Significance of Microbial Biotechnology in Economic Development of Pakistan.

1. SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN.
Ali Afzal
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2. SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL MIROBIAL
BIOTECNOLOGY IN ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT OF
PAKISTAN.
 Life, science, research and industry are developing
rapidly all over the world. Microbial biotechnology is
increasingly being regarded as a core subject in most
university and polytechnic life science courses.
 Agriculture is of immense importance for Pakistan.
 At the time of independence Pakistan was primarily
agriculture based country. But as time progressed
Pakistan turned into more diversified country as
industrialization took hold.
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3. Cont…
 The role of agriculture in the economic development of
Pakistan cannot be denied and Pakistan is still
characterized as an agricultural country.
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4. Main Industries in Pakistan
Following are the main industries of our country
 Textile Industry
 Sports Industry
 Sugar Industry
 Cement Industry
 Fertilizer Industry
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5. Role of microbial biotechnology in food
industry
 Biotechnology in the food processing sector makes use of
microorganisms for the preservation of food and for the
production of a range of value-added products such as
enzymes, flavor compounds, vitamins, microbial cultures and
food ingredients.
 Biotechnology as applied to food processing in most
developing countries makes use of microbial inoculants to
enhance properties such as the taste, aroma, shelf-life,
texture and maritional value of foods.
 The process whereby micro-organisms and their enzymes
bring about these desirable changes in food materials is
known as fermentation. Fermentation processing is also
widely applied in the production of microbial cultures,
enzymes, flavors, fragrances, food additives and a range of
other high value-added products.
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6. SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY
Microbial fertilization in cotton production:
 Over the past decade the number of field and
laboratory studies on PGP plant growth promotion microbial
inoculants for cotton has grown with several studies focusing on co-
inoculation with multiple organisms.
 Azotobacter , Azospirillum , Acetobacter and Pseudomonas genera
have been used as inoculants under irrigation. Multiple strains
increased boll number and weight, and could promote this
increased yield under reduced levels of chemical fertilization found
that using a mix of Azospirillum .
 In combination with NPK nitrogen,phosphorous,potassium
fertilization significantly increased cotton growth and yield in field
trials under drip irrigation.
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7. Effect of microbes on economic development
in Pakistan
 BT cotton:11 billion on insecticide. Bt cotton: 45 to 55%
reduction in insecticides Impact on economy: 13 to 14%
yield increase per acre as to conventional cotton (25 to
28 mound per acre)
 Bt rice : Bight reduce yield of basmati rice. Economical
loses Rs. 1.5 billion annually Bt rice impact on economy:
20 to 30% yield increase per acre as compare to
conventional rice (30 to 45 muund per acre)
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8. Present status in Pakistan
 It is estimated that presently,
 56,000 tons per day of solid waste is generated in Pakistan.
 Collection 51-69% A lot of potential for recycling and
involvement of private sector which is overlooked.
 No Disposal facilities.
 Industrial wastes are being simply treated as ordinary waste.
 None of the cities in Pakistan has a proper solid waste
management system right from collection of solid waste up to
its proper disposal.
 Much of the uncollected waste poses serious risk to public
health through clogging of drains, formation of stagnant
ponds and providing breeding ground for mosquitoes and
flies with consequent risk of malaria and cholera.
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9. Significance of pharmaceutical biotechnology
in economic development of Pakistan
 The commonest form of diabetes, caused by a deficiency of
the pancreatic hormone insulin, which results in a failure to
metabolize sugars and starch.
 Insulin production is done by the help of E.coli through
recombinant DNA technology. The gene for the production of
human insulin has been transferred into the genome of the
common intestinal tract bacterium Escherichia coli Successful
expression and excretion of human insulin by the bacteria
allows the production of a large amount of insulin.
 Additionally, because the insulin is identical to that produced
in a human being, the chance of immune reaction against the
protein is virtually nonexistent. The example of insulin reflects
both the health benefit of the use of microbes and the
economic benefit to be realized, since the mass production of
insulin that is possible using bacteria lowers the cost of the
product.
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10. Conclusion
 Microbial biotechnology play an important role in
agriculture sector, food industry, bio fertilizer,
pharmaceutical company, antibiotic production and
combating disease.
 It play a significant role in economic development of
Pakistan and more investment is need to be done on
microbial biotechnology in order to flourish the economy
of Pakistan as compared to other countries.
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