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JBP Vol. 1/ Lesson 17



te-form introduction
How to form the te-form

The te-form is a one of Japanese verb s conjugation and te-forms are very
important part of Japanese grammar. All the verbs presented so far have been in, or
derived from, the masu-form . Now we ll learn how to form the te-form .

 1. Determine the group of a verb

Japanese verbs are divided into three classes according to their conjugations:
Regular 1, Regular 2, and Irregular. In order to determine the group of a verb, we
should focus a syllable right before ます/masu at the end.


        かいます ( t o b uy )                   ききます (to he ar )
           kai masu                           k ik i m a su

        もちます ( t o h o l d )                かします (to le nd)
         m oc h i m a s u                     ka s i ma su

        とります ( t o t ak e)                  たべます (to e at)
          to ri ma s u                        t a b e ma su

        のみます ( t o d ri n k)                  きます             (to co me )
          no mi ma s u                         ki m a su

        よびます ( t o c al l )                   します             (to do)
          yob i ma s u                         s hi m asu
Regular 1

  If you find a verb with a syllable right before ます as in the chart below,
  it belongs to Regular 1. You drop the syllable with ます off and replace
  them as shown as in the example below in order to form the te-from .




Ex.   かきます              かきます               かきます               かいて
      kaki masu                                                kaki te

 You ll find a chart on the following page that shows more verbs in Regular 1.
 The most left row in the chart indicates lesson number that each verb
 appears on the textbook. Verbs with * in the low are not in the textbook.


  いきます is an exception with the syllable き before ます . It conjugates
 to って , not to いて as in the example.
te - Form/ Regular 1
L    ます - Form     masu-Form            Conjugations            て - Form      te-Form      Meaning

10 かいます          kai masu                                      か って        ka tte                     to buy
11 あいます          ai masu           い                           あ って        a tte                     to meet
13 にあいます         niai masu         i                           にあ って       nia tte        suit, look good on
13 もらいます         morai masu                                    もら って       mor atte      to receive, be given

17 まちます          machi masu    ち               → って            ま って        ma tte                     to wait
16 もちます          mochi masu    chi                             も って        mo tte              to hold, carry
                                               → tte
6   かえります        kaeri masu                                    かえ って       kae tte       to go home, return
8   あります         ari masu          り                           あ って        a tte                 there is/are
11 おくります         okuri masu        ri                          おく って       oku tte                   to send
16 とります          tori masu                                     と って        to tte       to take (photo/copy)

10 のみます          nomi masu         み                           の んで        no nde                    to drink
10 よみます          yomi masu         mi                          よ んで        yo nde                     to read
                                              → んで
17 よびます          yobi masu         び                           よ んで        yo nde                      to call
* あそびます          asobi masu        bi         → nde            あそ んで       aso nde                    to play

* しにます           shini masu    に        ni                     し んで        shi nde                     to die

10 ききます          kiki masu         き            → いて           き いて        ki ite              to listen, hear
10 かきます          kaki masu         ki           → ite          か いて        ka ite                    to write

* いそぎます          isogi masu    ぎ        gi   → いで  ide         いそ いで       iso ide                   to hurry

16 かします          kashi masu    し                               か して        ka shite                   to lend
                                             → して      shite
16 けします          keshi masu    shi                             け して        ke shite               to turn off

6   いきます         iki masu      き        ki    → って tte         い って        i tte                        to go
Let s try to memorize the chart below to make it easier for Regular 1 verbs.
Regular 2
If a verb doesn t have a syllables right before ます as in Regular 1, it belongs to
Regular 2. You just drop ます off and replace it to て as in the example below in
order to form the te-froms for Regular 2 verbs.

       Ex.    たべます                 たべます                      たべます                  たべて
               tabe masu                                                           tabe te
   Below is a chart that shows more verbs in Regular 2.
   L     ます - Form    masu-Form       Conjugations        て - Form                         Meaning

   8    います          i masu                             いて           i te       there is/are
               *
  10    みます          mi masu                            みて           mi te      to watch, look, see
               *
  10    たべます         tabe masu                          たべて          tabe te    to eat
                                     ます → て
  13    あげます         age masu                           あげて          age te     to give
                                     masu → te
  16    つけます         tsuke masu                         つけて          tsuke te   to turn on
  16    あけます         ake masu                           あけて          ake te     to open
  16    しめます         shime masu                         しめて          shime te   to close, shut

 With verbs like います and みます , we can not drop a syllable with ます off and replace them as shown
 as in Regular 1 because there s only one syllable except ます . That s why these verbs can not be Regular
 1 even they have い or み right before ます .

  Ex. as       います                   います                      います                    って (?)
  Reg. 1           i masu                                                                tte
Irregular

There are only two verbs in Irregular, きます and します . You just drop ます off
and replace it to て as in the example below in order to form the te-froms for
Irregular just same as Regular 2 verbs.



      Ex.       きます              きます                  きます                 きて
                ki masu                                                   ki te


      Below is a chart that shows more verbs in Irregular .
  L     ます - Form    masu-Form    Conjugations     て - Form                      Meaning

 6     きます          ki masu
                                 ます → て          きて           ki te    to come
 6     します          shi masu      masu → te      して           shi te   to do
Drill : Fill blanks with te-forms for each verb.
   masu-form             te-form    English Terms          masu-form        te-form   English Terms
                                                                                      to listen,
かいます     kai masu                   to buy           ききます      kiki masu
                                                                                      hear
あいます     ai masu                    to meet          かきます      kaki masu              to write
                                    suit, look
にあいます    niai masu
                                    good on          いそぎます     isogi masu             to hurry
                                    to receive, be
もらいます   morai masu                  given
                                                     かします      kasi masu              to lend
まちます    machi masu                  to wait
                                                     けします     keshi masu              to turn off
                                    to hold,
もちます    mochi masu
                                    carry

                                    to go home,            masu-form        te-form   English Terms
かえります   kaeri masu
                                    return
                                                     います         i masu               there is/are
あります     ari masu                   there is/are
                                                                                      to watch,
                                                     みます        mi masu
おくります   okuri masu                  to send                                           look, see

                                    to take          たべます      tabe masu              to eat
とります     tori masu                  (photo/copy)
                                                     あげます      age masu               to give
いきます     iki masu                   to go
                                                     つけます      tsuke masu             to turn on

のみます    nomi masu                   to drink         あけます      age masu               to open
                                                                                      to close,
よみます    yomi masu                   to read          しめます     shime masu
                                                                                      shut

よびます    yobi masu                   to call
                                                           masu-form        te-form   English Terms
あそびます   asobi masu                  to play
                                                     きます        ki masu               to come

しにます    shini masu                  to die           します        shi masu              to do

