2. Encephalitis is the acute inflammation of the brain
resulting either from a viral infection or when the
body own immune system mistakenly attacks
brain tissue.The most common cause is viral
infection.
There are two main types of encephalitis:
1. primary and
2.secondary.
3. Primary encephalitis occurs when a virus
directly infects the brain and spinal cord.
Arbovirus (e,g. Japanese encephalitis)
Enterovirus (e.g poliovirus)
Herpes simplex
Mumps, measles
HIV
Cytomegalovvirus (CMV)
Epstein-BarrVirus (EBV)
5. Secondary encephalitis:
The patients immune system treat healthy
brain cells as foreign organism and destroy
them
6. Age. Some types of encephalitis are more common or more
severe in certain age groups. In general, young children and
older adults are at greater risk of most types of viral
encephalitis.
Weakened immune system. People who have HIV/AIDS,
take immune-suppressing drugs or have another condition
causing a weakened immune system are at increased risk of
encephalitis.
Geographical regions. Mosquito- or tick-borne viruses are
common in particular geographical regions.
Season of the year. Mosquito- and tick-borne diseases tend
to be more common.
10. loss of memory
behavioral/personality changes
epilepsy
fatigue
physical weakness
intellectual disability
lack of muscle coordination
vision problems
hearing problems
speaking issues
coma
difficulty breathing
death
11. rest
pain killers
corticosteroids (to reduce brain inflammation)
mechanical ventilation (to help with breathing)
lukewarm sponge baths
anticonvulsants (to prevent or stop seizures)
sedatives (for restlessness, aggressiveness, and
irritability)
fluids (sometimes through an IV)
antiviral
12. Maintain adequate oxygenation
-administer oxygen therapy
-assess frequently for sign of dyspnea and
cyanosis
Protect patient from injury
-putting the cot’s side rail up
-observing frequently
administer basic hygiene care
13. Control high temperature
Remove excess body cloth
Give tepid bath, if temperature is high
Administer antipyretic drugs
Maintain a cool room temperature
Lessen headache
Elevate the head to 30 degrees
Apply ice pack
Maintain quite dark environment
Administer analgesics, if ordered