1. Reality therapy is a counseling approach based on choice theory which posits that human behavior is driven by five basic needs and that people have the ability to choose their behaviors. 2. The therapeutic process in reality therapy involves creating a supportive counseling environment, exploring a client's wants and needs, evaluating whether their current behaviors are meeting those wants and needs, and developing plans for behavior change. 3. Key aspects of reality therapy include keeping therapy focused on the present, emphasizing personal responsibility and choice over past events, avoiding non-constructive techniques like transference, and developing plans that are simple, measurable, and committed to by the client.

1. Ann Margarett V. Flores
Jerie Mae O. Gulen
Eugene Rod B. Ebrada
Carmela C. Yabut
Loremie M. Tinambacan

2. Reality Therapy
Prepared by:
Ann Margarett V. Flores

4. Reality therapy

5. Reality therapy is based on a concept
called choice therapy.
Reality therapist recognized that
client to choose their behavior to
deal with their frustrations.

6. Reality therapy has been used
in a variety of settings. The
approach is applicable to
counseling, social works,
education and rehabilitation.

7. View of human nature
Choice theory posits that
behavior is central to our
existence and is driven by five
genetically driven needs,
which similar to those of
“Maslow hierarchy of needs”

8. These are the Five driven needs:

9. Choice theory explanation behavior

10.  these are acting,
thinking, feelings, and
physiology.

11. Robert Wubbolding (personal
communication, June 22, 2007)
has added a new idea to choice
theory. He believes that behavior
is a language, and that we send
messages by what we are doing.

12. Characteristics of reality therapy
Choice theory teaches that there is
no sense talking about what clients
can’t control; the emphasis is on what
clients can control in the relationship.

14. oThe basic axiom of
choice theory which is
crucial for clients to
understand is the. “The
only person you can
control is yourself”.

15. Here are some underlying characteristics of
reality therapy
 Emphasize choice and responsibility
Reject Transference
 Avoid focusing on symptoms
 Challenge traditional views of
Mental Illness
Keep the therapy in the present

16. Letting the client understand the
vital role of his responsibility
 Emphasize choice and responsibility

17. Reject Transference
Glasser contends that transference is a
way that both therapist and client
avoid being who they are and owning
what they are doing right now.

18. Glasser (2001) grants that we are products of
our past out argues that we are not victims of
our pass unless we choose to be.
Keep the therapy in the present

19. Focusing on the past “protects” clients
from facing the reality of unsatisfying
present relationships, and focusing
on symptoms does the same thing.
 Avoid focusing on symptoms

20. Glasser (2003) has warmed people to
be cautious of psychiatry, which can
be hazardous to both one’s physical
and mental health.
 Challenge traditional views of
Mental Illness

21. Thank you and God Bless !
If we choose all we do, we must be responsible
for what we choose. - Glasser

22. The Therapeutic Process
Presented by:
Jerie Mae Gulen

23. The Therapeutic Process
Therapeutic Goals
Therapist’s Functions and Role
Client’s Experience in Therapy
Relationship Between Therapist and Client

24. Therapeutic Goals
 To help clients get
connected or reconnected
with the people they have
chosen to put in their quality
world.

25.  To help clients learn
better ways of fulfilling all of
their needs.
Therapeutic Goals

26. Wubbolding (2007a) writes: “Working within
socially acceptable and ethical boundaries, you will
help clients set realistically achievable goals for
improving health, enhancing human relationships,
gaining a sense of inner control or power, becoming
more autonomous and enjoying life.”

27. Therapist’s Functions and Role
 To teach clients how to engage in self-
evaluation.
“Are your behaviors getting you
what you want and need?”

28. Therapist’s Functions and Role
 The role of reality is not to make
evaluation for clients but to challenge
clients to examine and evaluate their
own behavior, and then to make plans
for change.

29. Client’s Experience in Therapy
• “Is what you are choosing to do bringing you closer
to the people you want to be closer to right now?”
• “Is what you are doing getting you closer to a new
person if you are presently disconnected from
everyone?”

30. Client’s Experience in Therapy
 “ I can begin to use what we talked about today in
my life. I am able to bring my present experiences to
therapy as my problems are in the present, and my
therapist will not let me escape from that fact.”