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Te form intro

  • 1. JBP Vol. 1/ Lesson 17 te-form introduction
  • 2. How to form the te-form The te-form is a one of Japanese verb s conjugation and te-forms are very important part of Japanese grammar. All the verbs presented so far have been in, or derived from, the masu-form . Now we ll learn how to form the te-form . 1. Determine the group of a verb Japanese verbs are divided into three classes according to their conjugations: Regular 1, Regular 2, and Irregular. In order to determine the group of a verb, we should focus a syllable right before ます/masu at the end. かいます ( t o b uy ) ききます (to he ar ) kai masu k ik i m a su もちます ( t o h o l d ) かします (to le nd) m oc h i m a s u ka s i ma su とります ( t o t ak e) たべます (to e at) to ri ma s u t a b e ma su のみます ( t o d ri n k) きます (to co me ) no mi ma s u ki m a su よびます ( t o c al l ) します (to do) yob i ma s u s hi m asu
  • 3. Regular 1 If you find a verb with a syllable right before ます as in the chart below, it belongs to Regular 1. You drop the syllable with ます off and replace them as shown as in the example below in order to form the te-from . Ex. かきます かきます かきます かいて kaki masu kaki te You ll find a chart on the following page that shows more verbs in Regular 1. The most left row in the chart indicates lesson number that each verb appears on the textbook. Verbs with * in the low are not in the textbook. いきます is an exception with the syllable き before ます . It conjugates to って , not to いて as in the example.
  • 4. te - Form/ Regular 1 L ます - Form masu-Form Conjugations て - Form te-Form Meaning 10 かいます kai masu か って ka tte to buy 11 あいます ai masu い あ って a tte to meet 13 にあいます niai masu i にあ って nia tte suit, look good on 13 もらいます morai masu もら って mor atte to receive, be given 17 まちます machi masu ち → って ま って ma tte to wait 16 もちます mochi masu chi も って mo tte to hold, carry → tte 6 かえります kaeri masu かえ って kae tte to go home, return 8 あります ari masu り あ って a tte there is/are 11 おくります okuri masu ri おく って oku tte to send 16 とります tori masu と って to tte to take (photo/copy) 10 のみます nomi masu み の んで no nde to drink 10 よみます yomi masu mi よ んで yo nde to read → んで 17 よびます yobi masu び よ んで yo nde to call * あそびます asobi masu bi → nde あそ んで aso nde to play * しにます shini masu に ni し んで shi nde to die 10 ききます kiki masu き → いて き いて ki ite to listen, hear 10 かきます kaki masu ki → ite か いて ka ite to write * いそぎます isogi masu ぎ gi → いで  ide いそ いで iso ide to hurry 16 かします kashi masu し か して ka shite to lend → して shite 16 けします keshi masu shi け して ke shite to turn off 6 いきます iki masu き ki → って tte い って i tte to go
  • 5. Let s try to memorize the chart below to make it easier for Regular 1 verbs.
  • 6. Regular 2 If a verb doesn t have a syllables right before ます as in Regular 1, it belongs to Regular 2. You just drop ます off and replace it to て as in the example below in order to form the te-froms for Regular 2 verbs. Ex. たべます たべます たべます たべて tabe masu tabe te Below is a chart that shows more verbs in Regular 2. L ます - Form masu-Form Conjugations て - Form Meaning 8 います i masu いて i te there is/are * 10 みます mi masu みて mi te to watch, look, see * 10 たべます tabe masu たべて tabe te to eat ます → て 13 あげます age masu あげて age te to give masu → te 16 つけます tsuke masu つけて tsuke te to turn on 16 あけます ake masu あけて ake te to open 16 しめます shime masu しめて shime te to close, shut With verbs like います and みます , we can not drop a syllable with ます off and replace them as shown as in Regular 1 because there s only one syllable except ます . That s why these verbs can not be Regular 1 even they have い or み right before ます . Ex. as います います います って (?) Reg. 1 i masu tte
  • 7. Irregular There are only two verbs in Irregular, きます and します . You just drop ます off and replace it to て as in the example below in order to form the te-froms for Irregular just same as Regular 2 verbs. Ex. きます きます きます きて ki masu ki te Below is a chart that shows more verbs in Irregular . L ます - Form masu-Form Conjugations て - Form Meaning 6 きます ki masu ます → て きて ki te to come 6 します shi masu masu → te して shi te to do
  • 8. Drill : Fill blanks with te-forms for each verb. masu-form te-form English Terms masu-form te-form English Terms to listen, かいます kai masu to buy ききます kiki masu hear あいます ai masu to meet かきます kaki masu to write suit, look にあいます niai masu good on いそぎます isogi masu to hurry to receive, be もらいます morai masu given かします kasi masu to lend まちます machi masu to wait けします keshi masu to turn off to hold, もちます mochi masu carry to go home, masu-form te-form English Terms かえります kaeri masu return います i masu there is/are あります ari masu there is/are to watch, みます mi masu おくります okuri masu to send look, see to take たべます tabe masu to eat とります tori masu (photo/copy) あげます age masu to give いきます iki masu to go つけます tsuke masu to turn on のみます nomi masu to drink あけます age masu to open to close, よみます yomi masu to read しめます shime masu shut よびます yobi masu to call masu-form te-form English Terms あそびます asobi masu to play きます ki masu to come しにます shini masu to die します shi masu to do