line.
and a mechanism for authentication,
authorization, and accounting (AAA)
common to said WWAN and said
WLAN.
One component of the AAA integration functionality is
integrating billing information. Carriers can support an `all you
can eat` type of billing model for hotspot usage, where the user
is charged a flat fee and can access any amount of data. In this
case, there is no special need to measure actual data usage.
However, if the carrier is interested in determining the actual
amount of data used, the type of service used, or duration, the
CWG client can be enhanced to collect some of the billing
information. Since the data may not all flow from the CWG,
the client can measure this information. This information can
be obtained by reading the packets transferred at the network
interface. The traffic that flows through the actual carrier's
network can be metered by the SGSN as normal GPRS traffic.

US 7,254,119 US 7,356,015
CDMA2000 and WLAN
Data handoff method between wireless local area network and wireless wide area
network
March 28, 2003 May 02, 2003
The approach provides a mechanism seamlessly hand over a TCP-
based data connection from a WLAN to a WWAN (or carrier
cellular data network) and from a WWAN to a WLAN
The approach supports data roaming that is not based on Mobile IP,
and therefore does not necessarily assume that the mobile device has
a permanent IP address with which it can be reached anywhere.
Data handoff service can be accomplished in a loosely coupled
manner without requiring a tight integration with the carrier
network.
WWAN;
In a baseline network of a type described in the provisional patent
application titled "Method of Seamless Roaming Between Wi-Fi
Network and Cellular Network," when a subscriber with a dual
mode mobile device is in a building controlled by the Cellular
Controller, the device's default operation will be the 802.11 mode
and therefore the cellular radio of the mobile device will be turned
off. The Cellular Controller creates a proxy for the user's mobile
device in the cellular carrier's network. This proxy authenticates the
user on the cellular carrier's network and then sends and receives
calls and data messages to and from the cellular carrier's network on
behalf of the user. The Cellular Controller works with the Control
Server in the enterprise's LAN to locate the user in the building and
to determine which 802.11 Access Point is serving the user.
When the Cellular Controller receives a voice call from the cellular
carrier network that is destined for a mobile device it is proxying for,
it uses the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-based voice over IP
(VoIP) to forward the call via the corporate LAN to the mobile

device. Similarly, voice and data messages that originate at the mobile
device operating in 802.11 WLAN mode use SIP to set up a call to
the Cellular Controller, if it is intended to be transmitted out of the
building over the cellular carrier's network. The device then uses
VoIP over WLAN to transmit the voice packets over the wireless
LAN infrastructure where it is received by the Access Point and
forwarded to the Cellular Controller over the wired LAN
infrastructure. The Cellular Controller converts the packet into the
right format for transmission over the cellular network.
and a mechanism for
WLAN.
---

US 7,254,119 US 20040133806
CDMA2000 and WLAN
Integration of a Wireless Local Area Network and a Packet Data Network
March 28, 2003 October 10, 2002
having base transceiver
stations spatially distributed
to communicate with mobile
WWAN radio links, base
station controllers each
coupled to a plurality of base
transceiver stations, and a
data communication system
connected to said base
station controllers to transmit
data packets to and from the
mobile communication
devices via said base
transceiver stations, and (2) a
packet data serving node
connected to said packet
control function devices and
a packet data network to
provide packet data services
to the mobile communication
devices;
[0031] Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which is flow chart that shows
a method for integrating the WLAN 202 and the 3G WWAN 201 in
accordance to the invention and further to FIG. 3, which is a signal flow
diagram illustrating a flow of messages for integrating the WLAN 202
and a 3G WWAN 201 in accordance to the invention.
[0028] Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which illustrates a Multiple
Access Environment 200 that integrates a Wireless Local Area Network
(WLAN) 202 and a Third Generation (3G) Wireless Wide Area Network
(WWAN) 201 in accordance to the invention. The 3G WWAN 201 is a
packet data network such as for example a Code Division Multiple
Access 2000 (CDMA2000) network. In the Multi Access Environment
200, a terminal 204 may roam back and forth from the WLAN 202 to
the 3G WWAN 201 and vice versa. The terminal 204 is registered in the
3G WWAN 201 and operable in both the WLAN 202 and in the 3G
WWAN 201. The terminal 204 can be for example a mobile telephone, a
Personal Data Application (PDA), a laptop computer or desktop
computer equipped with an access card. It is assumed that the terminal
204 is Simple IP capable and Mobile IP capable. Mobile IP and Simple
IP access are well known in the art and are defined by Third Partnership
Project 2 (3GPP2) standards.
(see page 2, paragraph 2 and 3)
communication device
located in an access area via
WLAN radio links, and an
access point gateway
connected between said AP
and said packet data serving
node to allow for continuity
of a packet data service to
said mobile communication
device by switching a packet
data service connection for
said mobile communication
[0013] sending a Service Request message from a terminal to an Access
Point (AP);
[0029] The terminal 204 is granted access to the WLAN 202 via at least
one of possibly many APs 206. The AP 206 acts as an authenticator for
the terminal 204 in the WLAN 202. The AP 206 is responsible for
receiving signals from the terminal 204 and sending signals to the
terminal 204 on an Internet Protocol (IP) connection over an air
interface. The AP 206 is connected via an IP connection 218 to a
WLAN Serving Node (WSN) 208, which comprises a Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) proxy capability 209 for
access control and charging purposes that is connected via 230 with a
RADIUS client 215 for sending RADIUS messages. The WSN 208 can
be used as a gateway responsible for managing IP services and for
maintaining session information for the terminal 204. The invention
supports basic RADIUS accounting requirements as defined in Internet

device between said WLAN
and said WWAN;
Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 2138, which is included herewith
by reference.
(see page 2, paragraph 13 and 29)
and a mechanism for
and accounting (AAA)
common to said WWAN and
said WLAN.
[0035] However, if the terminal 204 is authorized the H-AAA 210
responds to the RADIUS Authentication Request message 412 with a
RADIUS Accept Response message 414 (step 336). Upon reception of
the message 414, the WSN 208 starts counters for accounting for the IP
session (step 340) and may send this information to the H-AAA 210. At
step 344, this information is sent to the H-AAA 210 based on a common
single billing scheme that cover all access types (WLAN and 3G
WWAN). The Multi-Access Environment 200 allows operators and/or
users to configure their subscription with either different or common
billing schemes, depending on the access type used (WLAN or 3G
WWAN). Consequently, the billing may be based on time, duration, and
volume of packet data downloaded or destination type.

US 7,254,119 US 20090310586
CDMA2000 and WLAN
Cooperative Wireless Networks
March 28, 2003 November 22, 2000
[0014] Some of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention
are summarized as follows. Embodiments of the invention include
beam-forming systems configured to enable spatially separated
wireless terminals (WTs) to perform beam-forming operations in a
wireless wide area network (WWAN). A wireless local area network
(WLAN) couples together the WTs, which may be configured to
share WWAN data, access, and control information. A beam-
forming system may comprise the WTs, which function as elements
of an antenna array. WWAN network access functions (such as
monitoring control channels and exchanging control messages with
the WWAN) may be provided in a centralized or a distributed
manner with respect to the WTs.
[0117] FIG. 2B illustrates an embodiment of the invention including
a plurality M of WTs 1109.1-1109.M, each comprising a
corresponding combination of a WWAN Interface 1101.1-1101.M,
an optional WWAN baseband processor 1102.1-1102.M, a combiner
(such as a MIMO combiner 1103.1-1103.M), and a secondary data
processor 1104.1-1104.M. The WTs 1109.1-1109.M are coupled
together by a WLAN 1105, which is configured to convey data
between the WTs 1109.1-1109.M in order to enable cooperative
antenna-array processing.
(see page 1 and 2, paragraph 14 and 17)
WWAN;
[0054] FIG. 11 shows a WWAN comprising a WWAN access point
(e.g., a base station) and a local group comprising a plurality of
wireless terminals communicatively coupled together via a WLAN. A
network-management operator is configured to handle WWAN-
control operations within the local group.

and a mechanism for
WLAN.
---

US 7,254,119 US 20070270145
CDMA2000 and WLAN
Systems and Methods for Seamlessly Roaming Between a Wireless Wide
Area Network and a Wireless Local Area Network
March 28, 2003 May 09, 2003
1. A wireless communication system,
comprising: a wireless wide area
network (WWAN) having base
transceiver stations spatially
distributed to communicate with
mobile communication devices via
controllers each coupled to a plurality
of base transceiver stations, and a data
communication system comprising (1)
packet control function devices
respectively connected to said base
station controllers to transmit data
communication devices via said base
transceiver stations, and (2) a packet
data serving node connected to said
packet control function devices and a
packet data network to provide packet
[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates a method 20 for seamlessly roaming
between a WWAN and a WLAN, according to one
embodiment of the invention. When a party enters into a
hotspot, the user agent of this party's mobile terminal will
detect the types of wireless services available. When the party
tries to make a call, the user agent of this calling party's mobile
terminal will make a call via a WWAN in a conventional way,
using the MSISDN (Mobile Station International ISDN
Number) of a called mobile terminal (steps S22 and S26). After
the WWAN call is properly set up, the user agent of the calling
mobile terminal will decide which radio interface to use based
on the user profile of the calling party. If a WLAN is preferred,
and the WLAN interface is available, the user agent will send
extra information including a handover request together with
information about the IP address, user profile, etc. of the
calling mobile terminal to the called mobile terminal for
handing over the call to the WLAN (step S32). The extra
information is transferred using the short message service
(SMS) or the watermarking technology. The watermarking
technology allows the extra information to be hidden within
the voice, as will be described later.
a wireless local area network (WLAN)
having at least one access point (AP)
that communicates with a mobile
communication device located in an
access area via WLAN radio links, and
an access point gateway connected
between said AP and said packet data
serving node to allow for continuity of
a packet data service to said mobile
communication device by switching a
packet data service connection for said
WWAN;
---

and a mechanism for authentication,
authorization, and accounting (AAA)
common to said WWAN and said
WLAN.
---

