Understanding Plagiarism: Maintaining Academic Honesty
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In this detailed PowerPoint presentation, created by the AUM Learning Center, you will learn step-by-step strategies to avoid plagiarism in your assignments.
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Understanding Plagiarism: Maintaining Academic Honesty
- 1. Understanding Plagiarism Maintaining Academic Honesty Presented by The AUM Learning Center
- 2. Auburn University at Montgomery Learning Center/Instructional Support Lab
- 4. How would you define honesty? The quality or condition of having or displaying strong moral principles, especially with regard to lying, cheating, or stealing; fair dealing; truthfulness; integrity. -Oxford English Dictionary, 2017.
- 5. Who do you expect to have honesty? How does honesty relate to education or college?
- 7. Plagiarism is (1) Using another writer's words or ideas without documentation (a reference list and in-text citations), (2) Using another writer's exact words without quotation marks, and (3) Paraphrasing or summarizing someone else's ideas using wording or sentence structures that are too similar to the original.
- 10. QUOTING
- 11. 1WHEN QUOTING: •Use quotation marks (like “this”) to show which words come from an outside source. •When quoting, be sure to type the source exactly as the original. •Include an in-text citation to tell readers the author of the quote.
- 12. What is an in-text citation? A short entry placed at the end of a sentence that shows the outside source you used. Citations start and finish with a parenthesis and contain information about the source you have used. The information inside the citation is different for individual stylesheets like MLA or APA. Example of MLA: He said, “I believe this is a great idea” (Smith, 7).
- 13. ORIGINAL: Getting up early for an 8:00 a.m. class can be very difficult if you have stayed up all night studying for a test. From an essay by Megan Kowalski, page 3. QUOTE: Getting to class on time is hard “if you have stayed up all night studying for a test” (Kowalski, 3).
- 14. PARAPHRASING
- 15. 2WHEN PARAPHRASING: •Change both the words and the formation of the original sentence. •When you paraphrase, you use information from a source, but you use your own words and your own sentence structure. •Include an in-text citation to tell readers the author of the original text that you paraphrased.
- 16. ORIGINAL: Getting up early for an 8:00 a.m. class can be very difficult if you have stayed up all night studying for a test. From an essay by Megan Kowalski, page 3. QUOTE: If you have been awake all night studying, it will be hard to wake up for your first class in the morning (Kowalski, 3).
- 17. SUMMARIZING
- 18. 3WHEN SUMMARIZING: •Condense the main ideas of an entire source using your own words and sentence structure. •Include an in-text citation to tell readers the author of your summary.
- 19. SOURCE: I applied to AUM. I completed my application. I received my visa. Next, I bought my plane ticket. My family and I packed my bags. It was hard to pack all of my clothes and shoes. At the airport, I went through Customs. When I arrived at AUM, I was tired but excited. Now I am a new student in America. From an email by Xiasheng Pan, 2014. SUMMARY: After being accepted to AUM, he packed and flew to America. Now he is eager to be a new student in the US (Pan).
- 20. Some guidelines for summarizing Include only the main ideas Leave out the small details Use your own words Indicate the source
- 21. Top three types of plagiarism
- 22. 1. Copy and Paste 2. Word Change 3. Remix
- 23. What is “Copy and Paste”? When a student’s paper contains a large amount of text from another source. Students copy large pieces of text to “fill in” between their own phrases or sentences.
- 24. Copy and Paste
- 25. What is “Word Change”? When students copy large sections of text and try to paraphrase by changing only a few words with synonyms (similar words). To paraphrase correctly, change both the wording and phrasing of the original paper.
- 26. Word Change
- 27. What is “Remix”? When students copy and paste phrases or sentences from many sources to create one piece of writing.
- 29. Have any questions? If you need more help with quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing, come visit the Learning Center (225 Library) or Google “Purdue OWL” for lots of other information about writing!
- 30. Facebook.com/aumlc.isl Instagram @aumlcisl Follow us on social media, too!
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Greetings! We’re so glad that you joined us to learn more about plagiarism and the academic integrity standards that govern higher education. Today we’ll be discussing what plagiarism is, how we define it, how to avoid it, and how to properly quote, paraphrase, and summarize material that you find in your research. We’ll also talk a little bit about Turnitin and the top five kinds of plagiarism it has identified. Let’s get started.
- If we look at the formal definition of plagiarism, we find that plagiarism is, at its root, the theft and passing off of another’s words as if those words were one’s own-- that is, using someone else’s words or ideas without giving them credit. In Western culture, individuals have rights over their original ideas and words; from the patent for a new invention to the copyright of a bestselling novel, American culture rewards the intellectual property of the individual, and this value system applies to academic writing as well. So how can you follow the rules when you use sources? What do you need to avoid doing?
