1.
SANGHAMITRA SCHOOL
Lesson -1
INTRDUCTION TO AI
[ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE]

2.
HISTORY OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

3.
LIMITATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
With 90% of organizations taking a shot at artificial intelligence
(AI) projects, enterprises are understanding the imperativeness of
AI for effective business procedures. Burning through cash on AI
projects could eventually chop down expenses on long-winded
manual tasks individuals would need to conduct. This isn’t only a
budgetary expense, yet a time cost, as tasks like data analysis and
tracking, has been finished by human hand previously.
Artificial intelligence conveys ease of access and promptness to
data procedures unparalleled to earlier endeavors, which is the
reason 96% of organizations said they hope to see machine
learning projects keep on soaring in the next two years.
While AI opens the new doors for some amazing prospects across
different sectors, numerous usage challenges emerge.
Beforehand, issues with AI execution have regularly been
ascribed to employees’ lack of involvement with the innovation,
bringing about an expectation to learn and adapt for business
experts. Frequently, organizations need to go after outside talent
to help get the most out of their assets. In any case, people are not
exclusively to fault for AI’s limitations.

4.
1) Data
Data utilization is one of the significant restrictions of Artificial Intelligence.
For any program to begin, it requires data. It doesn’t make a difference if the
program is in the training stage or moved to the execution phase, its desire for
data never gets fulfilled. If you are hoping to implement AI into a program,
the procedure goes like first, the software robots need some cognitive
aptitudes to become more intelligent with time. There are likewise robots
with cutting-edge cognitive aptitudes that utilize technologies like Machine
Learning (ML), Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Natural Language
Processing (NLP) and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) to extricate the
significance of data restricted in the documents. From that point forward,
different roles become possibly the most important factor like automating
tasks that include critical thinking or decision making etc.
Frequently, organizations believe they might not have enough data to work
with AI in any case. The key here, however, is to recall that it’s not about
having enough broad data, it’s about having “noteworthy data that will enable
them to learn, that is appropriate for whatever task they have as a main
priority,” emphasized David Parmenter, head of data science at Adobe.
Another data-related confinement has to do with data benchmarks and
guidelines. Organizations need to decide if the data has the correct
parameters, said Whit Andrews, agenda manager for AI and distinguished
analyst at Gartner. Companies need to ensure that their data can be imparted
to various organizations dependent on government, state, and internal
requirements for those companies, Andrews said.

5.
2) Cultural
Limitations
Put basically; this is about resistance to
change. Individuals, usually noted, will, in
general, be creatures of propensity; when we
discover a strategy for completing a task that
appears to take care of business viably and
effectively, we like to stay with it. It
frequently takes some influence before we
will see that the disruption and cost that will
definitely be brought about by changing
methodology or embracing new procedures
will be worth the all-around gains they will
bring.
This could be as easy as a reluctance towards
what can be viewed as “giving over control”,
regardless of whether that is specific to
machines, or to the human employees who
manage the technological framework that
makes AI possible.

6.
3)
Bias
Shrouded bias is available in both individuals and data,
and periodically bias is given over to data in light of
people. We can’t carry out these responsibilities without
getting data. At that point, you go out to shop around for
data, and the data may have a bias in it that you don’t
think about. You’re simply oblivious to it. One model is
from the universe of autonomous cars. You will get more
information in well off neighborhoods since that is the
place autonomous vehicles are going to go first.
The greatest thing organizations need to recollect while
embracing AI is the reason, they need it. Try not to do AI
for AI. Begin with a business case grounded in client
insights from behavioral analytics and market surveying.
Companies will end up squandering a great deal of time
and cash trying to execute AI without any justifiable
cause. Ensure your organization has the data and thinking
first and then execute.

7.
4) Emotional
Intelligence
While AI is getting more astute step by step, we have
achieved a point where computational power or speed is
never again a constraint. It’s an ideal opportunity to work
upon emotional intelligence of AI so it can communicate
increasingly like Humans. Natural Language Processing
(NLP) ought to be sufficiently effective to comprehend
what the human is trying to state and his/her feelings
behind it. In basic terms, the AI should comprehend the
context of the discussion.
The issue is AI lacks emotional intelligence as it cannot
classify human sentiments and mindsets into one of a
kind data points or profiles. In any case, things will start
to change in the following couple of years.

