This document discusses hemp cultivation and its advantages over other crops and materials. It begins by explaining the differences between industrial hemp and marijuana, then outlines various uses of hemp including for fuel, food, paper, plastics, textiles and more. It notes hemp's high yield and that it requires little pesticides. The document also discusses hemp regulation and opposition in different countries and regions. It examines case studies of hemp cultivation and argues that while the potential for hemp exists, challenges around regulation and competition have prevented a thriving global hemp market.
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Hemp Cultivation
1. Hemp Cultivation:
Yes I Cannabis
Thomas OโConnell
Brian Rubino
Buzzy Shaul
Beth Spergel
Akbar Alikhan
2. Hemp vs. Marijuana
โขโฏ United States Na>onal Ins>tute of Health, University of Mississippi marijuana planta>on
site, showing varia>on in plant size. A tall ๏ฌber-type of hemp plant is shown at leJ, and a
short narco>c variety (iden>๏ฌed as โPanama Goldโ) at right.
3. Hemp vs. Marijuana
Di๏ฌerence as to how marijuana and hemp
would appear in the ๏ฌeld.
Cannabis sativa
โขโฏspecies from which both hemp and
marijuana are derived
โขโฏsingle plant genus that contains
cannabinoids
-โฏdelta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
oโฏpsychoactive ingredient
-โฏcannabidiol (CBD)
oโฏan antipsychoactive
ingredient
Industrial hemp has trace levels of
THC and high levels of CBD
Marijuana, one the other hand, has
high levels of THC and low levels of
CBD
4. Uses of Hemp
โขโฏ Bene๏ฌts of Hemp
โขโฏ one of the Earthโs most lucra>ve
biomass resources
โโฏ can produce ten tons per acre in
approximately four months
โขโฏ Fuel
โขโฏ Food
โขโฏ Paper
โขโฏ Biodegradable plas>cs
โขโฏ Par>cle board
โขโฏ Animal bedding
โขโฏ tex>les
โขโฏ requires minimal, if any, biocides,
pes>cides and/or herbicides
โขโฏ approximately 25,000 known uses
6. Industrial Advantages
Paper
โขโฏ One acre of hemp can produce
as much useable ๏ฌber as four
acres of trees or two acres of
coZon
โขโฏ Hemp can be cul>vated in as
liZle as 100 days
โขโฏ Acid-free
โขโฏ Chlorine-free
โขโฏ Compared to paper made from
trees, hemp paper is:
โโฏ Stronger
โโฏ Longer las>ng
โโฏ Can be recycled more >mes
โขโฏ Would help prevent
deforesta>on and loss of
biodiversity
Advantages over coZon
โขโฏ warmer
โขโฏ stronger
โขโฏ more water absorbent
โขโฏ more durable
โขโฏ UV resistant
โขโฏ Frost resistant
โขโฏ Requires liZle, if any, biocides, pes>cides
and/or herbicides, whereas coZon
requires many
8. Government Opinion
US Governmentโs View Towards Industrial Hemp
โขโฏ Not posi>ve
โขโฏ The United States Na>onal Ins>tute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) voices several basic fears about
legalizing hemp:
โโฏ (1) growing Cannabis plants makes law enforcement more di๏ฌcult, because of the need to
ensure that all plants cul>vated are legi>mate
โโฏ (2) u>liza>on of industrial hemp products may make marijuana use more acceptable
โโฏ (3) many of the movements supporters are pro-marijuana advocates
โโฏ 4) THC (and perhaps other cons>tuents) in Cannabis are so harmful that their presence in
any amount in any material (food, medicine or even ๏ฌber product) represents a health
hazard that is best dealt with by a total prohibi>on
9. U.S. Opposition to Domestic Hemp
Cultivation
โขโฏ Hempโs Link to Marijuana
โโฏ Cultural percep>ons cause low desire to legalize cul>va>on
โโฏ Hemp and hemp products have a nega>ve social connota>on
โโฏ Poli>cal and social opposi>on is unfounded due to scien>๏ฌc evidence
โโฏ Hemp should not be classi๏ฌed as a drug or associated with marijuana
โโฏ U.S. DEA has objected to domes>c hemp cul>va>on due to poten>al regula>on expenses
โโฏ Hemp cul>va>on could eliminate illegally grown marijuana
10. U.S. Opposition to Domestic Hemp
Cultivation
โขโฏ Capitalis>c greed caused hempโs current legal status
โโฏ Hemp was regulated as an agricultural product during early 20th century
โโฏ DuPontโs pro๏ฌtable pes>cide and herbicide business threatened by hemp
โโฏ Hearstโs nega>ve publicity of hemp due to >mber investments
โโฏ Today: Hemp is a threat to powerful established lobbying industries
โขโฏ Raw materials: i.e. coZon, >mber, oil
โขโฏ Manufacturing: i.e. paper, plas>cs, ethanol
โโฏ Ini>al change to hemp cul>va>on could be costly, but ul>mately more pro๏ฌtable and
sustainable
11. Case Study โ
Hemp Legalization in North Dakota
โขโฏ 2005- North Dakota legalizes growth of hemp, provided farmers acquire licenses.
