1. Achieving Interoperability through
Semantics-based Technologies:
The Instant Messaging Case
Amel Bennaceur and Valérie Issarny (Inria, France)
Romina Spalazzese (University of L’Aquila, Italy)
Shashank Tyagi (Banaras University, India)
ISWC 2012, 15th November 2012
2. Outline
The Interoperability challenge in pervasive
environments
Automated synthesis of mediators
• Ontology-based Modelling of Interaction Protocols
• Ontology-based Model Checking
Implementation
Lessons learned and future work
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3. Interoperability in Pervasive
Environments
Systems are becoming increasingly connected
• Future Internet, Cyber-Physical System, Internet of Things
• Integration becoming more difficult
Interactions among components cannot be planned
beforehand
• Increasingly dynamic
• Unanticipated components
System and its components figure out how to interact
dynamically
• Automatically ensuring interoperation at runtime
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4. Illustrating the Interoperability
Challenges
A plethora of applications with
compatible functionalities
• e.g., exchanging instant messages
Unable to interact
• e.g., MSN and XMPP clients
Heterogeneous data and
behavioral models
• e.g., use of chat rooms
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5. Existing Approaches to
Interoperability
× Standard: chosen × Interoperability platforms: × Transparent interoperability:
shared language one talks all languages Auxiliary language
e.g., XMPP e.g., Pidgin, Adium e.g., J-EAI, CrossTalk
Transform on the fly using an mediators
How can we synthesise ‘correct’intermediary
automatically and deploy them : Babel network?
system (the mediator)
on the fish
e.g., WSMX
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6. Outline
The Interoperability challenge in pervasive
environments
Automated synthesis of mediators
• Ontology-based Modelling of Interaction Protocols
• Ontology-based Model Checking
Implementation
Lessons learned and future work
6
7. Dynamic Synthesis of Mediators
Sustaining composition in highly heterogeneous
and dynamic environments
• Semantics of networked systems needed to reason
about and achieve on-the-fly interoperability
• Ontology for the description of functional semantics
• Process algebra for the description of behavioural
semantics
• Combining ontology reasoning and behavioural analysis
• To support the automated generation of mediators
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8. Dynamic Synthesis of Mediators
b a
c d
e
MSNP IM Ontology XMPP Modelling
(OWL)
MSNP XMPP
model model Ontology-based
Model Checking
No Behavioral
Matching
Yes
Mediation
Mediator
Failure
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9. Modelling of Interaction Protocols
FSP (Finite State Processes)
• Semantics described using labelled transition systems
• Verification supported by the LTSA model checker
• Actions do FSP Syntaxany semantics
not have FSP Semantics
Action Prefix
Choice
Sequence
Parallel
Composition
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10. Ontology-based Modelling of
Interaction Protocols
An action specifies
• The operation required from or provided to the environment
• The associated input and output data
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13. Ontology-based Reasoning about
Interaction Protocols
Action Subsumption
• is subsumed by iff
•
•
•
e.g.,
•
•
is subsumed by
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14. Ontology-based Reasoning about
Interaction Protocols
Processes synchronise based on the semantics of actions
• If is subsumed by then generate to make them
synchronise
Verify that the processes reach their final states using
model checking
14
16. Outline
The Interoperability challenge in pervasive
environments
Automated synthesis of mediators
• Ontology-based Modelling of Interaction Protocols
• Ontology-based Model Checking
Implementation
Lessons learned and future work
16
18. Round Trip time with 100 car Mediator Performance
900
800
700
message (ms)
600
500
400
Native
300
Hand-crafted
200 Automated
100
0
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19. Outline
The Interoperability challenge in pervasive
environments
Automated synthesis of mediators
• Ontology-based Modelling of Interaction Protocols
• Ontology-based Model Checking
Implementation
Lessons learned and future work
19
20. Lessons Learned (1)
It works!!!!
Automated synthesis of mediators
promises to address interoperability in a
future-proof manner
Ontologies have a key role to play in
supporting the automated synthesis of
mediators
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21. Lessons Learned (2)
Dealing with a larger set of mappings
• One-to-many and many-to-many mappings
• Dealing with ambiguous mappings
Extracting the system model automatically
• Using automata learning to learn the behaviour
• Using schema annotation to learn the annotations
Need for standard benchmarks
• To evaluate the kind of mismatches that occur in real
systems
• To compare with similar approaches
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23. Further Information
Home page: www-rocq.inria.fr/~bennaceu
ARLES: www.rocq.inria.fr/arles
CONNECT: connect-forever.eu
The Role of Ontologies in Emergent Middleware:
Supporting Interoperability in Complex Distributed
Systems, In Proc. Middleware 2011
Middleware-layer Connector Synthesis: Beyond State of
the Art in Middleware Interoperability, In SFM 2011
Towards an architecture for runtime interoperability, In
Proc. ISoLA 2010
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