Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of your heart muscles. While often referred to simply as “heart failure,” CHF specifically refers to the stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently. You have four heart chambers.
2. DEFINITION
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic progressive condition that
affects the pumping power of the heart muscles. While often referred to
simply as “heart failure,” CHF specifically refers to the stage in which
fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently.
3. INCIDENCE:
Incidence rates of heart failure, we conservatively estimate
the prevalence of heart failure in India due to coronary heart disease,
hypertension, obesity, diabetes and rheumatic heart disease to range
from 1.3 to 4.6 million, with an annual incidence.
4. RISK FACTORS:
MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS:
Tobacco use
High blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels
Lack of exercise
Obesity
Stress
NONMODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS:
Family history of heart disease
Older age
Diabetes
High blood pressure
6. CAUSES
Heart failure often develops after other conditions have damaged or
weakened the heart. However, the heart doesn't need to be weakened to
cause heart failure. It can also occur if the heart becomes too stiff.
7.
8. SYMPTOMS:
CARDIOVASCULAR-
Ischemia- Ischemia is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a
shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellula.
Low cardiac output-
Chest pain –chest pain occurs suddenly , severe immobilizing chest pain
that not relieved by rest , position change and medications.
Decrease pulse rate.
BP may be elevated beacuase of sympathetic stimulation or decreased BP
because of decreased contractility, development if cargiogenic shock .
Myocardial infarction- when the blood flow decreases or stop to apart of
the heart , causing damage to the heart muscle.
Diaphoresis –excessive sweating
ECG changes – ST segment and T wave changes, also show tachycardia,
bradcardia, or dysrhythimas.
Dysarrithmias
18. PREVENTION:
Quit smoking
Control conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and
diabetes
Stay physically active
Eat a low-fat, low-salt diet that's rich in fruits, vegetables and whole
grains
Maintain a healthy weight
Reduce and manage stress
19. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
Various drugs can be used to treat coronary artery disease, including:
Vasodilators (These drugs acts as blood vessel dilator):
• Nitrates
Beta-Blockers (Decrease work load in heart):
• Propranolol 20-40 mg
Calcium channel blocker (They improve coronary blood flow):
• Nifedipine
• Verapamil
21. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICINES-
Methydopa - This medication is used alone or with other medications
to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood
pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems.
Methyldopa works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more
easily.
Sodium nitroprusside- It is used for lowering the blood pressure.
Amlodipine- Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to
treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent
strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Dose-10 mg,20 mg.
24. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Impaired gas exchange related to decreased blood flow as evidenced by
breathlessness
Acute pain related to disease condition as evidenced by patient verbalization
Impaired physical mobility related to weakness as evidenced by patient is
unable to perform daily activity.
Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement related to less intake of food
as evidenced by weight loss
Disturbed sleep pattern related to hospitalization as evidenced by patient
verbalization
Anxiety related to hospitalization as evidenced by patient asking too many
question.
Knowledge deficit related to disease process and treatment as evidenced by
patient is having many doubts
25. RESEARCH STUDY
University of Alabama at Birmingham researchers now describe an
important contributor to that heart pathology disruption of the
metabolism that controls immune responses in the spleen and heart.
Doxorubicin, a chemotherapy drug widely used in ovarian, bladder,
lung, thyroid and stomach cancers carries a harmful side effect. The
drug can disrupt the immune system, and cause a dose-dependent heart
toxicity that can lead to congestive heart failure.