โขโฏ January 2007, Monson and Hauge acquired licenses from the state.
โขโฏ February 2007, Applied to Federal DEA for licenses to grow hemp. Ask for decisions by
April 1 (with >me to plant before the end of the growing season).
โขโฏ June 2007 โ Monson and Hauge ๏ฌle lawsuit against DEA for delay
โขโฏ Con>nual baZle between farmers and DEA
12. Benefits of Farming Hemp in North Dakota
โขโฏ Farming is a large part of the economy
โขโฏ 1993, Scab, a fungus also known as Fusarium,
Destroys wheat crop in N.D.
โขโฏ Hemp grows very will in Canada, just north of
N.D.
โขโฏ Hemp suits the rocky soil in the area
16. โขโฏ Never any debate over legality of crop
โขโฏ Worldโs largest producer of Hemp ๏ฌbers and Hemp seed - large force of cheap labor
โขโฏ Although China contributes 40.6% of total world crop, it occupies only 0.3% of the
countryโs agricultural acreage
โขโฏ Increasing foreign demand for Hemp products, driven by European and North American
consumers
โขโฏ Foreign price is high, but Domes>c price remains low
โขโฏ Poor Market Structure = Poor Response
โขโฏ Chinese policies favor Grain produc>on
โขโฏ Hemp is not a priority of the state when determining markets. But, Chinese Na>onal
Hemp Industry has pushed for more Research and Development, as well as beZer
technologies
โขโฏ Hemp is currently at 10% of stateโs CoZon output, 20% is projected goal
Case Study #1:
Peopleโs Republic of China
17. Case Study #2:
European Union
โขโฏ Licensing
โโฏ THC in plant must be less than 0.2% (as compared to 15% in narco>c Cannabis)
โโฏ There Is a set amount of only 14 varie>es, experimenta>on in breeding is discouraged
โขโฏ Formal applica>on required with inten>on of area to be used for cul>va>on
โขโฏ Subsidies
โโฏ Sample of crop must be sent in for tes>ng
โโฏ Begun in 1988, but amount has decreased due to reported problems with illegal drug
ac>vity
โโฏ Recently renewed = 90 โฌ
โขโฏ Hemp for Europe campaign
โโฏ massive Research and Development e๏ฌort
18. . . . and Canada
โขโฏ To obtain a license from Ministry of Health, THC < 0.3%
โขโฏ Hemp trade only possible with certain licensed countries with restric>ons
โขโฏ No Whole Plants!
โขโฏ Chemical processing technology to remove pec>n
โโฏ creates a whiter, soJer, fabric
19. Why isnโt the world market thriving?
โขโฏ An>- Narco>cs laws necessitate regula>on and lots of red tape in Europe and Canada -
trade severely limited
โขโฏ In China, a case of ins>tu>onal failure in building an interna>onal market
โขโฏ No true cost e๏ฌec>ve means of processing the plant for ๏ฌber and various other
components
โโฏ technology lacking
โขโฏ Industrial Hemp faces compe>>on from established commodi>es like CoZon (tex>les),
Timber (paper), Soy (food), and Petroleum (oils and plas>cs)
โขโฏ Not a โmiracleโ plant- di๏ฌerent varie>es are necessary to yield di๏ฌerent products
โขโฏ Na>on of greatest consump>on (U.S.) is largely out of the picture
โขโฏ Hemp needs a chance to move beyond the Novelty product sold in Health Food stores and
โHand-Blown Glassโ shops
20. Potential Certainly Exists
โขโฏ California ๏ฌrm Hemptech es>mated Interna>onal Market value
โโฏ 75 million โฌ in 1995
โโฏ 1.5 billion โฌ in 2001โฆ and growing!
โขโฏ American entry into the market and greater availability of Hemp products to American
consumers could turn Industrial Hemp into the cash crop Washington envisioned
21. Connection to NTRES 331
Survivalist
โขโฏ Would support its e๏ฌciency (less likelihood of deple>on)
โโฏ Produces up to ten tons per acre in only 4 months
โโฏ Quickly renewable resource
Prometheans
โขโฏ Due to e๏ฌcient produc>on, no real need to strictly conserve - Only a transi>on from one
resource to another
โขโฏ Hemp is the new alterna>ve
โโฏ As tradi>onal resources dwindle, new (less-expensive) alterna>ve then become commonly
used
22. Proposed Hemp Governance
Combina>on of Top-Down Regula>on and Market โBased incen>ves Governmentโs
Role:
โขโฏ Set standards for maximum THC content
โขโฏ Develop licensing system
State/Local Role:
โขโฏ Perform regular THC analyses
โขโฏ Maintain crop records
Market Based Incen>ves
โขโฏ Government could provide subsidies for hemp cul>va>on
โโฏ Similar to EU strategy
โขโฏ Costs involved would have to outweigh costs incurred by Government (subsidies,
licensing, etc)
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