31. o Reality therapy emphasizes an
understanding and supportive
relationship, or therapeutic alliance,
which is the foundation for effective
outcomes (Wubbolding & Brickell, 2005).
Relationship Between Therapist
and Client

32. - Warmth - Sincerity
- Acceptance - Openness
- Congruence - Concern
- Understanding - Respect for client
- Willingness to be challenged by others
Relationship Between Therapist
and Client

33. Relationship Between Therapist
and Client
Specific Ways for Counselors to Create a Climate that
Leads to Involvement with Clients
• Attending behavior
• Listening to clients
• Doing the unexpected

34. Relationship Between Therapist
and Client
• Suspending judgments of clients
• Using humor appropriately
• Being oneself as a counselor
• Engaging in facilitative self-disclosure
• Listening for themes

35. Relationship Between Therapist
and Client
• Listening for metaphors in the client’s mode
of self-expression
• Summarizing and focusing
• Being an ethical practitioner.

36. Relationship Between Therapist
and Client
Once involvement has been established, the
counselor assists clients in gaining a deeper
understanding of the consequences of their
current behavior.

37. End..

39. The practice of reality therapy can best
be conceptualized as the cycle of
counseling, which consists

40. 1. Creating the counseling environment
and
2. Implementing specific procedures that
lead to changes in behavior.

42. The process proceeds through an
exploration of clients’ wants,
needs, and perceptions.

43. It is important to keep in mind that
although the concepts may seem
simples they are presented here,
being able to translate them into
actual therapeutic practice takes
considerable skill and creativity.

44. Counseling is not a simplistic
method that is applied in the same
with every client. With choice theory
in the background of practice, the
counselor tailors the counseling to
what the client presents.

45. ›Is a reality therapist who has extended
the practice of reality therapy (WDEP
System) for both implementing and
teaching reality therapy.

46. over the years he has played a major role
in the development of reality therapy.
I especially value wubbolding’s
contributions to teaching reality therapy
and to conceptualizing Therapeutic
procedures.

47. His ideas render choice theory practical
and useable by counselors, his system
provides a basis for conceptualizing and
applying the theory.

48. The Counseling Environment
The practice of reality therapist rests on
the assumption that a supportive and
challenging environment allows clients to
begin making life changes.

49. Counselors who hope to create
therapeutic alliance strive to avoid
behaviors

50. Arguing, attacking, accusing,
demeaning, bossing, criticizing, finding
fault, coercing, encouraging excuses,
holding grudges, instilling fears, and
giving up easily.

51. In a short period of time, client generally
begin to appreciate the caring, accepting,
noncoercive choice theory environment. It
is from this mildly confrontive yet always
noncriticizing, and satisfying environment
that leads to successful relationship.

52.  According to Glasser
(1992), the procedures that
lead to change are based on
the assumption that human beings are
motivated to change.

53. 1. when they are convinced that their
present behavior is not getting them
what they want and
2. when they believe they can
choose other behaviors that will get
them closer to what they want.

54. Reality therapists begin by asking
clients what they want from therapy.
Therapists take the mystery and
uncertainty out of the therapeutic
process

55. They also inquire about the choices
clients are making in their
relationships.

56. In the beginning the client may deny
this is the case. For example, the
client might say, “I'm depressed.
My depression is the problem. Why
are you talking about my
relationship?”

57. …In the First Session…

58. The therapist might ask, whose behavior
can you control?
This question may need to be asked
several times during the next few sessions
to deal with the client’s resistance to
looking at his or her own behavior.

59. Wubbolding(2007a)makes the point
that clients can learn that they are not
at the mercy of others, are not victims,
and that they have a range of choices
open to them.

60. Reality therapists explore,
the tenets of choice theory with clients
helping clients identify basic needs,
discovering clients’ quality world
Finally, helping clients understand that
they are choosing the total behaviors that
are their symptoms

61. The “WDEP” System
The acronym WDEP is used to
describe key procedures in the
practice of reality therapy

62. The WDEP system of reality therapy
can be described as “effective,
practical, usable, theory-based, cross-
cultural, and founded on universal
principles”(Wubbolding,
2007a,p.204)

63. WDEP system can be used to help
Clients explore their Wants,
Possible things they can Do,
Oppurtunities for Self-Evaluation, and
Design Plans for Improvement

64. Each of the letters refers to a
cluster of strategies:
W= Wants and needs
 D= Direction and Doing
 E= self-Evaluation
 P= Planning

65.  Reality therapists assist clients in
discovering their wants and hopes. All
wants are related to the five basic needs.

