Consists what is paraphrase and to to deal with that....

1. PARAPHRASING
Techniques
Tactics to rewrite something
in a different way

2. Paraphrasing
 To paraphrase is to say the same thing in
another way, using your own words.
 We can successfully paraphrase by using
a combination of techniques.

3. Paraphrasing
Techniques
ν Change from a Clause to a Phrase (or
vice versa)
ν Change from Quoted Speech to
Indirect Speech (or vice versa)
ν Change from Active Voice to Passive
Voice (or vice versa)
ν Change to Synonyms
ν Change Word Forms

4. Phrase –Clause - Sentence
 Phrase is a combination of words. It has some
meaning. However, it does not have subject or
verb!
 Clause is also a combination of some words but
it has a subject and verb. It has full meaning.
However both phrase & clause are the parts of
sentence!
 Sentence has predicate. It may have phrases &
clauses. It is the unit of thought.

5. Phrase –Clause - Sentence
 Subhash expects a PRIZE. (word)
 Subhash expects TO GET A PRIZE. (phrase)
 Subhash expects THAT HE WILL GET A
PRIZE. (clause)
 SUBHASH EXPECTS THAT HE WILL GET
A PRIZE. (sentence)

6. Noun Phrases examples
 She wants to participate in Chess.
 Her getting success is not a surprise to
us.

7. Adjective Phrases
 She is an honest girl.(adjective)
 She is a girl having an honest character.(Adj.
phrase)
 BUT
 She is a girl who has an honest character.
(Adj. clause)

8. Adverb Phrases
 This horse runs swiftly.(adverb)
 This horse runs in a swift manner.
(adverb phrase)

9. Clauses
 Clause is also a combination of some words but
it has a subject and verb. It has meaning. It is a
part of sentence.
 Thermo-dynamics is a subject,
which is interesting but difficult to
understand!

10. Noun Clauses
 What you said is correct. (S of V)
 I know that you cleared all your backlogs.
(O of V)
 She differs from what you say. (O of Prep.)

11. Noun Clauses
 The fact is that he is unable to work.
(Complement of verb)
 The reason that his parents were unwilling is
doubtful. (Apposition to a noun)
 It is certain that Tony will come tomorrow.
(Antecedent of a pronoun)

12. Adjective Clauses
 That is the book which I lost in the compound.
 This is the house that my grand father built.
 He is the man who is both clever and industrious.

13. Adverb Clauses
 When the bell rings, the lesson begins (Adv of T)
(when, after, before, since, whenever, till, as long
as, as soon as, no sooner ….)
 They went where they could get money.
(Adv of P) [starts with where, wherever, whence, …)
 She works hard that he may get good marks.
(Adv. of Purpose) (starts with that, lest …)

14. Adverb Clauses
 She failed because she did not study well.
( of Reason)
 (starts with because, as, since, that...)
 You may go if you wish.(of Condition)
 (starts with if, whether, unless)
 He was so tired that he could not complete it.
(of Result/Effect/Consequence)
 (starts with that. But so/such will be in the clause)

15. Adverb Clauses
 Gold is costlier than silver.
(of Degree of comparison)
 (starts with than)
 Even if it rains, I shall start.(of supposition)
 (starts with even if)
 Though he is poor, he is honest.(of concession)
 (starts with though, although…)

16. Adverb Clauses
 Do as I tell you. (of manner)
 (generally starts with as )

17. Parenthetical Clause
 I lost my purse, I don’t know how, just when I was
getting into the train and felt a lot of
inconvenience in my journey.
 The Chameleon –strange it may appear-- changes
its colour very often and eats the air for its food.
 The Chameleon (strange it may appear) changes its
colour very often and eats the air for its food.

18. Change from a Clause to a Phrase
 After he studied, John took a nap.
 After studying, John took a nap.
♦The house across the street is new.
♦The house that is across the street is new.

19. Change from Quoted Speech to
Indirect Speech
 Mr. Lee said, “I am ready for lunch.”
 Mr. Lee said he was ready for lunch.
“I am ready
for lunch.”

20. Change from Active Voice to
Passive Voice
 A hotel employee will carry your bags.
 Your bags will be carried by a hotel
employee.

21. ……and replace words with
synonyms.
 A hotel employee will carry your bags.
 Your bags will be carried by a hotel
employee.
♦Your luggage will be picked up by a bell boy.

22. Change Word Forms
 Use an adverb instead of an adjective
 Use a verb to replace a noun.
 GROG is an accurate typist.
 GROG types accurately.

23. Change to Synonyms
 Replace the original words with words
that mean the same.
The stallion was content with the mare.
The stallion was happy with the mare.

24. When You can’t find a Synonym
 Replace the original word with a definition.
 The stallion was content with the mare.
 The male horse was happy with the female
horse.

25. Combine Techniques
Change to a phrase & add synonyms or
definitions
 After he ate lunch, Mike took a nap.
 After eating lunch, Mike slept a little.

26. Combine Techniques
Change to a phrase & add synonyms or
definitions
 The house that is across the street is old.
 The house across the street is old.
 The house on the other side of the street is old.
 The dwelling on the other side of the road is
ancient.

27. Interpret Meaning…….Identify the underlying
meaning of a statement.
The wolf said, “I am ready for lunch.”
The sheep looked very worried.
The wolf complained about being hungry
which made the sheep extremely anxious.
I am ready
for Lunch

28. Change transitions
 Although it was raining, Bob walked to work.
 It was raining, but Bob walked to work.
 It was raining; however, Bob walked to work.

29. …… and change word forms
 Although it was raining, Bob walked to work.
 It was raining, but Bob walked to work.
 It was raining; however, Bob walked to work.
♦Despite the rain, Bob went to work on foot.

30. Your Turn
Paraphrase the following:
• Today, people are worried about internet security.
• Advocates of internet tracking believe that it helps
marketers to understand what people want.
• People who oppose internet tracking believe that it is
an invasion of privacy.
• This information age will cause more and more
people to become concerned with the level of
personal detail that can be found from the internet.