1.
CULTURE
By Roshni Kumari
Roll no. A25

2.
Introduction
Culture consists of all learned, normative
behavior patterns – that is, all shared ways or
patterns of thinking and feeling as well as doing.
Word ‘culture’ comes from the Latin word ‘cultura,’ related
to cult or worship and Sanskrit word ‘Samskar’ which
denotes Social Channel and Intellectual Excellence.
Culture is a way of life.

3.
Introduction(Cont.)
Culture is used in a special sense in sociology. It refers to the sum of
human beings’ lifeways, behavior, beliefs, feelings, and thoughts; it
connotes everything acquired by them as social beings.
Sometimes an individual is described as a highly cultured person,
meaning that the person in question has certain features such as
his/her speech, manner, and taste for literature, music, or painting,
which distinguish him from others.
Culture, in this sense, refers to certain personal characteristics of an
individual.

4.
Meaning of Culture
Culture is a comprehensive and encompassing terms like:-
● History
● Morals
● Arts
● Habits
A culture is “the complex of values, ideas, attitudes, and other
meaningful symbols created by people to shape human behavior
and the artifacts of that behavior as they are transmitted from
one generation to the next.”

5.
Definition of Culture
Edward Taylor, “Culture is that complex whole
which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law,
custom and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as. a member of society”.
Phatak and Bhagat, “Culture is a concept that has
been used in several social science disciplines to
explain variations in human thought processes in
different parts of the world.”

6.
Aspects and Components of Culture
Three Aspects of Culture are:-
1. culture is a pattern of behavior,
2. culture is learned, and
3. culture is transmitted from one generation to the next.
Three Components Of Culture are:-
1. cognitive component,
2. material component, and
3. normative component.

7.
Characteristics of Culture
● Culture Includes Attitudes, Values, and Knowledge.
● Culture also Includes Material Objects.
● Culture is Shared by the Members of Society.
● Culture is a Way of Life.
● Culture is Idealistic.
● Culture is Transmitted among Members of Society.
● Culture is Continually Changing.
● Language is the Chief Vehicle of Culture.
● Culture Varies from Society to Society.

8.
Functions of Culture
● It has a boundary-defining role; it creates distinctions between one
organization and another.
● It conveys a sense of identity for organization members.
● Culture facilitates the generation of commitment to something larger
than one’s individual self-interest.
● It enhances the stability of the social system. Culture is the social glue
that helps hold the organization together by providing appropriate
standards for what employees should say and do.
● Culture serves as a sense-making and control mechanism that guides
and shapes behaviour.

9.
Elements of Culture
There are some elements of culture about which the managers of international operation should
be aware of.
● Languages,
● Symbols,
● Values,
● Attitude and Rituals,
● Customs and Manners,
● Material Culture,
● Education
● Stories, Myths, and Legends,
● Ceremonies and Celebrations,
● Behavioral Norms, and
● Shared Beliefs and Values.

10.
Factors Affecting the Culture
Here are some specific examples where the culture of a society can directly affect management
approaches:
● Centralized vs. Decentralized Decision Making
● Safety vs. Risk
● Individual vs. Group Rewards
● Informal vs. Formal Procedures
● Cooperation vs. Competition
● Short-term vs. Long-term Horizons
● Stability vs. Innovation
● Goals and Objectives

11.
Final Words…
Culture is a comprehensive concept that includes almost
everything around us and influences an individual’s
thought processes and behavior.
Culture is Something that unites People.
Culture is the total of human achievements, material and
non-material, capable of transmission, sociologically, i.e.,
by tradition and communication, vertically as well as
horizontally.

12.
Thank You
The End