SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 21
Baixar para ler offline
Proteins
H I B A H U S S E I N
N A G H A M H O U J E I R Y
Contents
I n t r o d u c t i o n
S t r u c t u r e s
P r o t e i n d e n a t u r a t i o n
F u n c t i o n s
C h a p e r o n e s
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
P r o t e i n s a r e l a r g e b i o l o g i c a l m o l e c u l e s
c o n s i s t i n g o f o n e o r m o r e c h a i n s o f a m i n o a c i d s .
P r o t e i n s d i f f e r f r o m o n e a n o t h e r p r i m a r i l y i n
t h e i r s e q u e n c e o f a m i n o a c i d s .
Introduction
Structures of proteins
P r i m a r y s t r u c t u r e
a m i n o a c i d s e q u e n c e
d e t e r m i n e d b y g e n e l i n k e d t o
e a c h o t h e r b y p e p t i d e b o n d s
S e c o n d a r y s t r u c t u r e
i t r e f e r s t o l o c a l f o l d i n g o f p r o t e i n s
s t a b i l i z e d b y i n t e r m o l e c u l a r h y d r o g e n
b o n d i n g o f a m i d e g r o u p s ,
T e r t i a r y s t r u c t u r e
i t i s f o r m e d b y d i f f e r e n t
t y p e s o f i n t e r a c t i o n s , s u c h
a s h y d r o g e n
b o n d i n g s , d i s u l f i d e b o n d s
a n d h y d r o p h o b i c
i n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n R
g r o u p s
Q u a t e r n a r y s t r u c t u r e
t w o o r m o r e t e r t i a r y f o l d e d p e p t i d e s b o n d e d
t o g e t h e r t o m a k e a f u n c t i o n a l p r o t e i n .
s u c h a s h e m o g l o b i n .
t h e l o s s o f s e c o n d a r y a n d t e r t i a r y
s t r u c t u r e s i n a p r o t e i n o c c u r s
w h e n c o n d i t i o n s c h a n g e s s u c h a s
. i n c r e a s i n g t h e t e m p e r a t u r e
. v e r y a c i d i c o r b a s i c P H
. a d d i t i o n o f h e a v y m e t a l s
. a d d i t i o n o f o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d
. a d d i t i o n o f m e c h a n i c a l a g i t a t i o n
Protein denaturation
Function of proteins
E n z y m e s a r e p r o t e i n s t h a t
s p e e d u p c h e m i c a l
r e a c t i o n s . s o m e e n z y m e s
a l s o a r e i n v o l v e d i n
d i g e s t i o n
( l i p a s e , a m y l a s e , l a c t a s e . . . . .
) a l s o i n m o l e c u l a r
b i o l o g y ( l i g a s e , p o l y m e r a s e )
c h a n n e l s a n d c a r r i e r p r o t e i n s
t h a t a l l o w m o l e c u l e s t o e n t e r a n d
e x i t t h e c e l l
a l s o i t t r a n s p o r t m o l e c u l e s i n
b l o o d s i n c e h e m o g l o b i n
t r a n s p o r t s o x y g e n
M E T A B O L I S M T R A N S P O R T
t h e r e a r e s t r u c t u r a l p r o t e i n s s u c h
a s K e r a t i n e ( h a i r a n d n a i l s ) a n d
C o l l a g e n e ( l i g a m e n t s , t e n d o n s a n d
s k i n
S U P P O R T
h o r m o n e s s u c h a s
. I n s u l i n t h a t r e g u l a t e s
t h e a m o u n t o f g l u c o s e i n
t h e b l o o d
. h u m a n g r o w t h h o r m o n e
t h a t d e t e r m i n e t h e
h e i g h t o f a p e r s o n
. r e c e p t o r p r o t e i n s t h a t
d e t e c t c h e m i c a l s i g n a l s
. i n t e r c e l l u l a r m e s s e n g e r
t h a t i n f l u e n c e
m e t a b o l i s m
R E G U L A T I O N
a n t i b o d i e s t h a t c o m b a t
b a c t e r i a a n d v i r u s e s
. m u s c l e c o n t r a c t i o n ( a c t i n a n d
m y o s i n )
. m o t o r p r o t e i n s i n t h e
c e l l ( f l a g e l l a , c i l i a )
D E F E N S E
M O T I O N
S t o r a g e p r o t e i n s a r e m a i n l y
p r e s e n t i n p l a n t s e e d s , e g g
w h i t e s , a n d m i l k . T h e r e i s a l s o
a n o t h e r t y p e o f s t o r a g e p r o t e i n .
T h i s i s f e r r i t i n , w h i c h s t o r e s i r o n .
S T O R A G E
CHAPERONES
C h a p e r o n e s o r h e a t s h o c k
p r o t e i n s a r e p r o t e i n s r e q u i r e d f o r
t h e p r o p e r f o l d i n g a n d / o r
a s s e m b l y o f a n o t h e r p r o t e i n o r
p r o t e i n c o m p l e x .
S o m e c h a p e r o n e s a r e i m p o r t a n t i n
k e e p i n g t h e p r o t e i n u n f o l d e d u n t i l
i t s s y n t h e s i s i s f i n i s h e d , o r a c t a s
c a t a l y s t b y i n c r e a s i n g t h e r a t e s o f
t h e f i n a l s t a g e s i n t h e f o l d i n g
p r o c e s s
References
T e x t b o o k o f b i o c h e m i s t r y
L i p p i n c o t t ' s r e v i e w s
M a r k ' s b a s i c m e d i c a l b i o c h e m i s t r y
W i k i p e d i a
Thank
you