66. They ask, “what do you want?”
›It is useful for clients to define what
they expect and want from the
counselor and from themselves.

67. If you were be the person that you wish
were, what kind of person would you be?
What would your family be like if you
wants and their wants matched?

68. What you be doing if you were living as
you want to?
Do you really want to change your life?
What is it you want that you don’t
seem to be getting from life?

69. What do you think stops you from
making changes you would like?

70. Reality therapy stresses current
behavior and is concerned with
past events only in so far as they
influence how clients are behaving
now.

71. What do you see for yourself and in
the future?
›It often take some time for this
reflection to become clearer to
clients so they can verbally express
their perceptions.

72. What are you doing now?
What did you actually do this past week?
What did you want to do differently this
past week?
What stopped you from doing what you
said you wanted to do?
What will you do tomorrow?

73.  According to Glasser(1992), what we are
doing is easy to see and impossible to deny
and serves as the proper focus in therapy.

74. The core of reality therapy , as we
have seen, is to ask clients to make the
following self-evaluation

75. According to Wubbolding(2007a, p.
200), clients often present a problem
with a significant relationship,which is
at the root of much of their
dissatisfaction.

76. Is your current behavior bringing you
closer to people important to you or is it
driving you further apart?

77. Is what you are doing helping or hurting
you?
Is what you are doing now what you
want to be doing?
Is your behavior working for you?

78. Is there a healthy congruence between
what you are doing and what you
believe?
Is what you are doing against the rule?
Is what you want realistic or attainable?
Does it help you to look at it that way?

79. How committed are you to the
therapeutic process and to changing
your life?
After carefully examining what you
want, does it appear to be in your best
interests and in the best interest of
others?

80. ›Much of the significant work of the
counseling process involves helping
clients identify specific ways to
fulfill their wants and needs.

81. Wubbolding (1988-2008b) discusses the
central role of planning and commitment.
The culmination of the cycle of counseling
rests with a plan of action.

82. He uses the acronym SAMIC3: simple,
attainable, measurable, immediate,
controlled by the planner, committed
to, and continuously done.

83. Wubbolding contends that clients gain
more effective control over their lives
with plans that have the following
characteristics:
 The plan is within the limits of the
motivation and capacities of the client.

84. Good plans are simple and easy to
understand.
The plan involves a positive courseof
action, and it is terms of what the client is
willing to do.

85.  Counselors encourage clients to develop plans
that they can carry out independently of what
others do.
 Effective plans are repetitive and ideally, are
performed daily
 Plans are carried out as soon as possible.

86. Plans involves process-centered activities
Before clients carry out their plan, it is
good to evaluate it with their therapist to
determine whether it relates to what they
need and want.

87. To help clients commit themselves to
their plan, it is useful for them to firm it
up in writing.

88. Wubbolding (2007a) maintains that it
is important for a therapist to express
concern about client s’ level of
commitment, or how much they are
willing to work to bring about change.

89. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
WELL!”.)

91. This is collaborative
approach in which the
group counselor and the
members join together
in determining goals and
plans of action

92. The members can be asked to take
an honest look at what they are
doing and clarify whether their
behavior is getting them what they
say they want.

93. This model lends itself to
expecting the members to carry
out assignments between the
group meetings

94. The reality therapists keep challenging
the members to evaluate for
themselves whether what they are
doing is getting them what they want.

95. Once the members make some
change, reality therapy provides the
structure for them to formulate
specific plans for action and to
evaluate their level of success.

96. Time is devoted during
the group sessions for
developing and
implementing plans.

97. Reality therapy’s insistence that change
will not come by insight alone; rather,
members have to begin doing something
different once they determine that their
behavior is not working for them.

98. The emphasis of reality therapy on
teaching clients that the only life they can
control is their own and focus on helping
group members change their own
patterns of acting and thinking.

