1. China’s
One
Child
Policy
Endangered species in China
HUMAN
TRAFFICKING
WHEN FERTILITY ISSUES IN CHINA CHANGES THE SHAPE OF FAMILY.
China s One-Child-Per-Couple-Policy and its latent effects on the shape, structure and the future of
Family.
6. Child Commodity, Male vs. Female
Fertility Actual production of commodity
Wife We will talk about this later..
So if you can only produce One commodity, you
want the commodity that has the most…VALUE
7. Female vs. Male Commodity
How are females and males valued differently in
China’s Society?
Sons carry on the family name. Girls become Wives.
8.
9. Under the constraints (1 child only) of China’s
One-Child-Policy a few latent effects manifest.
12. Lack of Girls = Lack of Wives to fulfill roles in family
So let’s think about
the Function &
Roles of Wives….
Think about the roles filled by women in the family in China's Society.
Ovens by which to give birth to children, Household labor, Sexual objects, Serve
husband or Career Woman with her own pursuits, Head of the family business...
13. WHAT does a
country typically do
when it lacks
Something?
… when it cannot produce women to fulfill the role
of wives in the family?
14. IMPORT
Human Trafficking into China
(Forced Labour & Sexual Exploitation)
This phenomenon of 'missing girls' has turned China into 'a
giant magnet' for human traffickers, who lure or kidnap women
and sell them - even multiple times - into forced marriages or the
commercial sex trade, says Ambassador Mark Lagon
15. Latent Effect of HIGH DEMAND:
Human
Trafficking
This is how China’s One-Child-Policy leads to
rampant Human Trafficking.
16. How do these
problems connect to
FAMILY?
Changes in family, due to One-Child-Policy and
subsequent sex imbalance.
18. Effect on Families:
Socialization no siblings
Marriage
Bachelorhood/Imported Wives/Matchmaking
Families can be seen as a primary socialization
group and the building blocks of society.
19. Effect on Families:
Power dehumanization
Locality resources/motivation
1-2-4 sandwich generation, strain
Families can be seen as a primary socialization
group and the building blocks of society.
21. Effect on Families:
Poverty perpetuation/rural regions
Civil unrest emotional strain
Families can be seen as a primary socialization
group and the building blocks of society.
23. “CARE for GIRLS” Campaign
A pilot programme in RURAL China offering cash
and other incentives to families who have daughters.
24. It is a double-edged sword.
By compensating parents of girls in various ways:
1. May improve the status of girls
2. Reinforces the idea that girls are not as valuable as boys
A futile effort.
This campaign is only applicable to rural China.
The situation between urban and rural China are different.
China’s “CARE for GIRLS” Campaign
A pilot programme in RURAL China offering cash and other incentives to families who have daughters
25. Estimating a
Dynamic Model of
sex selection
in China
Avraham Y. Ebenstein, March 2009
- Changing Fertility Limits
- Offering subsidies to parents without a Son
26. Ebenstein, like Oppenheimer, has addressed the fertility issue through
the eyes of an economist.
According to the reading on Global Change and Demographic Shifts –
“fertility rates are related to both macro social drivers and micro social
drivers.”
Failure to address most of the macro and micro-perspective in general.
The cause for human trafficking and infanticides are built on the
importance of lineage
Estimating a Dynamic Model of sex selection in China
Avraham Y. Ebenstein, March 2009
27. Connection to other Regions
•
•
E.g. Vietnam, South Korea
Vietnam:
o
Poorer economic status --> Less ability to bring up more
children --> Tend to prefer sons to daughters so as to continue
lineage
•
South Korea:
o
Women are expected to stay at home as housewives once they
are married
•
Gender Inequality vs. Sex Ratio
28. Discussion Questions
1. Due to the Chinese “son-preferential ideologies” i.e. lineage, more couples prefer to
have boys over girls. Is this a problem that manifests across class boundaries? How
can we address or change son-preferential beliefs? How does or how can the “Care
for Girls” campaign factor into this? Is it helping?
2. Do you think an ‘incentives for daughters’ scheme will reduce/eliminate sex
selection and gendercide?
3. Applying other countries policies to China, will it solve the distorted sex-ratio
problem? e.g.. Using both surnames of parents in a child’s name to carry on lineage
of both (extended) families, Singapore policies’ two or more if you can etc
4. Why does the issue of lineage occur only in Asian countries even though Western
countries are partilineal as well?
5. Has the status of women increased in the family because of the missing girls issue?