8.
5) Shortage of Strategic Approach
 Here and there, this is an amalgamation of a few different barriers–
the absence of talent, the absence of the management buy-in, and a
culture inadequately drenched in the points of interest and
practicalities of AI and digital change. The outcome is frequently AI
activities that aren’t planned at a strategic level, failure to address
strategic business goals and don’t fit inside a company’s overall
actions for development and business development.
 Regularly the reason here is that, while organizations are
comprehensively mindful of the significance of adopting AI
innovation, and the favorable benefits it can offer, they fail to
approach it from a strategic point of view; this implies completely
understanding the points and goals of all aspects of AI operations,
from data gathering to how the experiences revealed are imparted
over the workforce and set to work. The answer to this one is quite
direct, companies should always guarantee that an unmistakable
procedure is set up before time and cash are spent on taking off
costly and resource-intensive AI initiatives and pilots with no
reasonable comprehension of the advantages they can bring.

9.
ADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
1) Reduction in Human Error:
The phrase “human error” was born because humans
make mistakes from time to time. Computers,
however, do not make these mistakes if they are
programmed properly. With Artificial intelligence, the
decisions are taken from the previously gathered
information applying a certain set of algorithms. So
errors are reduced and the chance of reaching
accuracy with a greater degree of precision is a
possibility.
Example:
In Weather Forecasting using AI they have reduced
the majority of human error.

10.
2) Takes risks instead of Humans:
This is one of the biggest advantages of Artificial
intelligence. We can overcome many risky
limitations of humans by developing an AI
Robot which in turn can do the risky things for
us. Let it be going to mars, defuse a bomb,
explore the deepest parts of oceans, mining for
coal and oil, it can be used effectively in any
kind of natural or man-made disasters.
 Example:
Have you heard about the Chernobyl nuclear
power plant explosion in Ukraine? At that time
there were no AI-powered robots that can help us
to minimize the effect of radiation by controlling
the fire in early stages, as any human went close
to the core was dead in a matter of minutes. They
eventually poured sand and boron from
helicopters from a mere distance.
AI Robots can be used in such situations where
intervention can be hazardous.

11.
3) Available 24x7:
An Average human will work for 4–6
hours a day excluding the breaks.
Humans are built in such a way to get
some time out for refreshing
themselves and get ready for a new day
of work and they even have weekly
offed to stay intact with their work-life
and personal life. But using AI we can
make machines work 24x7 without any
breaks and they don’t even get bored,
unlike humans.
 Example:
Educational Institutes and Helpline
centers are getting many queries and
issues which can be handled
effectively using AI.

12.
4) Helping in Repetitive Jobs:
In our day-to-day work, we will be
performing many repetitive works like
sending a thanking mail, verifying
certain documents for errors and many
more things.Using artificial intelligence
we can productively automate these
mundane tasks and can even remove
“boring” tasks for humans and free
them up to be increasingly creative.
 Example:
In banks, we often see many
verifications of documents to get a loan
which is a repetitive task for the owner
of the bank. Using AI Cognitive
Automation the owner can speed up the
process of verifying the documents by
which both the customers and the owner
will be benefited.

13.
5) Digital Assistance:
Some of the highly advanced
organizations use digital assistants to
interact with users which saves the need
for human resources. The digital assistants
also used in many websites to provide
things that users want. We can chat with
them about what we are looking for. Some
chatbots are designed in such a way that
it’s become hard to determine that we’re
chatting with a chatbot or a human being.
 Example:
We all know that organizations have a
customer support team that needs to
clarify the doubts and queries of the
customers. Using AI the organizations can
set up a Voice bot or Chatbot which can
help customers with all their queries. We
can see many organizations already
started using them on their websites and
mobile applications.

14.
DISADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
1) High Costs of Creation:
As AI is updating every day the hardware
and software need to get updated with
time to meet the latest requirements.
Machines need repairing and maintenance
which need plenty of costs. It’ s creation
requires huge costs as they are very
complex machines.
2) Making Humans Lazy:
AI is making humans lazy with its
applications automating the majority of
the work. Humans tend to get addicted to
these inventions which can cause a
problem to future generations.

15.
3) Unemployment:
As AI is replacing the majority of the
repetitive tasks and other works with
robots,human interference is becoming less
which will cause a major problem in the
employment standards. Every organization is
looking to replace the minimum qualified
individuals with AI robots which can do
similar work with more efficiency.
4) No Emotions:
There is no doubt that machines are much
better when it comes to working efficiently
but they cannot replace the human
connection that makes the team. Machines
cannot develop a bond with humans which is
an essential attribute when comes to Team
Management.
5) Lacking Out of Box
Thinking:
Machines can perform only those tasks
which they are designed or programmed to
do, anything out of that they tend to crash or
give irrelevant outputs which could be a

16.
Done by : Sri Sai Aditya .K
Class : 8th
Section : D
Roll Number : 26