US 7,254,119 US 8,107,496
CDMA2000 and WLAN
System and method for roaming between wireless networks
March 28, 2003 January 28, 2002
The exemplary systems and methods of the present invention
provide many advantages that are readily apparent from the above
detailed description. For example, these systems and methods utilize
open standards, such as IEE 802.3, IEE 802.11, PPP, PPPoE,
CDMA2000, and GPRS/UMTS. Similarly, the exemplary systems
and methods of the present invention utilize stock components, with
little or no modifications, that are already in use (or at least
standardized) within known wireless access technology (e.g., wireless
Ethernet, CDMA, and GSM). Consequently, the present invention
may be integrated without difficulty into the existing infrastructure
used with such wireless access technology.
In the system 10, the mobile node 12 uses wireless Ethernet (i.e.,
IEEE 802.11) to communicate with the access point 14, which in
turn transparently bridges the wireless Ethernet communication to a
wireline Ethernet communication with the control server 20. For
purposes of the present application, a reference to wireless Ethernet
includes IEEE 802.11, a reference to wireline Ethernet includes
IEEE 802.3, and a reference to just Ethernet includes both wireless
and wireline Ethernet. After receiving the wireline Ethernet
communication, the control server 20 translates the communication
from Ethernet to a wireless communication technology, such as
CDMA or GSM, and communicates with the first serving node 30
using the wireless communication technology. It should be
understood that for purposes of the present application, although
wireless Ethernet may be defined as a wireless communication
technology, reference to a wireless communication technology herein
is reserved for cellular technology such as CDMA or GSM (including
all of their standard communication protocols).
(see column, lines 35 to 50)
Next, the first serving node 30 may communicate with the HA 50
across the network 40 (e.g., the Internet). Alternatively, the first
serving node 30 may transfer its communication to the second
serving node 80 via a serving node to serving node interface link
(e.g., a P-P interface link or corresponding GSM interface link).
Communication from the HA 50 to the mobile node 12 via the first
serving node 30 flows in a similar, albeit reverse, manner.

WWAN;
and a mechanism for
WLAN.
---

US 7,254,119 US 20080075033
CDMA2000 and WLAN
Cooperative beam‐forming in wireless networks
March 28, 2003 November 22, 2000
[0098] FIG. 1G illustrates a cooperative beam-forming embodiment
of the invention that functions in the presence of a desired WWAN
terminal 119 and an external interference source (or jammer) 118.
WTs 101-103 in a WLAN group 110 may coordinate their received
aggregate beam pattern(s) to null out a jamming signal 115. Array-
processing operations performed on signals received from the WTs
101-103 may take the form of phased-array processing, which
minimizes the array's sensitivity to signals arriving from one or more
angles. Alternatively, array processing may employ baseband (or
intermediate-frequency) interference cancellation. Similarly, beam-
forming operations may be employed to cancel emissions
transmitted toward one or more terminals (such as jammer 118).
(see column 7, paragraph 98)
WWAN;
[0205] FIG. 11 shows a WWAN comprising a WWAN access point
(e.g., a base station) 2120 and a local group 2100 comprising a
plurality of wireless terminals (WTs) 2101-2104 communicatively
coupled together via a WLAN 2105. A network-management
operator 2106 is configured to handle WWAN-control operations
within the local group 2100. In an exemplary embodiment, the
network-management operator 2106 is coupled to at least one of the
WTs 2101-2104 (e.g., WT 2103). One or more of the WTs 2101-
2104 may be configured to transmit and/or receive WWAN
communication signals, such as WWAN traffic channels 2110 and
WWAN control messages 2111. Signals in the WWAN traffic
channels 2110 may be processed by one or more of the WTs 2101-
2104, which may include at least one local area network controller
(e.g., 2103). The WWAN control messages 2111 are processed by
the network-management operator 2106.
(see page 20, column 205)

and a mechanism for
WLAN.
[0280] A network-management operator may employ an
authentication protocol to authenticate traffic between a base station
and a MT. For example, a network-management operator may
identify a particular WT in a local group to a base station. The base
station may then verify that the WT has a legitimate subscription
record with a service provider that utilizes the WWAN. Upon
verification, the base station allows access to the air interface and the
network-management operator (whose responsibilities may be
transferred to the WT) signs access channel packets to prove it is the
true owner of the session. In one exemplary embodiment of the
invention, the WT and/or the network-management operator may
use IS-856 Air Interface Authentication.
---End of Document---

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