This document discusses laboratory animals used in pharmacology experiments. It describes three categories of animals: rodents like mice and rats; non-rodents like rabbits, monkeys, dogs and cats; and miscellaneous animals like frogs and chickens. Key criteria for selecting animals are size, availability, sensitivity to drugs, and species-specific responses. Common experimental animals discussed are mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Their uses, characteristics, and suitability for different types of experiments are outlined.
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Laboratory Animal Used In Pharmacological Experiment.
1. SUBJECT-PHARMACOLOGY
LABORATORY ANIMALS USED IN PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENT
Prepared By:
Miss.Wagh Akanksha
SY.D.Pharmacy
Enroll NO. -26
Guided By:
Mr.Chaudhari Amit.A
Assistant Professor
M.Pharm
Matoshri Institute of Pharmacy,Dhanore(Yeola),Nashik , A.Y-2022-23
2. EXPERIMENT NO-02
Aim -Study of laboratory animals
Laboratory animals laboratory animals are broadly divided into
three categories.
1. Rodents: Mice (mouse) ,Rat,Guinea pig, Gerbil,Hamster etc.
2. Non -Rodents-Rabbit, Monkey, Dog, Cat, pig,etc
3. Miscellaneous: Frog, Pigeon, Zebra, fish, chicken etc.
3. ANY OR EVERY ANIMALS IS NOT SUITABLE FOR
EXPERIMENTAL WORK THEIR BASE ON SELECTION
FOLLOWING CRITERIA
1. Size: smaller animals are preferred because they are easy to handle an
less quantity of drug required.
2. Availability :Animals which are commonly available should be selected,
e.g- frogs, rat, rabbit, dogs..
3. Sensitivity: Animals which are sensitive to drugs under trial e.g- guinea
pig is sensitive to effect of histamine
4. Species: In rabbits intracerebro ventricular injection 5_HT induces a
lowering of temperature, but in cat, it induces fever.
4. COMMON EXPERIMENTAL/LABORATORY
ANIMALS
1. Mice or Mouse (Must musculus)
The swiss albino strain of mice is commonly
used experimental animals.
They are smallest, cheap and easy to handle.
Mice are also easy to breed and maintain.
5. EXPERIMENTAL USE
Adult weight :20-25gm
Age suitable for experiment:2 months
They are sensitive to most of the drugs used in experimental pharmacology
Mice are used extensively in toxicity ,assay of insulin, testing of analgesics,
CNS active drugs and chemotherapeutic agents.
More recently mouse brain as well as primary cell culture of mouse spinal
cord neuron is used in neuropharmacology for studying neurotransmitters
receptors functions
Mice use their tail to help in thermoregulation.
6. 2 Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Albino rat (Sub-group,Wistar and Sprague Dawley rat) is the
commonest laboratory animal used in experimental pharmacology.
It suitable experimental because of small size and greater sensitivity
to most drug.
It is small in size compared to other animals so drugs are required
in small quantity.
Do not vomit due to strong sphincter between the stomach and
oesophagus and lack of vomiting centre ,so drug can be administers
orally.
Gall bladder and tonsils are absent. Because of the absence gall
bladder in the rat there is continuous flow of bile into the intestine.
7. EXPERIMENTAL USE
Adult weight :180-200 gm
Age suitable for most of the experiment:1.5 month.
Psycho pharmacological studies.
Study of analysis of anticonvulsant.
Chronic study on blood pressure.
Gastric secretions studies.
Acute an chronic toxicity studies .
Tail of rat help in the thermo regulation.
8. NOTE
Baby Rats
Baby rat has blunted and broad
large head relative to body
whereas.
Baby rat have small ears .
In the baby rat hind rat paw and
body ratio is large.
Tail is thick and shorter than body
length in baby rat.
Baby Mice
Mice have triangular ,small head
relative to body.
Mice have large ears.
In the baby mice hind paw and body
ratio is small.
Mice have thin and larger or same
length tail as compared to body.
9. Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
It is vary docile animal and easy to raise and maintain.
They are highly sensitivity to histamine and penicillin.
They are also vary susceptible to tuberculosis and
anaphylactic shock.
They require exogenous ascorbic acid in diet.
10. EXPERIMENTAL USE
Adult weight :400-600
Age suitable for experiment :3 months.
Evaluation of bronchodilator.
Anaphylactic and immunological studies.
Study if histamine and antihistaminic.
Bioassay of digitalis.
Study of tuberculosis and ascorbic acid metabolism.
Evaluation of local anaesthetics.
11. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Rabbit are also docile animals with large ears.
Usually, New Zealand white rabbits are use.
They are generally use in pyrogen testing.
The enzyme atropine esterase is present in rabbit liver and
plasma, so it can tolerate large dose belladonna (atropine).
Cardio aortic nerve form a separate depressive nerve.
Histamine causes increases blood pressure.
12. EXPERIMENTAL USE
Adult weight :1.5-3.2 kg
Age suitable for experiment:5.6 months.
Pyrogen testing.
Bio assay of antidibetics ,curare from drugs and sex hormone.
Irritancy test.
Screening of antitoxic agents teratogens.
Study of miotic and mydriatics.
Study of local anaesthetics .
Ideal animal for pharmacokinetic studies.