Prospect & Overview of Aquaculture in Malaysia - Power Point Slide in ENGLISH.
FREE seminar - Freshwater Aquaculture
Date : 28/10/2015 (Wed)
Time : 7.00pm
Venue : The KL & Selangor Chinese Assembly Hall, 1st Floor Auditorium
Language : 粤语 Cantonese
Topic :
1. Why Aquaculture ?
- Aquaculture
- Mariculture
- Food Agriculture Organization
2. Current Status of Aquaculture in Malaysia
- Brief History
- Malaysia Aquaculture Production
- Role of Aqua
- Zoning – AIZ (Aquaculture Industrial Zones)
3. Aquaculture Economic
4. FAQ
Speaker Bio :
Mr. Thomas Wong, an aquaculture specialist is currently the Amoeba Aquatech aquaculture farming & breeding consultant.
Has involved intensively in freshwater and brackish water Prawn fry Production, Freshwater/ Marine fish breeding and farm management more than 20 years.
His specialty includes in breeding fry of Malaysian high value exotic fish species consistently in large commercial scale and has successfully cultivated fish species like Kerai, White Sultan fish, Tengalan, Temoleh & etc. And production of Malayan Giant Freshwater Prawns commercially with remarkable reputation.
He also been successfully developed technique in production of pelleted fed Marble Goby fry to reduce mortality rate and enhance production yield.
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If you have any enquiries,
kindly contact us at 603-6262 8477.
2. 2
Thomas Wong - Amoeba Aquatech
Technology Consultant of Amoeba Aquatech
Thomas Wong, an aquaculture specialist is
currently the Amoeba Aquatech aquaculture
farming & breeding consultant, has a Diploma in
Marketing and has been involved in aquaculture
practices for more than 20 years. Has involved
intensively in freshwater and brackish water
Prawn fry Production, Freshwater/ Marine fish
breeding and farm management.
Trained in Malaysia by the Fisheries of Malaysia
and in Taiwan, holds various diplomas in
aquaculture i.e fish rearing, aquaculture,
freshwater Prawn and other aquatic cultivation
training.
4. Aquaculture
Aquaculture is refer to
breeding, rearing, harvesting of animals & plants
in all types of water environments i.e ponds,
rivers, lakes & ocean.
Mariculture means = aquaculture practiced in
marine environments and in underwater habitats
FAO term = farming of aquatic organisms
including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic
plants.
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5. WHY AQUACULTURE
Food:
• Source of Protein - Neutriceutical Value-Omega 3 Oil(DHA-docosahexaenoic
acid and EPA-eicosapentaenoic acid )
Business Opportunities:
• Inflation Resistance- food & protein
• Highly profitable investment
• Cash Business- Deals mainly in Cash
• Wild Stock Depletion
Employment:
• Job opportunities- Current analytical status- Most farmers needs & lack
fundamental aquaculture knowledge
• Technical – all Levels
• Operation- all levels.
• Management- Top & Middle level.
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6. Current State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture
World Bank and the FAO; Fish represents 16 percent of all animal protein consumed globally.
By 2030 Projected Global fish markets increase 186 mils ton from 154 million tons in 2011 (of which 60% comes
from aquaculture).
Aquaculture growth since 1980’s in global production increased almost 12(twelvefold) (average annual rate of
8.8%.)
Global Food Fish Consumption
Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO) projected; fish consumption in developing countries will increase by 57 percent,
from 62.7 million tons in 1997 to 98.6 million tons in 2020.
China, the single largest market for seafood with a per capita fish consumption 33.1 kilograms per year in 2010,
consumed 34 percent of global food fish supply.
Rapid global population growth, which is estimated at 2.3 percent annually during the 2010–30 period, total food fish
consumption demand would grow substantially (by 30 percent between 2010 and 2030)
Global Food Fish Trade and Prices
World trade of fish and fish products increased from $8 billion in 1976 to $128 billion in 2012, which in real terms
translates into an average annual growth rate of 4.0 percent(World Bank Report No 83177-GLB)
The Fish to 2020 study projected by the World Bank Report Number 83177-GLB under their “faster aquaculture
expansion” scenario, that fish prices would rise more dynamically than prices for any other food product. This implied
that there would be regional imbalances in fish supply and demand and that incorporating such dynamisms of global
aquaculture
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Aquaculture Outlook
Overview of Aquaculture Industry
10. AQUACULTURE IN MALAYSIA
Aquaculture Issues
1. VS Development – urbanization, industrialization,
agriculture etc.