100. The core principles of
choice theory and reality
therapy have much to offer
in the area of
multicultural counseling.

101. In cross-cultural therapy
it is essential that counselors
respect the differences in
worldview between
themselves and their clients.

103. Reality therapy is
based on
universal
principles, which
makes the theory
applicable to all
people
-Wubbolding (2007)

104. Have expanded
the practice of
reality therapy to
multicultural
situations
-Wubbolding (2000)
&colleagues (1998,
2004)

105. Wubbolding (2000) has
adapted the cycle of
counseling in working
With Japanese clients

106. Basic Language differences between
Japanese and Western Cultures
WESTERN CULTURE
• Are inclined to say
what they mean
and to be assertive.

107. JAPANESE CULTURE
• Assertive language is not appropriate
between a child and a parent.
• Way of communicating are more indirect
• To ask some Japanese clients what they
want may seem harsh and intrusive to
them

108. The reality therapist’s tendency to
ask direct questions may need to be
softened, with questions being raised
more elaborately and indirectly.
JAPANESE CLIENT

109. JAPANESE CLIENT

110. JAPANESE CLIENT

111. STRENGTHS FROM A DIVERSITY
PERSPECTIVE
A key strength of reality
therapy is that provides
clients with tools to make the
changes they desire.

112. STRENGTHS FROM A DIVERSITY
PERSPECTIVE
Reality therapy needs to be
used artfully and to be
applied in different ways with
variety of clients.

113. SHORTCOMINGS FROM A DIVERSITY
PERSPECTIVE
Discrimination
and racism are
unfortunate
realities

114. SHORTCOMINGS FROM A DIVERSITY
PERSPECTIVE
Some clients are
very reluctant to
directly verbally
express what
they need.

116. Summary
and
Evaluation
Presenter: Tinambacan Loremie M.
CAS-06-601E

117. The reality therapist functions as a
teacher , mentor, and a model,
confronting clients in ways that help
them evaluate what they are doing
and whether their behavior is fulfilling
their basic needs without harming
themselves and others.

118. The heart of reality therapy is
learning how to make better and
more effective choices and gain more
effective control.

119. Practitioners of reality therapy
focus on what clients are able and
willing to do in the present to change
their behavior.
Practitioners teach client how to
make significant connections with
others.

120. The goals of reality therapy
include behavioral change, better
decision making, improved significant
relationship, enhanced living, and
more effective satisfaction of all
psychological needs.

121. Contribution
Of
Reality Therapy

122. Among the advantages of reality
therapy are its relatively short-term
focus and the fact that it deals with
conscious behavioral problems.

123. Insight and awareness are not
enough; the client’s self-evaluation, a
plan of action, and a commitment to
following through are the core of the
therapeutic process.

124. Too often counseling
fails because
therapists have an
agenda for clients.

125. The reality therapist helps clients
conduct a searching inventory of what
they are doing.

126. Limitations and
Criticisms
of
Reality Therapy

127. One of the main limitations of therapy
is that it does not give adequate
emphasis to the role of these aspects
of the counseling process:

128. The role of insight , the unconscious,
the power of the past and effect of
traumatic experiences in early
childhood, the therapeutic value of
dreams, and the place of transference.

129. Dealing with dreams is not part of the
reality therapist’s repertoire.

130. According to Glasser(2001), it is not
therapeutically useful to explore
dreams.

131. From many perspective, dreams are
powerful tools in helping people
recognize their internal conflicts.

132. Glasser’s view of transference as a
misleading concept.

133. Glasser (2003) maintains that the DSM-
IV-TR is accurate in describing
symptoms. Yet he argues that
grouping symptoms together and
calling them mental disorder is wrong.

134. As you will recall , Glasser (2001,2013)
contends that chronic depression are
chosen behaviors.

135. In reality therapy these people may
have additional guilt to carry if they
accept the premise that they are
choosing their condition.

136. Wubbolding (2008) admits that reality
therapy can lend itself to fixing
problems and imposing therapist
values on client .

137. However, the effective practice of
reality therapy requires practice,
supervision, and continuous
learning(Wubbolding 2oo7b).

138. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING