How to reference in academic papares

1. Referencing
by Bordunos Aleksandra
Talent-a.livejournal.com

2. Content
 Citing
 Referencing styles
 Notes/Bibliography style
 Author/Date style

3. Why
When
What
Citing

4. 3W of citing: why?
For others
 to avoid plagiarism
 to engage in written
academic conversations
 to inform the reader of your
paper where they should
look if they want to find the
same sources

5. 3W of citing: why?
For me
 shows the amount of
research you've done
 strengthens your work by
lending outside support to
your ideas, adds credibility
to your work
 emphasizes the originality of
your own work, helping
distinguish your ideas from
those of your sources.

6. 3W of citing:
when and what?
When to cite?
Whenever use quotes or charts,
pictures, etc. from an other source
Whenever paraphrase
Whenever use an idea that
someone else has already
expressed
Whenever make specific
reference to the work of another
whenever someone else's work has
been critical in developing your
own ideas
What to cite?
 information about the
author
 the title of the work
 the name and location of
the company that
published your copy of the
source
 the date your copy was
published
 the page numbers of the
material you are borrowing

7. Citing types
Quoting (direct citing)
 Using the author's exact words.
Paraphrasing
 Restating the author's words or
ideas without altering the
meaning or providing
interpretation. Are about the
same length as the original.
Summarizing
 Condensing the author's
words or ideas, but
presenting the original
information in a nutshell.
• To support or add credibility to
arguments
• The original is difficult to rephrase
• The original is so good that you want to
preserve the language
• BUT analyze and do well-crafted
transitions
• Use your own words, do not copy
author's style
• Do not include your
interpretation/analysis within the
summary - make a clear distinction
between your thoughts and someone
else's
• Always include a citation
• Use quotation marks when using exact
words of an author
• Include the key relevant elements of the
original and keep it brief - you're just
going for the original's essence

8. Citing types
• To support or add credibility to
arguments
• The original is difficult to rephrase
• The original is so good that you want to
preserve the language
• BUT analyze and do well-crafted
• Utrsaen syiotiounr sown words, do not copy
author's style
• Do not include your
interpretation/analysis within the
summary - make a clear distinction
between your thoughts and someone
else's
• Always include a citation
• Use quotation marks when using exact
words of an author
• Include the key relevant elements of the
original and keep it brief - you're just
going for the original's essence

9. Referencing Styles

10. Referencing styles
ГОСТ Р 7.0.5- 2008
Система стандартов по
информации, библиотечному и
издательскому делу
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ
ССЫЛКА
Общие требования и правила
составления
Incl. ISO 690-2:1997,
ISO 690: 2010
“Information and
documentation -- Guidelines
for
ISO 690: 1987
bibliographic references
and citations
to information resources”

11. Referencing styles
ISO 690: 1987
• Notes/bibliography style, also known as
"Humanities style." Sources are cited
through footnotes (or endnotes) and a
bibliography
bibliographic references
and citations
• Author/date style, also known as
to information resources” 2010 CMS, CMOS, Chicago,
since 1906
"Scientific/Social Sciences style." Sources
are cited through parenthetical
author/date references in the text and a
reference list
A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate L. Turabian

12. Referencing styles
Helpers
 RefWorks
 Zotero
Mendeley
 EndNote
 EasyBib
 Citation Builder
 LaTeX
MS Word 2013
for Windows
• https://www.zotero.org/su
pport/quick_start_guide

13. Referencing styles
MS Word for Mac
(Graber 2002)

14. Referencing styles
References are
organised in
projects and can
be copied or
shared through a
wide range of apps
(Email, Messages,
Notes, Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth,
Facebook, Twitter,
Dropbox, Google+,
etc.) so you can
easily continue your
work anywhere.

15. How to cite elements
Archived Content
Step 1. Identify the category
of the product or service you
want to cite
Step 2. Identify what
information you need to
include in your reference
Step 3. Use your preferred
style to finish your reference
The most important elements to include are:
Author/Creator - the personal name of the
researcher, or the institution that collected
the data.
Title - as it appears in the record for the
dataset, including table or catalogue
numbers if they are provided.
Publication date
Identifier and/or Link
Other elements that may be good to
include:
Edition or Version - if it is one that undergoes
continuous changes.
Resource Type – if your style allows
Publisher - This could be the repository where
it's located, or whoever has verified the
data.