2. VS Environment – ecosystem conservation, pollution,
NGO’s, etc.
3. Marketing – standard, certification, food safety
4. Investor - ??
11. Aquaculture Development
Brief History
Began in 1920’s Extensive poly-culture of Chinese carps
(ex-mining Pools).
Mid 1930’s, Marine shrimp trapping ponds.
Early 40’s, Culture of blood cockles.
Mid 50’s, Extensive culture of freshwater fishes in earthen ponds.
Early 1970’s, Semi-intensive culture of shrimp.
80’s, Commercial aquaculture (fish and shrimp hatcheries
& setting up of private feed mills).
90’s Commercial scale integrated shrimp farms (from
hatchery processing plant & export).
2000’s Emphasis on food safety and fish health management
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12. Water for Aquaculture
Water area is the sum of the surfaces of all inland
water bodies, such as lakes, reservoirs, or rivers,
as delimited by international boundaries and/or
coastlines.
Land AREA of Malaysia
329,758 sq km
Area: total: 329,847 sq km
land: 328,657 sq km
water: 1,190 sq km
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Ex-mining – 1,466 ha
Cages – 48 ha
Ponds – 5,355 ha
Marine/brackish water – 28,000 ha
(2011)
13. Source : FAO (2010)
66% 中国
[China ]
Production [T.M]
印度 越南 印尼 其他 马来西亚
66% [China ]
5%
Vietnam
16%
Others4%
Indonesia
8%
India
57%
9%
5%
5%
23%
1%
Value [USD]
[China ]
India
Vietnam
Indonesia
Others
1% - [Malaysia]
1% - [Malaysia]
Source:FAO (2010)
Malaysia Aquaculture Production
15. Malaysian Fisheries and Aquaculture Performance
As of 2009, Malaysian fishery performance is still dependent on capture. In view of growing
population and stagnant capture resources, aquaculture must be increased further from
current 25% contribution.
19. Aquaculture Economics
OVERVIEW OF WORLD AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
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Table 1. World aquaculture production of top 14 countries
Country Production (million mt)
1994 1995 % Increase
1. China 8.80 (1993) 12.79 22.67
2. India 1.53 1.61 5.22
3. Japan .781 .82 4.99
4. Indonesia .598 .611 2.17
5. Thailand .514 .464 (9.73)
6. USA .391 .413 5.63
7. South Korea .343 .368 7.29
8. Philippines .380 .346 (8.95)
9. Bangladesh .270 .322 19.26
10. Norway .218 .282 29.36
11. France .281 .281 0
12. Taiwan (P.C.) .282 .278 (1.42)
13. Italy .180 .220 22.22
14. Viet Nam .198 .211 6.56
20. Roles of Aquaculture
Reduce gap between supply vs
demand of food fish (National food
security)
Lessen pressure on capture fisheries
Generate foreign exchange earnings
Provide employment & career
development
Diversify /alternative income to
fishermen & farmers
Provide business & investment
opportunity.
Krai Kunyit
Tengalan
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21. The Zoning of Aquaculture Area
• AquacultureIndustrialZones(AIZ) are designated zones for both
lands and water bodies which are granted by the state
government for commercial scale aquaculture projects.
• At present : 49 sites covering more than 28,000 hectares.
• The Federal Government’s contribution in developing these areas
is to provide:-
• Macro planning
• Technical support
• The projected aquaculture production is 400,000 metric tonnes
with a value of RM5.8 billion.
