This document discusses the family as the unit of service in community health nursing. It defines family in several ways and describes different types of families. The family is considered the fundamental unit of society. Community health nurses work with families because any issue affecting one member impacts the whole family, and understanding the social context of the family allows for more holistic care. The document outlines family roles, developmental stages, health tasks, and characteristics of a healthy family.
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Module 4- The FAMILY.pptx
1. At the end of the topic, the
students will be able to:
1. describe the different types of
family;
2. discuss the levels of clientele
in Community Health Nursing;
3. explain why the family is
considered to be the unit of
service in community and
public health nursing;
4. Identify the important roles,
stages and tasks of the family.
2. PERFORMANCE TASK:
Reflect on the important roles
and tasks of the family through
a photogram/collage. Be able
to share and explain your
accomplished task next
meeting.
4. Definitions of FAMILY:
The family is a group of persons usually living
together and composed of the head and other
persons related to the head by blood, marriage or
adoption. (NSCB, 2008)
Family is a social unit interacting with larger society.
(Johnson, 2000)
A family is characterized by people together because
of birth, marriage, adoption or choice (Allen et al.,
2000)
The family is composed of 2 or more persons who are
joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional
closeness and who identify themselves as being part
of the family. (Friedman et al, 2003)
F
AMILY – a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption, constituting a single household, interacting and communicating with each other, in their respective social roles, of
husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister, creating and maintaining a common culture
FAMILY – a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption, constituting a single household, interacting and communicating with each other, in their respective social roles,
of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister, creating and maintaining a common culture.
FAMILY – a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption, constituting a single household, interacting and communicating with each other, in their respective social roles,
of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister, creating and maintaining a common culture.
5. THE FILIPINO FAMILY
Businessmirror.com
FAMILY--It is the foundation of social life for most Filipinos.
WHO characterizes the family as a….” primary social agent in
the promotion of health and well being.
HOUSEHOLD- A group of persons living under one roof and
sharing the same kitchen, and housekeeping arrangements.
Not related by marriage, blood or adoption
Not engaged in the performance of familial roles,
6. In community and public health nursing,
the family is considered as a unit of
service.
1. The family is considered as the “natural” and
fundamental unit of the society.
2. The family is a group that generates, prevents,
tolerates and corrects health problems within
its membership.
3. The health problems of the family are
interlocking.
4.The family is the most frequent focus of health
decisions and actions in personal care.
5.The family is an effective and available channel
for much of the community health nursing
efforts.
8. TYPES OF FAMILIES:
NUCLEAR FAMILY
“the family of marriage, parenthood, or
procreation; composed of a husband, wife, and
their immediate children – natural, adopted or
both” (Friedman et al., 2003, p. 10)
EXTENDED FAMILY
Consisting of 3 generations, which may include
married siblings and their families and
grandparents.
DYAD FAMILY
Consisting only of husband and wife, such as a
newly married couples and “empty nesters”
BLENDED FAMILY
results from a union where one or both
spouses bring a child or children from a
previous marriage into a new living
arrangement
COMPOUND FAMILY
A man has more than one spouse;
approved by Phil. Authorities only
among Muslims
COHABITING FAMILY
Described as a “live-in” arrangement
between unmarried couple who are
called common-law spouses and their
child/children from such an arrangement
SINGLE PARENT
Results from the death of a spouse,
separation or pregnancy outside of
wedlock
GAY/LESBIAN
Is made up of a cohabiting couple of the
same sex in a sexual relationship. The
homosexual family may or may not have
children
9. FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY
Procreation
Socialization of family members
Status Placement
Economic Function
10. The Family as a Client
• The family meets individual needs
through provision of basic needs
• The family supports spouses by
meeting affective, sexual and
socioeconomic needs.
• CHN has long viewed the family as
an important unit of healthcare
with awareness that the individual
can be best understood within the
social context of the family.
11. The Family as a Client
Why is it important for
nurses to work with families?
12. The Family as a Client
Why is it important for nurses to work
with families?
1. “The family is a critical resource.”
2. “In a family unit, any dysfunction that affects one or
more members will affect the members and unit as a
whole.”
3. “Case finding” is another reason to work with
families.
4. “Improving nursing care.” The nurse can provide
better and more holistic care by understanding the
family and its members.
13. The Family as a System:
The family as a unit interacts
with larger units outside the
family and with smaller units
inside the family )Friedman,
1998).
The family is embedded in social
systems that have influence on
health.
14. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES and TASKS OF THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE
1. Manage joining of families
a. Formation of identity as a couple
b. Inclusion of spouse in realignment of
relationships with extended families
c. Parenthood: Making decisions
2. Families with young children
a. Integration of children into family unit
b. Adjustments of tasks: Child rearing, financial, and
household
c. Accommodation of new parenting and grand
parenting roles
3. Families with adolescents
a. Development of increasing autonomy for
adolescents
b. Midlife reexamination of marital and career issues
c. Initial shift towards concern for the older
generation
4. Families as launching centers
a. Establishment of independent identities for
parents and grown children
b. Renegotiation of marital relationship
c. Readjustment od relationships to include in-
laws, and grandchildren
d. Dealing with disabilities and death of older
generation
5. Aging families
a. Maintaining couple and individual functioning
while adapting to the aging process
b. Support role of middle generation
c. Support and autonomy of older generation
d. Preparation for own death and dealing with
the loss of spouse and/or siblings and other
peers
15. FAMILY HEALTH TASKS (According to Freeman and Heinrich)
1. Recognizing interruptions of health or development.
2. Seeking health care.
3. Managing health and non-health crises.
4. Providing nursing care to sick, disabled or dependent members of the
family.