- Here’s a more workable definition of plagiarism. First, plagiarism is using another writer's words or ideas without in-text citation and documentation. This means that you have taken another person’s work and failed to acknowledge that work either in the text of your own paper or through a works cited entry (or both). Let’s break that definition down a bit further. There are also two other ways that you can plagiarize: Using another writer's exact words without quotation marks, and paraphrasing or summarizing someone else's ideas using language or sentence structures that are too close to the original. These last two are always plagiarism, even if you include an in-text citation and works cited entry.
- Alright, so we’re talked briefly about what plagiarism is; now let’s talk about how to avoid it.
- There are three ways that you can properly use sources: You can quote, paraphrase, or summarize. In the following section we’re going to look at each way to use a source, look at examples, and talk about some tips and tricks to make the most of that style.
- Let’s begin with quoting. Of the three ways we can use a source, quoting stays the truest to the original. When you quote, you use someone else’s words exactly as they appeared in the original source.
- When you quote, you use quotation marks (the red symbol at the bottom right) to separate your words from the words from an outside source; quotation marks allow you to indicate which words are not your own. When you quote, you always need to include an in-text citation to tell the readers the source of the quote. Depending on the style guide you are following, whether you are using APA, MLA, Turabian, Chicago, or another style, the in-text citation will look a little bit different. Let’s look at an example.
- Let’s begin with the original. In this case, the Purdue OWL web page about plagiarism says, “There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts.” If I want to quote this sentence, I will use quotation marks to separate the quote from my own words and then include an in-text citation at the end of the sentence. Here’s an example of how to quote using APA style: According to the Purdue OWL website, “There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts” (Stolley and Brizee, 2012). There are a couple of things I want you to notice. First, the quotation marks at the beginning and end of the quote indicate which words have been taken from another source. Second, the in-text citation at the end of the sentence (but before the period) provide information to help the reader locate this source on the works cited, or since this quote is formatted according to APA style, reference page. This in-text citation tells the reader that the authors are Stolley and Brizee and that the website was published (or last updated) in 2012.
- When you are working with outside sources, sometimes you don’t want to use a direct quote, so another option available to you is to paraphrase. When you paraphrase, which is also known as indirect quoting, you use your own words to convey someone else’s ideas.
- In order to properly paraphrase, you must change both the author’s words as well as the structure of the original sentence. After you paraphrase, go back and compare your paraphrase with the original. If you have any phrases that too closely resemble the original, either reword them or put any of the source's original phrasing in quotation marks. Don’t forget to include an in-text citation with your paraphrase. Even though you have used your own words, your idea has come from someone else, and you must acknowledge them and give them credit for their work by including an in-text citation.
- Let’s read the original, and I want you to pay special attention not only to the meaning, but also to the exact words and the structure of the sentence. In the paraphrase, the words themselves have changed: “academic” has become “collegiate” and “professional contexts” has become “workplace.” But notice that the structure has changed, too; the order of ideas in the paraphrase is different than the order in the original. Proper paraphrasing requires changing both the words AND the order of those words. Finally, notice that there is an in-text citation acknowledging the authors.
- Sometimes it is necessary to condense information that you’ve found in your research, and you do this through summarizing. Summarizing allows you to recount main ideas without worrying about supporting details.
- Although you are taking a big idea and reducing it to only a few words, summarizing follows the same steps as paraphrasing: Summarize the main ideas of a text using your own words and sentence structure, and then check your summary against the original, putting any of the source's original phrasing in quotation marks. Like quoting and paraphrasing, summarizing also requires you to put an in-text citation to tell readers the source of your summary
- Take a look at this source paragraph; it lists the many different tasks that forest and conservation workers perform. When you summarize, boil down your source for the most concentrated meaning. What do all these different tasks have in common? They relate to the planting, cultivating, and maintaining of trees.
- When you summarize, include only the main ideas; leave out the details of supporting examples. Make sure to use your own words, and don’t forget the in-text citation to indicate the source.
- Now that we’ve talked a little about how to properly quote, paraphrase, and summarize, let’s shift our attention to plagiarism and how Turnitin has been used to help students and instructors identify plagiarized material. In 2012, Turnitin produced a report called “The White Paper: The Plagiarism Spectrum,” which was designed to help both writers and professors identify the various forms and nuances of plagiarism. While the report identified the top ten types of plagiarism, we’re going to limit our focus to the top five.
- Remember that with a few exceptions, when you quote, you need to reproduce the source exactly. However, that does not mean that you need to quote whole paragraphs or even whole sentences. You can start and stop a quote wherever you like as long as your selection has the SAME meaning as the original.