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Semelhante a Aaaa

ExtradosBrochure
ExtradosBrochureExtradosBrochure
ExtradosBrochure
Matt Jordan
 
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
Ram Khadka
 
In Adaptation - Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities: Bukit Bintang
In Adaptation - Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities: Bukit BintangIn Adaptation - Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities: Bukit Bintang
In Adaptation - Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities: Bukit Bintang
Joe Onn Lim
 
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
priestmanmable
 

Semelhante a Aaaa (20)

ExtradosBrochure
ExtradosBrochureExtradosBrochure
ExtradosBrochure
 
How to land a job when you have no experience
How to land a job when you have no experienceHow to land a job when you have no experience
How to land a job when you have no experience
 
Are You Nuts? Why You Should Eat More of This Healthy Snack
Are You Nuts? Why You Should Eat More of This Healthy SnackAre You Nuts? Why You Should Eat More of This Healthy Snack
Are You Nuts? Why You Should Eat More of This Healthy Snack
 
3.docx
3.docx3.docx
3.docx
 
The Official State Office Known As Person
The Official State Office Known As Person The Official State Office Known As Person
The Official State Office Known As Person
 
derechos humanos
derechos humanosderechos humanos
derechos humanos
 
Pure Barre Rebranding Book
Pure Barre Rebranding BookPure Barre Rebranding Book
Pure Barre Rebranding Book
 
Apps for Good competition 2014 Entry
Apps for Good competition 2014 EntryApps for Good competition 2014 Entry
Apps for Good competition 2014 Entry
 
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
 
Reflexió personal.pdf
Reflexió personal.pdfReflexió personal.pdf
Reflexió personal.pdf
 
Operatives of Top Sales Professionals
Operatives of Top Sales ProfessionalsOperatives of Top Sales Professionals
Operatives of Top Sales Professionals
 
INVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas Boas
INVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas BoasINVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas Boas
INVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas Boas
 
In Adaptation - Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities: Bukit Bintang
In Adaptation - Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities: Bukit BintangIn Adaptation - Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities: Bukit Bintang
In Adaptation - Italo Calvino's Invisible Cities: Bukit Bintang
 
Math
MathMath
Math
 
Mudra o madrasta ppt
Mudra o madrasta pptMudra o madrasta ppt
Mudra o madrasta ppt
 
tucanes (2).pdf
tucanes (2).pdftucanes (2).pdf
tucanes (2).pdf
 
Proyecto 2007
Proyecto 2007Proyecto 2007
Proyecto 2007
 
Terrorismo, mafia, amenazas,...
Terrorismo, mafia, amenazas,...Terrorismo, mafia, amenazas,...
Terrorismo, mafia, amenazas,...
 
Reflejos_primitivos.pdf
Reflejos_primitivos.pdfReflejos_primitivos.pdf
Reflejos_primitivos.pdf
 
