The new revolutionary concept of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility
2. THE STORY - EVOLUTION OF CAD
2D solutions
Electronic drafting board
3D solutions
Modeling for purely visualization purposes
BIM solutions
Models with integrated architectural information
Construction Coordination (5D)
Timing/scheduling and Cost estimation
3. WORKING CONCEPT - 2D CAD
Draft everything in 2D
No 3D model is created
Design changes maintained
manually on every drawing
Typically, each drawing is saved in
its own file
4. EVALUATION - 2D CAD
Benefits
Compared to hand drafting
Faster modifications
Accuracy
Smart drafting tools (fills, dimensions)
Repetitive elements (blocks, xrefs)
Compared to other CAD methods
Easy to understand concept (electronic drafting)
Relatively small files due to reduced data
Quick (but less intelligent) solution for all building types
Drawbacks
• Changes on one drawing don’t influence other drawings
• Drawing coordination is essential
• No more content compared with hand drawing
• Collisions and other design problems are difficult to identify
5. WORKING CONCEPT – 3D CAD
The application has both 2D and 3D
capabilities
Buildings can be modeled in 3D if
necessary
3D and 2D information can be included
in a single file
Drawings can be partially derived from
the model
No automatic documentation
Application mostly works with 2D and 3D
drawing tools instead of real
architectural elements
Additional content can be created
including visualization and basic quantity
take-offs
Drawings
3D Model
Manual or automatic update
Project File
6. EVALUATION– 3D CAD
Benefits
Compared to 2D CAD
Easier checking of planning errors
Managing changes is easier
Visualization and calculation
Compared to BIM
Users may work purely in 2D if they wish
Smaller file size
Easier to model complex geometries
Drawbacks (compared to BIM)
• Concept doesn’t follow the architectural design
process
• Documentation is not fully automatic
• No architectural content like in BIM applications
Drawings
3D Model
Manual or automatic update
Project File
7. THE BIM CONCEPT
Drawings, building views,
visualizations, calculations
and quantity take-offs are
automatically derived from the
3D model.
BIM= Building Information Modeling
Also known as „Virtual Building” or
„Building Simulation”
8. EVALUATION– BIM
Benefits
Compared to 2D and 3D CAD
Elements have architectural meaning
Changes on one drawing have influence on all
others
Rich visualization content (animation, sun
studies, renderings etc.)
Automatic quantity take-offs, schedules
Connection to structural, energy calculation,
collision detection etc. software
Drawbacks
• Higher training requirements
• Might be difficult to learn the BIM approach for
people who were previously 2D users
• Might be more difficult to handle complex geometry
(e.g. freeform structures) then in 3D and 2D CAD
9. BIM IS A PROCESS!
Generic term used to describe advanced 3D CAD technology for
modeling and managing buildings and information related to them.
BIM models are differentiated from traditional CAD systems in that the
software objects in a BIM model are intelligible to computer programs
as representations of real-world building components, unlike the
graphic objects in a two-dimensional CAD file”.
The American Institute of Architects (AIA) defines BIM as “a model-
based technology linked with a database of project information”.
BIM covers geometry, spatial relationships, geographic information,
quantities and properties of building components.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_Information_Modeling)
10. WORKING CONCEPT – BIM
Single file concept: The complete building
model and all of its representations are included
in the BIM file
Real architectural elements used for modeling
Changes of the model affect all related drawings
(and vice versa)
Automatic generation and updating of
documentation
Architectural content (libraries)
Building information data attached to the
elements
Additional materials (rendering, animation,
quantity take-offs, schedules)
11. BIM USES
Project Definition, Planning and
Pre-Design
Architectural Modelling (Design)
Structural Modelling and Analysis
MEP Modelling and Analysis
Construction Models
Facilities Management/As-built Models
12. ADVANTAGES
Design visualization
Reduction of Errors
Collision Detection
Quantity Take Off
4D Constructability
5D Cost Estimating
Asset/Equipment Inventory
Facility Operations
Space assignment
Maintenance/Repair
Emergency response, etc.
18. REAL ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS -
BIM
Drawing representation
• Floor plan, section and elevation views
• Adjustable contours, fills, backgrounds
• Scale sensitivity
Model representation
• 3D shapes connected to drawing elements
• Surface color and texture
Non-graphical information
• Material descriptions
• Quantities, volumes
• Cost
• Values specific to certain elements (e.g. lux
values of lights, fire resistance of doors)
19. MODEL BASED DOCUMENTATION -
BIM
Coherence between model and drawing
All drawings derived from the model
Model itself coordinates drawings
Automatic scale change
The complete project lifecycle can be controlled
from a single file
Rich 3D visualization content helps you to win the
job
20. ESTIMATION-BIM
Additional information attached to the
model
• Quantity
• Materials
• Descriptions
Product details
Construction details
Safety details
• Cost
Instant Calculation
• Quantity take-offs
• Room Inventories
• Door-Window Schedules
BIM
DATA
3D model
Calculations
21. EXTERNAL COLLABORATION-BIM
The BIM data can be shared with
the project stakeholders via:
IFC (Industry Foundation
Classes)
DXF-DWG (Autocad Drawing)
PDF (Portable Document Format)
XML (Extensible Markup
Language)
Other native CAD file formats
22. INTERNAL COLLABORATION-BIM
Advanced BIM applications allow
the seamless sharing of the
virtual building data between the
project team members
The teamwork approach:
Central file contains the
complete virtual building
database
Team members work on local
copies
Team members have
dedicated workspaces
Team members send and
receive changes regularly Local Copy 1 Local Copy 2 Local Copy 3
Central File
Workspace 3
Workspace 2
Workspace 1
Send & receive changes
23. ANALYSIS, COORDINATION-BIM
Further processing the BIM data
allows a wide range of
analytical activities:
Code checking (collision detection)
Energy efficiency analysis
Structural analysis
EnergyPlus
Jetstream from NavisWorks
Xsteel from Tekla
24. TRENDS: CONSTRUCTION
COORDINATION
Construction industry is moving towards automated solutions.
Adding time and cost information to the 3D model results the
virtual construction model.
Linked
Schedules
Linked
Estimating
Recipes
BIM Model (3D)
Cost (5D)Time (4D)
25. VIRTUAL CONSTRUCTION WORKFLOW
Project Control
Fabrication
2 D Drawings
Constructability Analysis and Coordination
ProcurementSchedule
Accounting
Cost Estimate5 D Model