16. Notes/Bibliography
style

17. Journal (Chicago)

18. Footnotes-consequence
 Chicago style  ГОСТ Р7.0.5 2008
The numbers in the notes are full size, not
raised, and followed by a period.
Citations in notes are single-spaced, but
there is a double space between entries.
The first line is indented.
*"ibid." (short for 'ibidem’ "in the same place")
Подстрочная / затекстовая
библиографическая ссылка
1Адорно Т.В. К логике
социальных наук // Вопр.
философии. — 1992. — №
10. — С. 76—86.
2 Вопр. философии. 1992.
№ 10. С. 76—86.
или
3 Там же. С. 76-86. (или 76-
86 с.)
Footnote
…дает работа библиографа
И.М. Кауфмана1.
… дает работа библиографа
И.М. Кауфмана [59].
Subsequent notes
Immediately following notes

19. References in Text:
Footnotes
 What if

20. References in Text: DOI
 How to find DOI

21. Author/Date
style

22. References in Text:
Text Citations
ГОСТ Р7.0.5 2008
Chicago style
 Single Author (Nairn 1997), (Nairn
1997, 73), (Kurland and Lerner,
chap. 10, doc. 19)
Multiple Authors (Geis and Bunn
1997), if >4 (Barnes et al. 2010)
 Group or Corporate Author
(Global Environment Coordination
1994)
 Citations taken from secondary
sources quoting original works
(quoted in Rathbun 2001)
Web-site (Google 2009)
 E-mail (John Doe, pers. comm.)
 [Porter, 1994], [Porter, 1994b, p. 45],
[Иванов, 1991б, с. 45],
 [Porter, 1994b; Иванов, 1991],[Porter,
Yansen, 1991b; Иванов, 1991].
 [Гуриев и др., 2002], [Bevan et al.,
2001].

23. References in Text:
Text Citations
What if
 Author included in the sentence:
Baumgartner and Morris (2006)
 The source doesn't have an author:
mention the title in the sentence or use
the first few words of the title in the
parenthetical citation
 The source doesn't have pages:
(Yetman, under "Slave Narratives
during Slavery and After”)
 If you cannot find the date:
use n.d. (= no date).
 If second referencing is in-texted
Jean Smith (1987), as
summarized by Jones (2007)
highlights the application of
‘organizational devolution’...
Or
Smith’s (1987) ‘organizational
devolution’ indicates this
possibility (Jones 2007, p. 45).

24. Bibliography or
Reference Lists
Bibliography vs Reference list
• Annenberg Public Policy Center. "Daily
Show viewers knowledgeable about
presidential campaign, National
Annenberg Election Survey shows."
NAES04: National Annenberg Election
Survey.
http://www.annenbergpublicpolicycente
r.org/Downloads/Political_Communicatio
n/naes/2004_03_late-night-knowledge-
2_9-21_pr.pdf.
• Yetman, Norman R. 2001. "An
Introduction to the WPA Slave
Narratives." Born in Slavery:
Slave Narratives from the
Federal Writers' Project, 1936-
1938.
http://memory.loc.gov/amme
m/snhtml/snhome.html.
Geis, Gilbert, and Ivan Bunn. 1997. A
Trial of Witches: A Seventeenth-Century
Witchcraft Prosecution. London:
Routledge.
Graber, Doris A. Mass Media and
American Politics. 6th ed.
Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2002.

25. Bibliography or
Reference Lists
 ГОСТ Р7.0.5 2008
Монография:
Rumelt R. 1974. Strategy, Structure and
Economic Performance. Harvard University
Press: Cambridge, MA.
Публикация в сборнике или
продолжающемся издании:
Porter M. 1994. Toward a dynamic theory of
strategy. In: Rumelt R., Schendel D., Teece D.
(eds.). Fundamental Issues in Strategy: A
Research Agenda. Harvard Business School
Press: Boston, MA; 423–461.
Статья:
Hamel G. 1996. Strategy as revolution.
Harvard Business Review 74 (4): 69–80.
Barlett C., Goshal S. 1993. Beyond the M-form,
towards a managerial theory of the firm.
Strategic Management Journal 14 (Winter
Special issue): 23–46.
14. Экономика и политика России и
государств ближнего зарубежья:
аналит. обзор, апр. 2007 / Рос. акад.
наук, Ин-т мировой экономики и
междунар. отношений. М.,: ИМЭМО,
2007. 39 с.
16. Валукин М. Е. Эволюция движений
в мужском классическом танце. М.:
ГИТИС, 2006. 251 с.
17. Об индивидуальной помощи в
получении образования: (О
содействии образованию): федер.
закон Федератив. Респ. Германия от 1
апр. 2001 г. // Образовательное
законодательство зарубежных стран.
— М., 2003. — Т. 3. — С. 422—464.
 What does RJM expect?

26. Sources used
• https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20110928111055_949.pdf
• http://web.williams.edu/
• http://owl.english.purdue.edu
• http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/library/plagi
arism/tutorial/5paraphrasing.ph…
• http://lugin.r u/inf or ma tion/e xpla
na tion- on- quoting.html
• http://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/writing/c
hicago-turabian
• http://www.rjm.ru/avtoram/pravila/
• http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ГОСТ_Р_7.0.5—2008
• http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ch10_s1-0001.html