Making and problem solving skills, M.A Candidate : Akram J. N. Nasser Supervisor by Asst. Prof. Dr. Elaf Riyadh University of Baghdad

2. University of Baghdad
Collage of Education / Ibn Rushed for Human Sciences
Department of English
M.A. Study
Making and problem solving skills
A Week Papers
Submitted by:
M.A Candidate : Akram J. N. Nasser
Methods Of Teaching English
Supervisor by Asst. Prof. Dr.
Elaf Riyadh
2020 H.A 1441 A.H

6. What the meaning of Problem solving
Critical Thinking Defined, It is a purposeful mental
activity that helps formulate or solve problems, make
decisions, or fulfill a desire to understand. Problem
solving is a cognitive processing directed at achieving
a goal where no solution method is obvious to the
problem solver.
The problem solving technique involves the means
and ways of finding the solution by closing the gap.
Although many problems turn out to have several
solutions (the means to close the gap or correct the
deviation), difficulties arise where such means are
either not obvious or are not immediately available.

7. We can say, it is an analytical process used to identify
the possible solutions to any situation. Making
decisions is a part of problem solving and It is a
complex process. Decision making is a choice made by
using one’s judgment. The art of making sound
decisions is a particularly important skill for leaders
and managers etc.
You may need to make numerous decisions as part of
the problem-solving process and of course leaders
and managers will need to use their decision-making
skills to determine which solution to pursue. They will
also typically need to confirm and set into motion
next steps to fix the problem

8. There are several methods you can use to improve your
problem-solving skills. Whether you are searching for a job or
currently working, improving your problem-solving skills and
associated abilities will help make you a strong candidate and
employee.
1- Acquire more technical knowledge in your field:-
Depending on your industry, it may be easier to solve problems
if you have strong working technical knowledge. You can more
technical knowledge through additional coursework, training or
practice.
2- Seek out opportunities to problem solve:-
By putting yourself into new situations, you are more likely to
be exposed to opportunities to problem solve. You may find
there are opportunities to volunteer for new projects in your
current role, on another team or outside the workplace for
another organization.

10. 3- Do practice problems:-
Practice and role-play can be useful tools when learning to
develop your problem-solving skills. You can find professional
practice books for your industry and problem-solving scenarios
online. Practice how you might solve those problems and
determine if your potential solutions are viable. For example, in
customer service you might find a scenario like, “How would
you handle an angry customer?” or “How do you respond when
a customer asks for a refund?” Practicing how you might handle
these or other scenarios common in your industry can help you
call upon solutions quickly when they arise on the job.
4- Observe how others problem solve:-
You may have colleagues who are skilled problem solvers.
Observing how those colleagues solve problems can help you
improve your own skills. If possible, ask one of your more
experienced colleagues if you can observe their techniques.
Asking relevant questions can be helpful in applying them in
your own career.

12. Goals What is a Goal ?
Goals can be anything that you wish to achieve or where
you want to be.
Goals may not be strictly measurable or tangible..
Example: If you are hungry, then your goal is to eat
something.
Barriers What is a Barrier ?
Barriers are the obstacles that prevent the achievement
of goals in problem solving.
If there are no barriers in the way of achieving a goal,
then there would be no problem. Following previous
example;
If you feel hungry, then your goal is to eat.
A barrier to this may be that you have no food available.
You may take a trip to the supermarket and buy some
food, removing the barrier and thus solve the problem.

13. Basic Questions to ask in defining the Problem
(Regardless of the skill used)
• Who is causing the problem?
• Who says this is a problem?
• Who are impacted by this problem?
• What will happen if this problem is not solved?
• Where does this problem occur?
• Where does this problem have an impact?
• When does this problem occur?
• When did this problem first start occurring?
• Why is this problem occurring?, Why?, Why?
• How are people currently handling the problem?