Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can be used in diesel engines. It is made through a chemical process called transesterification that uses triglycerides from vegetable oils and fats. Biodiesel has advantages over petroleum diesel like reduced emissions and biodegradability. However, it also has disadvantages like lower energy content and issues with operating in cold weather. Producing enough biodiesel to replace petroleum diesel at a large scale presents economic and logistical challenges.

1. BIODIESEL
An Alternative Fuel

2. CONTENT
• Biodiesel
• Chemistry of the process.
• Source
• Need
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Challenges
• Summary

3. WHAT IS BIODIESEL
• Alternative fuel for Diesel engines.
• Made from vegetable oil and human fat.
• Biodegradable, essentially non-toxic.
• Lower emission, high flash point (>300F).
• Chemically Biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters produced usually from
triglyceride esters.

4. CHEMISTRY OF PROCESS
• 1.CHEMISTRY OF TRIGLYCERIDE:-
• Triglyceride is made from the
combination of glycerol and three fatty
acids.
• It is the most importrant chemical in
preparing the Biodiesel.

5. CHEMISTRY OF BIODIESEL
• 2.CHEMISTRY OF BIODIESEL:-
Biodiesel is made from the combination of
triglyceride with a monohrdroxy alcohol
(i.e. methanol, ethanol..). The process is
called Transestrification.
It is a multi-step process , the overall
process looks like this (as shown in picture).
(R1, R2, R3 are fatty acids alkyl groups
they could be same or different, It depends
on the type of oil.)

6. THE CHEMICAL PROCESS OF BIODIESEL
PRODUCTION

7. SOURCE OF BIODIESEL
• The main source of Alternative Diesel fuel is plants.
• They are made from natural renewable sources such as vegetable oil and fats.
• The most commonly used oils for the production is Soybean, sunflower, palm,
rapeseed, canola, cotton seed and Jatropha.

8. NEED OF BIODIESEL
• 1. Combating climate change - Combating climate changes forces the world to seek
alternative, low-carbon sources of energy and fuel, Since traffic is one of the largest
reason for greenhouse effect. So for alternative of these carbon emission biodiesel is
most efficient way to reduce the emission.
• 2. Responding to higher energy consumption - In 2050 the expected growth of world
population will be approximately 8Billion to 10.5Billion, combined with significant
economic growth, that will result in more energy consumption. To be able to respond
to this growing demand, we need to use natural resources more efficiently like
Biofuels.
• 3.Securing energy supply - Increasing demand will pose challenges to security of
supply as resources are scattered around the globe. Biofuels helps to safeguard the
energy sources.
• 4.Making the most of scare resources - Reducing the amount of waste and making
the most of our valuable renewable sources is crucial for our future survival.

9. ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
• Easy to use – can be used in existing engine without any changes. Biodiesel can be
pumped , stored and burned just like other fuels.
• Power, performance and economy –it provides excellent lubricty to the fuel injection
system. Pure biodiesel and biodiesel blended with petroleum fuel provide very
similar horse power, torque and fuel mileage compared to the petroleum diesel fuel.
• Emission and greenhouse gas reduction –it provides significantly reduced carbon
monoxide, particulate matter and sulfates compared to petroleum diesel fuel. It
helps reduce the risk of global warming.
• Biodegradability, safety and recycling –biodiesel can be made of many vegetable oils
including waste and is proven to be biodegradable. Is safer to handle due to low
volatility and high flash point.
• Economic development –since it can be made of locally available resources, its
production can provide a host of economic benefits for local communities.

10. DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
• Some biodiesel may begin to cloud and gel at temperatures as high as 60F.
• Biodiesel is less oxidatively stable than petroleum diesel fuel, old fuel can become acidic
and form sediments and varnish.
• Biodiesel has 12.5% less energy then the diesel per pound, however it is slightly heavier
then diesel.
• Biodiesel is may be reactive with brass and copper.
• It takes energy to produce biodiesel and it is costly then the petrol because of low
production.
• There is limited supply of biodiesel.

11. BIODIESEL CHALLENGES
• Cold Weather Operation – as mentioned in above slide the biodiesel can be gel in
cold weather so this is the issue and challenge in this renewable energy source.
• Producing enough feedstock oil to replace the existing amount of petroleum – as we
know petroleum is not a renewable source but the main source of energy so it is
right now is a challenge to fulfill the demand of petroleum with the help of
biodiesel.
• Economical challanges- - in world market petrol is the leading thing that can
change the economy of any country. For this reason if we are able to replace it with
a cheap biodegradable energy source then it will be major change in the world
economy but for that first the energy required to produce biodiesel is the major
challenge.

12. SUMMARY
Alternative source of energy and fuels are an issue of increasing intrest not only in science or
engineering field but also in economical field. These alterantives should be compared on the basis of
science and economy which is not done properly.
The biodiesel is an excellent opportunity to introduce the variety of biofuels in study. From the study
it is clear that science is not independent of economy, they are dependent on eachother. In case of
biodiesel at first it needs the money to produce the biodiesel but after few years when the needs will
match the production the economy will be increased by these cheap option of diesel fuel. Science can
yield considerable benefits for general public.
In this way biodiesel is a good alternative to the diesel fuel, if the considerable energy and money will
be invested it will help in growth of economy and in future it will solve the problem of energy crisis.