hyperlipidemia

1. SUBMITTED TO Dr. B.V.SUNIL KUMAR
ASSISTANT BIOCHEMIST
SUBMITTED BY RAHUL DAGAR

2.  Hyperlipidemia means increased plasma level
of Cholestrol (Hypercholesterolemia),
Triglycerides (Hypertriglyceridemia ) or both
in blood.

3.  The most common form of hyperlipidemia is
Postprandial ,which is observed after an
animal consumes a meal containing Fat,
result increased Chylomicron level .

4.  Lipids are large, heterogeneous, naturally
occurring fatty and related compounds that are
insoluble in water but soluble in ether and
alcohol.
 Lipoproteins, which are lipid and protein
complexes, are essential components of cell
membranes and are critical in the stabilization
and transport of lipids in plasma. Once in
plasma, lipoproteins deliver lipids to appropriate
tissues via specific cell receptors.
 That is, cell membrane receptors in different
tissues bind to specific lipoproteins.

5.  Lipids are large, heterogeneous, naturally
occurring fatty and related compounds that are
insoluble in water but soluble in ether and
alcohol.
 Lipoproteins, which are lipid and protein
complexes, are essential components of cell
membranes and are critical in the stabilization
and transport of lipids in plasma. Once in
plasma, lipoproteins deliver lipids to appropriate
tissues via specific cell receptors.
 That is, cell membrane receptors in different
tissues bind to specific lipoproteins.

6.  Lipoproteins are classified by size, density,
electrophoresis, and apoprotein content. The
four classes of lipoproteins are
 chylomicrons,
 very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs),
 low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and
 high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
 Triglycerides (glycerol and fatty acids) are
transported as chylomicrons and
VLDLs. Cholesterol is transported as LDLs
and HDLs.4

7.  Dogs with hyperlipidemia also called as
Lipemia
-Causes Of Hyperlipidemia
1- Physiological response – eg.Postprandial
2-Pathological – it can result from
increased lipoprotein synthesis ,decrease
lipoprotein clearnance .It can be primary
(genetics or idopathic ) or secondary to rule
out other disease.

8. i- Hypothyroidism
ii- Pancreatitis
iii- Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing disease)
iv –Nephrotic syndrome

9.  Some Dog with Hyperlipidemia have no
clinical signs while others become quite sick.
Symptoms can include
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Eye disorder
- Seizures
- Abnormal behaviour

10.  Feline fasting hyperlipidemia is similar to dog ffh
 It is hereditary condition just like diabetes &
nephrotic syndrome
 Ffh is due to deficiency of protein lipase enzyme
 Plasma profile level is characterized by increase
(1)lipemia
(2)hyperchylomicronemia
(3) cholesterol & triglycerol

11.  Hyperlipidemia are most common in
miniature horses, ponies and donkey but are
uncommon in horses.
 In early reports hyperlipidemia in horses is
due to anorexia and pregnancy, lactation,
obesity may increase the effect.
 Fasting increases plasma level of LCFA in
horses and it’s liver reesterify LCFA into VLDL
which causes hyperlipidemia

12. Equine
Hyperlipidemias
Serum
Triglyceride
Concentrati
on (mg/dl)
Gross
Lipemia
Fatty
Infiltration
of organs
Clinical
Disease
Breed Affected
Hypertriglyceridemia >100 No No No All
Hyperlipidemia <500 No NO NO All
Severe
Hypertriglyceridemia
>500 NO Rare Rare Large Breed of horses
Hyperlipemia >500 Yes Yes Yes Predisposed;
Ponies ,
Miniature
horses,donkey
Rare;Large breed
horses

13.  www.researchgate.net
 Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals by
Jiro J. Kaneko