1. Living things HOME RESOURCES RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK CONTENTS ACTIVITY LINKS ACTIVITY LINKS

2. Contents Living things Common characteristics Chemical composition Cells History Organisation Plant and animal cells Differences in living things Classification Kingdoms Classifying living things Species Biodiversity Origin Reduction Importance H ands on Using a microscope to study cells . HOME HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

3. Resources HOME What do all living things have in common? What are living things made up of? History of cell discovery How are cells organised? How do animal and plant cells differ? How do living things differ? How are living things classified? What are the five kingdoms? What is a species? What is the origin of biodiversity? What factors can reduce biodiversity? Hands on. Using a microscope to study cells Why is biodiversity important? HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS Animation: Eukaryotic cells Activity: Animal and plant cells Links

4. What is the origin of biodiversity? Millions of years ago Today HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK EVOLUTION ACTIVITY LINKS

5. What factors can reduce biodiversity? Dams Mining Industry River crab Destruction of habitats Pollution of water, soil and the atmosphere Introduction of exotic species Waste Uncontrolled hunting and fishing FACTORS HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

6. Why is biodiversity important? HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK How can it be conserved? What are the benefits? ACTIVITY LINKS

9. They are born and they die. They have a similar chemical composition. They are made up of cells. What do all living things have in common? They carry out three functions. HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

10. What do all living things have in common? Vital functions: Interaction with the environment Reproduction Heterotrophs Autotrophs Asexual reproduction Nutrition Sexual reproduction HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

11. Animation: Eukaryotic cells HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

12. What are living things made up of? carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) Inorganic substances Organic substances nucleic acids PLANTS ANIMALS vitamins HOME RESOURCES water mineral salts glucids lipids proteins CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

13. What are living things made up of? carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) Inorganic substances Organic substances WATER PLANTS ANIMALS 74 % 60 % vitamins nucleic acids HOME RESOURCES mineral salts glucids lipids proteins CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

14. What are living things made up of? carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) Inorganic substances Organic substances MINERAL SALTS PLANTS ANIMALS 3.2 % vitamins 3.4 % nucleic acids HOME RESOURCES water glucids lipids proteins CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

15. What are living things made up of? carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) Inorganic substances Organic substances GLUCIDS PLANTS ANIMALS 19 % 0.6 % vitamins nucleic acids HOME RESOURCES water mineral salts lipids proteins CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

16. What are living things made up of? carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) Inorganic substances Organic substances LIPIDS PLANTS ANIMALS 0.8 % 20 % vitamins nucleic acids HOME RESOURCES water mineral salts glucids proteins CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

17. What are living things made up of? carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) Inorganic substances Organic substances PROTEINS PLANTS ANIMALS 3.2 % 16 % vitamins nucleic acids HOME RESOURCES water mineral salts glucids lipids CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

19. Plant cell Bacteria How are cells organised? Animals Plants Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells cell membrane Animal cell cytoplasm genetic material nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane genetic material SEE DIFFERENCES Cell membrane Cytoplasm Genetic material Nucleus Eukaryotic cells Yes Yes Yes Yes Prokaryotic cells Yes Yes Yes No HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

20. How do animal and plant cells differ? CELL WALL (rigid) ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL NUCLEUS CHLOROPLASTS (photosynthesis) VACUOLE CYTOPLASM CELL MEMBRANE MITOCHONDRIA HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

21. Hands on. Using a microscope to study cells Preparation 1 2 3 4 5 Obtain a specimen or cells. Place on a slide. Add a drop of water to the specimen or stain the cells. Put the cover slip on. Look through the microscope. HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS Plant cells Animal cells

22. Hands on. Using a microscope to study cells Plant cells Preparation GO BACK 1 Obtain a plant specimen. 4 Place the cover slip on it. 2 Place it on a slide. 3 Add a drop of water. 5 Look through the microscope. HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS Animal cells

23. Hands on. Using a microscope to study cells Animal cells Preparation 4 Put the cover slip on. 3 Add a drop of water. Stain the cells with dye. 2 Spread the cells on a slide. 1 Obtain cells. 5 Look through the microscope. HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS Plant cells GO BACK

24. How do living things differ? LIVING THINGS Unicellular one cell bacteria unicellular algae (Volvox) Grouping of cells (specific functions) cells tissues organs systems musculoskeletal system bone cell muscle cells bone tissue Cells work together. bone organ skeletal system muscle tissue muscular organ muscular system Multicellular colonies HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

25. What are the five kingdoms? Monera Kingdom Protoctist Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plant Kingdom Animal Kingdom HOME RESOURCES CLOSE BACK CONTENTS ACTIVITY LINKS

31. How are living things classified? 18th century Carl Linnaeus Taxonomy : the science of the classification of living things KINGDOM Family Phyllum Phyllum Phyllum Phyllum Class Order Order Order Family Genus Genus Genus Genus Species Class HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

32. What is a species? Formation of hybrids Species : A set of physically similar living things, usually with fertile descendants. Binomial nomenclature Sexual dimorphism HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK What is its name? What is it? Who’s who? ACTIVITY LINKS

33. What is a species? Common name: Red panda Scientific name: Ailurus fulgens Genus Species : A set of physically similar living things, usually with fertile descendants . Binomial nomenclature HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

34. What is a species? Formation of hybrids Donkey Mare Species : A set of physically similar living things, usually with fertile descendants . Mule HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

35. What is a species? male Species : A set of physically similar living things, usually with fertile descendants . Sexual dimorphism female HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

36. Interactive activity: Animal and plant cells HOME HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS

37. Links HOME HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS GO TO WEBSITE Biodiversity GO TO WEBSITE Cells