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
 

Aaaa

  • 1. Proteins H I B A H U S S E I N N A G H A M H O U J E I R Y
  • 2. Contents I n t r o d u c t i o n S t r u c t u r e s P r o t e i n d e n a t u r a t i o n F u n c t i o n s C h a p e r o n e s 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 .
  • 3. P r o t e i n s a r e l a r g e b i o l o g i c a l m o l e c u l e s c o n s i s t i n g o f o n e o r m o r e c h a i n s o f a m i n o a c i d s . P r o t e i n s d i f f e r f r o m o n e a n o t h e r p r i m a r i l y i n t h e i r s e q u e n c e o f a m i n o a c i d s . Introduction
  • 5. P r i m a r y s t r u c t u r e a m i n o a c i d s e q u e n c e d e t e r m i n e d b y g e n e l i n k e d t o e a c h o t h e r b y p e p t i d e b o n d s
  • 6. S e c o n d a r y s t r u c t u r e i t r e f e r s t o l o c a l f o l d i n g o f p r o t e i n s s t a b i l i z e d b y i n t e r m o l e c u l a r h y d r o g e n b o n d i n g o f a m i d e g r o u p s ,
  • 7. T e r t i a r y s t r u c t u r e i t i s f o r m e d b y d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f i n t e r a c t i o n s , s u c h a s h y d r o g e n b o n d i n g s , d i s u l f i d e b o n d s a n d h y d r o p h o b i c i n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n R g r o u p s
  • 8. Q u a t e r n a r y s t r u c t u r e t w o o r m o r e t e r t i a r y f o l d e d p e p t i d e s b o n d e d t o g e t h e r t o m a k e a f u n c t i o n a l p r o t e i n . s u c h a s h e m o g l o b i n .
  • 9.
  • 10. t h e l o s s o f s e c o n d a r y a n d t e r t i a r y s t r u c t u r e s i n a p r o t e i n o c c u r s w h e n c o n d i t i o n s c h a n g e s s u c h a s . i n c r e a s i n g t h e t e m p e r a t u r e . v e r y a c i d i c o r b a s i c P H . a d d i t i o n o f h e a v y m e t a l s . a d d i t i o n o f o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d . a d d i t i o n o f m e c h a n i c a l a g i t a t i o n Protein denaturation
  • 12. E n z y m e s a r e p r o t e i n s t h a t s p e e d u p c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n s . s o m e e n z y m e s a l s o a r e i n v o l v e d i n d i g e s t i o n ( l i p a s e , a m y l a s e , l a c t a s e . . . . . ) a l s o i n m o l e c u l a r b i o l o g y ( l i g a s e , p o l y m e r a s e ) c h a n n e l s a n d c a r r i e r p r o t e i n s t h a t a l l o w m o l e c u l e s t o e n t e r a n d e x i t t h e c e l l a l s o i t t r a n s p o r t m o l e c u l e s i n b l o o d s i n c e h e m o g l o b i n t r a n s p o r t s o x y g e n M E T A B O L I S M T R A N S P O R T
  • 13. t h e r e a r e s t r u c t u r a l p r o t e i n s s u c h a s K e r a t i n e ( h a i r a n d n a i l s ) a n d C o l l a g e n e ( l i g a m e n t s , t e n d o n s a n d s k i n S U P P O R T
  • 14. h o r m o n e s s u c h a s . I n s u l i n t h a t r e g u l a t e s t h e a m o u n t o f g l u c o s e i n t h e b l o o d . h u m a n g r o w t h h o r m o n e t h a t d e t e r m i n e t h e h e i g h t o f a p e r s o n . r e c e p t o r p r o t e i n s t h a t d e t e c t c h e m i c a l s i g n a l s . i n t e r c e l l u l a r m e s s e n g e r t h a t i n f l u e n c e m e t a b o l i s m R E G U L A T I O N
  • 15. a n t i b o d i e s t h a t c o m b a t b a c t e r i a a n d v i r u s e s . m u s c l e c o n t r a c t i o n ( a c t i n a n d m y o s i n ) . m o t o r p r o t e i n s i n t h e c e l l ( f l a g e l l a , c i l i a ) D E F E N S E M O T I O N
  • 16. S t o r a g e p r o t e i n s a r e m a i n l y p r e s e n t i n p l a n t s e e d s , e g g w h i t e s , a n d m i l k . T h e r e i s a l s o a n o t h e r t y p e o f s t o r a g e p r o t e i n . T h i s i s f e r r i t i n , w h i c h s t o r e s i r o n . S T O R A G E
  • 17.
  • 19. C h a p e r o n e s o r h e a t s h o c k p r o t e i n s a r e p r o t e i n s r e q u i r e d f o r t h e p r o p e r f o l d i n g a n d / o r a s s e m b l y o f a n o t h e r p r o t e i n o r p r o t e i n c o m p l e x . S o m e c h a p e r o n e s a r e i m p o r t a n t i n k e e p i n g t h e p r o t e i n u n f o l d e d u n t i l i t s s y n t h e s i s i s f i n i s h e d , o r a c t a s c a t a l y s t b y i n c r e a s i n g t h e r a t e s o f t h e f i n a l s t a g e s i n t h e f o l d i n g p r o c e s s
  • 20. References T e x t b o o k o f b i o c h e m i s t r y L i p p i n c o t t ' s r e v i e w s M a r k ' s b a s i c m e d i c a l b i o c h e m i s t r y W i k i p e d i a