Aquaculture
Potential
Resources
22. Commercial Aquaculture Species
Freshwater aquaculture:
Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.),
Catfish (Clarius sp., Pangassius sp, P.Nasutus),
Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Carps (grass carp, big head, Sultan fish)and Barbs
Marine aquaculture:
Finfish: Sea bass, grouper, snapper,
Crustaceans: Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon),
white shrimp (P. vannamei),
Bivalve – cockle, mussel and oyster,
Seaweed – Kappaphycus alvarezi
COMMODITY OF
INTEREST
24. AIZ – Land Based Aquaculture
Kg. Luar
Kg. Kerawai
Kedah
Sg.Nipah
Kayan, Lekir,
Perak
•Sempang
•LKIM Sebatu
•Malaca
Terengganu
•Gelang Patah,
Johor
•Pahang
•Batang Ai Sarawak
•LKIM TelSaga Air
Telaga Air Sarawak
25. (SSL) : Fisheries
> 100%
Development strategy
GAqP
(FQC,
SPLAM,)
Promotion
export
Increase
local
market
Increase
Existing
Production
Unit
Increase
Competitiveness
(R&D & ToT,
HRD)
Zoning of
aquaculture
area (ZIA,
TKPM)
Development
of new area
NATIONAL AGRO-FOOD POLICY (2011- 2020)
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
27. Aquaculture Economics
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Half of the world’s population depends of fish as principal source of animal protein
1.2 Global demands for fish is expanding rapidly due to increasing population and incomes.
- Population growth is expected to reach 7 bil from 4 bil by the end of the century
(or doubling every 35 years).
- Hence fish production must double (from 70 million M.T) by year 2000.
- further increases in world fish production is unlikely to be from ocean or capture fisheries.
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28. Introduction
1.3 Recent years, interest in aquaculture as a manageable production system has intensified. The
arising need from aquaculture stems from:-
i. Need to produce more fish protein to meet the demand of rapidly increasing population,
ii. Levelling off of world catch from conventional capture fisheries, and
iii. Expected reduction in catch by certain major fish producing countries brought about by the
extension of economics zones of other countries in marine waters.
1.4 Other salient features in support for the thrust in aquaculture development include the following:-
i. Stock raising as opposed to hunting
ii. It permits the utilization of marginal land (swamplands or mangrove forests) unstainable for
agriculture.
iii. Improve market demand for fish through selective breeding/culture to meet consumer tastes and
preferences,
iv. Ensure predictable production levels and hence guaranteed delivery of produce to buyers, and
v. Fish are the most efficient converters of feed. Fish come out well because, in general, they
convert more of the food they eat into body mass than land animals. (refer to FCR, Pg 27)
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29. Fish being the best converter of feed
Feed Conversion Rate(FCR)
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The lower the ratio, the more efficiently food has been converted to fish flesh. Feed costs often constitute 40-
60% of total production costs, so it is essential to use species that convert food efficiently. Modern dry pellet
diets enable food conversion ratios of lower ratio or better.
Protein Feed Conversion Ratio
Salmon 1.2 It takes 1.2 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of salmon
Beef 8.7 It takes 8.7 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of beef
Pork 5.9 It takes 5.9 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of pork
Chicken 1.9 It takes 1.9 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of chicken
Food Conversion
Efficiency (FCE)
The efficiency of a feed is normally measured by the amount necessary to produce a unit weight of fish. This is
called the feed conversion ration or FCR. The FCR is the unit weight of feed given, divided by the live weight or
wet weight of the animal produced.
Wt of food presented
FCE =
Wt of animal produced
The higher the FCR is, the less efficient the feed is. Moisture levels in the animal or in the feed are not normally
taken into account when the FCR of a feed is calculated. This means that wet or moist feeds have a higher FCR
than dry feeds because so much of the feed consists of water. This does not mean they are less efficient.
Strictly it is only possible to compare the FCR of a moist diet with that of another diet of similar moisture
content unless a further calculation is done. To compare moist feeds with dry diets the FCR's must be reduced
to a common level, either to a dry matter basis or to an assumed 10% moisture basis.
30. FCR
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Factor affecting FCR
Factor Description Remarks
1 Water Quality Chemical reaction(pH),Water
exchange rate, D.O,
Temperature, Water turbidity
& transparency
2 Fish Stocks Density
3 Pond Conditioning Fertilizing, liming
4 Predatory control Animal, plants, Human
5 Fish Feed and Feeding Right feed & Quality
6 Fish Harvesting from Ponds Right nets mesh, ways
7 Grading and Sorting Fish Fish Harvesting from Ponds
Note: The closer the FCR to 1.0, the better is the fish feed. Good feeds have an FCR ranging from 1
to 1.5