5. Maintaining a home environment conducive to good health and personal
development.
6. Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community and its health
institutions.
16. CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY FAMILY
-Otto(1973) and Pratt (1976) characterized healthy
families as “energized families” and provided
descriptions of healthy families to guide in
assessing strengths and coping.
-DeFrain(1999) and Montalvo(2004) helped to
identify healthy families.
Members interact with each other; they
communicate and listen repeatedly in many
contexts.
Healthy families can establish priorities.
Members understand that family needs are
priority.
Healthy families affirm, support and respect
each other.
The members engage in flexible role
relationships, share power, respond to change,
support the growth and autonomy of others,
and engage in decision making that affects
them.
The family teaches family and societal values
and beliefs and shares a spiritual core.
Healthy family foster responsibility and value
service to others.
Healthy families have a sense of play and humor
and share leisure time.
Healthy families have the ability to cope with
stress and crisis and grow from problems. They
know when to seek help from professionals.
NSCB- National Statistical Coordination Board
FAMILY – a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption, constituting a single household, interacting and communicating with each other, in their respective social roles, of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister, creating and maintaining a common culture.
In community and public health nursing, the family is considered as a unit of service for the ff reasons:
The family is considered as the “natural” and fundamental unit of the society. It is an institution that involves the majority of the population.
The family is a group that generates, prevents, tolerates and corrects health problems within its membership. The family acts as the basic care provider. It is the family that works to achieve certain health goals.
The health problems of the family are interlocking. Illness in one member affects the entire family and its functioning.
The family is the most frequent focus of health decisions and actions in personal care.
The family is an effective and available channel for much of the community health nursing efforts. Improved community health is realized only through improved health families.
The CHN interacts with the community made up of different types of families. When faced w/ great diversity in the community, nurse must formulate a personal definition of family and be aware of the changing definition of family held by other disciplines, professionals and family groups.
COMPOUND FAMILY
A man has more than one spouse; approved by Phil. Authorities only among Muslims by virtue of PD 1083 also known as the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Phil.
GAY/LESBIAN
Is made up of a cohabiting couple of the same sex in a sexual relationship. The homosexual family may or may not have children. Because the Family Code of the Phil. (EO 209) expressly states that marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with the law for the establishment of conjugal and family life, same-sex marriage is not legally acceptable.
The family fulfills 2 important purposes. First is to meet the needs of the society; 2nd; to meet the needs of individual family members (Friedman et al.,2003)
The family is the “buffer” between individuals and society.
The family meets the needs of society through:
Procreation. Despite the changing forms of the family, it has remained the universally acceptable institution for reproduction function and child rearing
Socialization of family members. Socialization is the process of learning how to become productive members of the society; involves transmission of culture of a social group. For children, the family is the “first teacher” instructing the children in societal rules
Status Placement. Society is characterized by a hierarchy of its members into social classes.
Economic Function.
Regardless of the definition of family accepted or the form that it may take, what is evident is the importance of the family unit to society
The family meets individual needs through provision of basic needs(food, shelter, clothing, affection, education).
The family supports spouses by meeting affective, sexual and socioeconomic needs.
CHN has long viewed the family as an important unit of healthcare with awareness that the individual can be best understood within the social context of the family. Observing and inquiring about the family interaction enables the nurse in the community to assess the influence of family members on each other.
“The family is a critical resource.” The importance of the family in providing care to its members has already been established. In this caregiver role, the family can also improve individual members’ health through health promotion and wellness activities.
“In a family unit, any dysfunction(illness, injury, separation) that affects one or more members will affect the members and unit as a whole. Also referred to as “ripple effect” changes in one member causes changes in the entire family. Therefore, the nurse must assess each individual and the family unit.
“Case finding” is another reason to work with families. While assessing an individual and family, the nurse may identify a health problem that necessitates identifying risks for the entire family.
“Improving nursing care.” The nurse can provide better and more holistic care by understanding the family and its members. Family provides feedback and influences health services
1.The family as a unit interacts with larger units outside the family and with smaller units inside the family )Friedman, 1998). Each member of the system is, to a certain extent, independent of other members, yet the members are in so many ways dependent on each other.
2.The family is embedded in social systems that have influence on health. (Ex: education, employment, housing)
To asses the family, the CHN must comprehend the phases and the struggles that families experience while going through them
An important responsibility of the CHN is to develop the family’s capability in performing its health tasks. The first family health task is providing its members with means for health promotion and disease prevention. Ex of health tasks? Breastfeeding an infant, a healthy diet for older family members, bringing a young child to the health center for immunization, teaching a child about proper handwashing.
Recognizing interruptions of health or development. This is a requisite step the family has to take to be able to deal purposefully with an unacceptable health condition.
Seeking health care. When the health needs of the family are beyond its capability in terms of knowledge, skill or available time, the family consults with health workers
Managing health and nonhealth crises. Crisis whether health-related or not is a fact of life that the family has to learn to deal with. The family’s ability to cope with crises and develop from its experience is an indicator of a healthy family.
Providing nursing care to sick, disabled or dependent members of the family.
Maintaining a home environment conducive to good health and personal development. The home should have an atmosphere of security and comfort to allow for psychosocial development.
Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community and its health institutions. Just as the family utilizes community resources, the family also takes interest in what is happening in the community depending on the availability of family members and family’s perception of its need and appropriateness, gets involved in community events.