1. Unit 2: Goverment, political
organization, economy…
CULTURA INGLESA
HORA: M3
ADRIANA ZÚÑIGA GUTIERREZ
ALEJANDRO MARTINEZ GARCIA
ADRIAN VEGA MAGAÑA

2. México
xi

3. Government
 The United Mexican States are
a federation whose government
is representative, democratic and republ
ican based on a presidential system
according to the 1917 Constitution.

4. The constitution sets
three levels of
government: the
federal Union, the
state governments
and the municipal
governments.

5. Political organization
According to the constitution, all
constituent states of the federation must
have a republican form of government
composed of three branches: the
executive, the legislative branch and
the judiciary.
Let’s explain each of them…

7.  The Senate is conformed by a total of 128
senators:
-64 senators, two for each state and two for
the Federal District, elected by plurality in
pairs.
-32 senators assigned to the first minority or
first-runner up (one for each state and one
for the Federal District)
-32 are assigned by proportional
representation with closed party lists for
which the country conforms a single
electoral constituency.

8.  The Chamber of Deputies of the Congress of
the Union is conformed by:
-300 deputies elected by plurality.
-200 deputies by proportional representation
with closed party lists.
 The Supreme Court of Justice, comprised by
eleven judges appointed by the President with
Senate approval.

9. Elections
 Presidential elections are scheduled
every six years, except in the
exceptional case of absolute
absence of the president.
 Legislative elections are scheduled
every six years for the Senate, to be
fully renewed in elections held
concurrently with the presidential
elections; and every three years for
the Chamber of Deputies.
 State governors are also elected
every six years, whereas the
legislatures are renewed every three
years.

10. Military
 The Mexican Armed Forces have two branches:
the Mexican Army (which includes the Mexican
Air Force), and the Mexican Navy.

11. Economy
 The Ministry of Economy reported that Mexico
tops the list of silver production worldwide,
indicating that mining is considered the third
largest source of income, just below the oil
production and the automotive industry.

12.  Its principal trade association is the North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA. or
T.L.C.A.N., for its acronym in Spanish) are
integrated by United States and Canada.

13. Right of veto
 This is the right of the President of the Republic
to ratify or check a bill that had been approved
by the chamber of deputies and senators.

14. United States
Government

15. The United States is the world's oldest
surviving federation. It is a constitutional
republic and representative democracy, "in
which majority rule is tempered by minority
rights protected by law". The government is
regulated by a system of checks and
balances defined
by the U.S.
Constitution,
which serves as
the country's
supreme legal
document.

16. In the American federalist
system, citizens are usually
subject to three levels of
government, federal, state,
and local; the local
government's duties are
commonly split
between county and
municipal governments. In
almost all cases, executive
and legislative officials are
elected by a plurality vote of
citizens by district.

17. The bicameral Congress, made up of
the Senate and the House of Representatives,
makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties,
Legislative:
has the power of the purse, and has the power
of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting
members of the government.
The president is the commander-in-chief of the
military, can veto legislative bills before they become
law, and appoints the members of the
Executive:
Cabinet (subject to Senate approval) and other
officers, who administer and enforce federal laws
and policies.
The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose
judges are appointed by the president with Senate
Judicial:
approval, interpret laws and overturn those they
find unconstitutional

18.  The House of Representatives has 435
voting members, each representing
a congressional district for a two-year
term.
 The president is not elected by direct
vote, but by an indirect electoral
college system in which the
determining votes are apportioned to
the states and the District of
Columbia. The Supreme Court, led by
the Chief Justice of the United States,
has nine members, who serve for life.
 Some state judges and cabinet
officers are appointed by the
governors of the respective states,
while others are elected by popular
vote.

19.  The Senate has 100 members with
each state having two senators,
elected at-large to six-year terms;
one third of Senate seats are up
for election every other year. The
president serves a four-year term
and may be elected to the
office no more than twice. The
president is not elected by direct
vote, but by an indirect electoral
college system in which the
determining votes are
apportioned to the states and
the District of Columbia.
Supreme Court of the United States

20. United Kingdom
Goverment

21.  The United Kingdom is governed within the framework of
a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is the head of
state and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of
government.
 This means that although The Queen Elizabeth II is officially the
head of the state, the country is actually run by the goverment,
led by the Prime Minister.
The Prime Minister selects
all the
remaining Ministers. The
Prime Minister and the
other most senior
Ministers belong to the
supreme decision-
making committee,
known as the Cabinet.

22.  Though the Queen Elizabeth II takes little direct part in government,
the Crown remains the fount in which ultimate executive power
over Government lies. These powers are known as Royal
Prerogative and can be used for a vast amount of things, such as
the issue or withdrawal of passports, to the dismissal of the Prime
Minister or even the Declaration of War.
The powers are
delegated from the The Queen is also
Monarch personally, the Head of the
in the name of the Church of England,
Crown, and can be she appoints
handed to various archbishops and
ministers, or other bishops on the
Officers of the Crown, advice of the Prime
and can purposely Minister.
bypass the consent of
Parliament.
The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom

24. Economy of the UK
The UK is one of the world's most globalised countries. London is the world's
largest financial centre alongside New York.
The main products of exportation in the UK are Machinery and transport. Also the
weapons industry.
The pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in the UK economy and the
country has the third-highest share of global pharmaceutical expenditures.
Britain is also a major supplier of plastics, aerospace products, and electronic
equipment.

25. Right of Veto
 In the United Kingdom, the royal veto ("withholding Royal
Assent") was last exercised in 1707 by Queen Anne with
the Scottish Militia Bill 1708.
 In Westminster Systems the power to veto legislation by
withholding the Royal Assent is a rarely used reserve
power of the monarch. In practice, the Crown follows the
convention of exercising its prerogative on the advice of its
chief advisor, the prime minister.
 The House of Lords used to have the power of veto. The
Parliamentary Acts of 1911 and 1949 saw their powers
reduced to being able to amend and delay legislation.
They are able to delay legislation for up to one year. Under
the 1911 Act, money bills may not be delayed.