its contain the design factors of ergonomic anthropometry in product design

1. Guided by
ABHILASH S S
Assistant professor
Department of Mechanical Engg
Submitted by
AKHIL ISAC
Roll No : 462
Mechanical Production
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2. Table of Content
1. INTRODUCTION
i) Anthropometry
ii) Ergonomics
2. APPLICATIONS
i) Carpet waving hand tool
ii) EEG Headset
iii) Helmet Shell
iv) Driver Seat
v) Other Applications
3. CONCLUTION
4. REFERENCES
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3. Anthropometry is the part of anthropology (study of humans)
having to do with measurements of the human body to determine
differences in races, individuals, etc…
Anthropo – Greek meaning “human”
metry – Greek meaning “the process of measuring”
Anthropometry literally means “the process of measuring
humans.”
The formal definition is the measurement of the size and
proportions of the human body.
What is Anthropometry
INTRODUCTION
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4.  Ergonomics is the relationship between people and the
products which they use, anthropometric data is used to help
design products to meet ergonomic needs.
 Ergonomics is the study of the interaction between the
human body, products and the surrounding environment.
 It is a key factor in the design of all products from furniture to
handheld gadgets. It is an essential part of the design process
 Ergonomics deals with the implementation of this knowledge in
order to make better fitting products.
What is Ergonomics
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5. The field of ergonomics employs
anthropometry to optimize human
interaction with equipment and
workplaces.
Source :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometry
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6. In carpet weaving operation, more than 10 different kinds of hand
tools are applied among them weaving comb, knife and scissors
are the most commonly used.
These are cheap tools made by blacksmiths using traditional and
primitive technology from unsuitable materials and workmanship
that noticeably contribute to accidents.
 They are traditionally designed and no ergonomics principle is
applied in their structures
Carpet weaving hand tools
APPLICATIONS
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7. hand-made carpet weavers were exposed to varying degrees of
repetitive and forceful hand and wrist motions.
With non-ergonomic hand tools and they seemed to be at increased
risk of developing upper limbs musculoskeletal symptoms and
carpal tunnel syndrome .
 Poor design of hand tools may result in cumulative trauma
disorders
Ergonomically well-designed hand tools may reduce the risk of
occupational injuries of the upper limbs.
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8. designing/redesigning weaving comb, knife and scissors as the most
commonly used hand tools in carpet weaving operation were in central
attention
In the design phase the following procedure was followed
1. Providing a collection of carpet weaving hand tools currently used
in weaving operation.
2. Studying carpet weaving hand tools during work for considering
design/redesign requirements.
3. Determining their specifications including weight, texture, handle
shape and hand posture during hand tools application.
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9. 4. Developing new models of hand tools according to hand
anthropometric characteristics of the weavers.
5. Making prototypes.
6. Testing the prototypes based on a usability test protocol.
7. Redesigning the prototypes regarding the results of usability
test.
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10. Left : Traditional design
Right : Comb with new ergonomic
handle
Weaver’s hand posture during work
with weaving comb prototype
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Source : Ergonomic design of carpet weaving hand tools

11. 11
Source : Ergonomic design of carpet weaving hand tools
Weaving Knife :
Top : knife with new ergonomic handle
Bottom : traditional design
Weaver’s hand posture during work
with weaving knife prototype

12. Weaving scissors
Top: Scissors with new ergonomic handles
Bottom: traditional design
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Source : Ergonomic design of carpet weaving hand tools

13. 3D anthropometry and statistical shape modeling have been
shown to improve the fit of devices such as helmets and
respirators, and thus they might also be suitable to design BCI
(brain-computer interfacing) headgear that better fits the size and
shape variation of the human head.
Brain activity can be captured by a technique called Electro-
Encephalo Graphy (EEG), which detects voltage difference
between certain points on the human cranium.
EEG HEADSET
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14. Continued…..
EEG measurement requires a number of electrodes to make
electrical contact with the scalp on certain locations, specified
by the international 10-20 system of electrode placement.
A number of reasons for this can be found in the history of the
10-20 system. First and foremost, human heads vary in size
and shape.
A bad fit causes electrodes to lose skin contact, shift during
use and deviate from their target positions.
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15. 15
Source: Ergonomic design of an EEG headset using 3D anthropometry

16. Disadvantage of traditional anthropometry is the assumption that
several body dimensions vary uniformly.
e.g. if the head length increases, the head width is expected to
also increase by the same amount.
When the measurements are performed by non experts, the
variation in measurements made by the same observer on the
same subject is in some cases even higher than the variation
between those made by different observers .
Though there are a number of procedures to quantify
measurement errors.
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17. New methods for registering body shapes have become available,
the most important of which is 3D scanning.
This has led to the development of 3D anthropometry, in which
statistical shape analysis is performed on large collections of 3D
scans.
 Shape modeling reveals valuable information on local and global
shape variation and has been demonstrated to lead to
improvements in product fit .
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18. Reference points annotated on the average human head
Source: Ergonomic design of an EEG headset using 3D anthropometry
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19. 19
Emotive Epoc BCI headset
Source: Ergonomic design of an EEG headset using 3D anthropometry

20. It is reasonable to presume that 3D anthropometry will become a
valuable asset for the design of BCI headsets.
A one-size-fits-all BCI headset is created using a statistical shape
model of the human scalp, and the electrode fit is verified with a
3D-printed prototype
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21. 21
Source: Ergonomic design of an EEG headset using 3D anthropometry
Prototype

22. Helmets are personal protective equipment widely used in
construction, manufacturing, sports, security, riding/driving, and the
military
helmets are worn for long periods of time, causing complaints of
discomfort and pain.
A helmet’s weight, stability, and ability to protect are especially
important.
fitting design according to head shape can significantly reduce the
weight and enhance the stability of a helmet.
HELMET SHELL
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23. The ergonomic design of helmets is very important for those who
wear them for long periods on the job.
The traditional helmet design process takes a long time, and is thus
unsuitable for individually customized shape design.
Development of 3D anthropometric measurement technology, it
has become possible to obtain 3D information about the surface of
the human body
Based on 3D anthropometric data, it is possible to create more
accurate 3D models of the human body surface with CAD
software.
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24. Source : Rapid preliminary helmet shell design based on three-dimensional anthropometric head data
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25. •The distance (H1) between the lowest point of SecCrv-B and the top point of the
head, which determines the height of the shell .
•The distance (H2) between the front segment (nearly linear) of SecCrv-B and the
top point of the head, which determines range of vision.
•The inclination angle (A) of the back part (nearly linear) of SecCrv -B to the
horizontal surface, which determines how far the head can tilt upwards.
• The whole SecCrv-B curve decides the protection area of the head.
25
Source : Rapid preliminary helmet shell design based on three-dimensional anthropometric head data

26. 26
Source : Rapid preliminary helmet shell design based on three-dimensional anthropometric head data

27. The whole program has been written in such a way that the user
only has to input the minimum and essential data to design a new
helmet shell.
After the parameters have been specified and all key curves have
been modified or accepted, the user can click the Generate button
to create the new helmet shell.
Under the above design conditions, it took just a couple of
minutes to develop the new helmet shell , It would take about a
month to design a helmet shell using the traditional method
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28. Properties of the original and redesigned safety helmet shell
Helmet shell Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) Mass(g)
Original
Redesigned
273.4
238.9
242.1
240.5
182.3
172.8
1468
1280
Source : Rapid preliminary helmet shell design based on three-dimensional anthropometric head data
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29. An ergonomically designed driver’s seat is crucial in ensuring
quality, comfort and safe driving.
 The increase in road accidents every year is mostly linked to
drivers’ fatigue. Therefore, posture comfort is an important aspect
in driver’s seat design.
To create a driver’s seat which gives comfort while driving, the
design of the seat needs to take into account anthropometric data
which differ according to the population that uses the seat.
 These anthropometric data will be used in determining the most
suitable parameter of a driver’s seat.
DRIVER SEAT
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30. Types of driving posture
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Source: Incorporating Malaysian’s Population Anthropometry Data in the Design of an Ergonomic Driver’s Seat

31. The adjustability of the driver’s seat was the most cited
parameter as having the most influence on safety and comfort
level.
 It is clear that the respondents used the adjustability function
to alter their sitting posture.
 The second most cited parameter is the seat followed by
parameters of backrest; cushion material, cushion width, head
rest and cushion length.
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32. Proposed dimensions for driver’s seat
Driver’s seat dimension of PM1 and PS1
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Source: Incorporating Malaysian’s Population Anthropometry Data in the Design of an Ergonomic Driver’s Seat

33. 33
Source: Incorporating Malaysian’s
Population Anthropometry Data in the
Design of an Ergonomic Driver’s Seat

34. Mobile Phones
Head sets
Computer Tables & Chair
Other Applications
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35. CONCLUTIONS
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 3D anthropometric data was used in the design process of a BCI headset. A
one-size-fits-all BCI headset frame was based on a statistical shape model
of the human scalp and 3D printed.
 The new ergonomically designed weaving hand tools were found to be
applicable and acceptable for the carpet weavers.
 The computer-aided tool based on the proposed semi-parametric helmet
shell model can rapidly generate a preliminary design of a safety helmet
shell in reference to 3D anthropometric measurement of a human head.
 new ergonomically designed driver’s seat was developed so as to improve
the safety and comfort level.

36. REFERENCES
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[1] Deros, B. M., Hassan, N. H. H., Daruis, D. D. I., & Tamrin, S. B. M. (2015).
Incorporating Malaysian's Population Anthropometry Data in the Design of
an Ergonomic Driver's Seat. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195,
2753-2760.
[2] Kharb, S. S., & Belokar, R. M. (2017). Study of the role of Anthropometry in
Designing. Journal of Mechanical and Mechanics Engineering, 3(1, 2), 66-71.
[3] Liu, H., Li, Z., & Zheng, L. (2008). Rapid preliminary helmet shell design based
on three-dimensional anthropometric head data. Journal of Engineering
Design, 19(1), 45-54.
[4] Lacko, D., Vleugels, J., Fransen, E., Huysmans, T., De Bruyne, G., Van Hulle,
M. M., ... & Verwulgen, S. (2017). Ergonomic design of an EEG headset
using 3D anthropometry. Applied ergonomics, 58, 128-136
[5] Motamedzade, M., Choobineh, A., Mououdi, M. A., & Arghami, S. (2007).
Ergonomic design of carpet weaving hand tools. International Journal of
Industrial Ergonomics, 37(7), 581-587.
[6] Stavrakos, S. K., & Ahmed-Kristensen, S. (2012). Assessment of
anthropometric methods in headset design. In DS 70: Proceedings of DESIGN
2012, the 12th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia.